“Izindaba Ezingokomthetho Ngokwelapha Ngokumpontshelwa Igazi”
ISIFO samuva, futhi cishe esiyingozi kakhulu, sekhulu lamashumi amabili leminyaka, iAIDS.” UDr. L. A Laskey (Usosayensi Omkhulu, weGenentech Corp.) wayichaza kanjalo inkinga eyabangela ukuba kube khona umhlangano ngoSeptember 19-20, 1985, eWashington, D.C., eU.S.A.
Cishe uyazi ukuthi iAIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) iye yahlanganiswa nemikhiqizo yegazi nokumpontshelwa kwalo. Isimiso esilotshiwe sakubeka ngalendlela:
“Akukho ukukhathalelwa kwempilo esikukhumbulayo okuye kwaba sematheni kangaka futhi kwabangela ukwesaba emphakathini. Umonakalo weAIDS ungase uphindeke kabili ngonyaka ozayo, futhi kungase kuthinteke abantu baseMelika abalinganiselwa esigidini esisodwa [nabangenakubalwa bakwamanye amazwe]. Ngakho-ke, kukhulu ukumangalelwa okungokomthetho okungase kwenzeke ngenxa yeAIDS.”
Cishe odokotela abangama-200, abameli, nezikhulu zokulondolozwa kwegazi bahlangana emhlanganweni owawuphathelene ‘neZindaba Ezingokomthetho Ngokwelapha Ngokumpontshelwa Igazi.’ Iningi lalaba lalinemisebenzi eyayihlangene nokumpontshelwa igazi. Kodwa futhi baba khona abanye oFakazi BakaJehova. Ake sihlanganyele nani izingcaphuno zalokho izikhulumi ezakwembula.
Ingozi yokusakazwa kweAIDS ngegazi necala elingokomthetho ngalabo abenza umsebenzi wokuqoqa igazi, ukulisebenza, nokulithengisa kwakukhathalelwa ngokuyinhloko. Lokhu okuphawulwe kamuva kwaba sobala enkulumweni yokuqala, eyayiqondene ‘nokuhlelwa, ezomnotho nomthetho wesimiso sokulondolozwa kwegazi.’ UDr. P. J. Schmidt wathi, umthetho onjalo uhlehlela emuva eminyakeni yawo-1600. Udokotela ongumFulentshi uDenis wayehilelekile ecaleni ‘lokuqala emlandwini wokumpontshelwa igazi,’ ngenxa yokufaka “insizwa igazi lezinyane lemvu, okwathi emva kwalokho yafa.” Ingabe lowomthetho usadingekile? USchmidt wavuma: “Ngicabanga ukuthi kuningi okungaziwa. Namanje, umsebenzi wokumpontshelwa igazi uyinselele enkulu nsuku zonke. Izikhathi eziyizigidi inyanga ngayinye kulelizwe lomsebenzi uhlolwa ngabezokwelapha, abavikela izifo, ngokuvamile abakwenza ngaphandle kwelungiselelo elingokomthetho.”
Kamuva, uDr. Paul Ness (The Johns Hopkins Hospital) wakhuluma ‘ngaLokho Okungase Kube Yiphutha Ngokumpontshelwa Igazi.’ Waba nomuzwa wokuthi ‘kunzima kakhulu ukukhuluma ngalokho okungase kube yiphutha ngokumpontshelwa igazi esikhathini esiyingxenye nje yehora.” Eqinisweni, wayehlose ukubonisa umfanekiso weslide esithi “Isixwayiso,” njengokungathi kwakuyisigqebhezana esizonamatheliswa, “okulandelayo kungase kube yiphutha ngokumpontshelwa igazi,” ebhala ohlwini “cishe izinto ezingama-50 ezihlukene . . . [Kodwa] ngangazi ukuthi loluhlu lwalungeke luphelele.”
UDr. Johanna Pindyck (Greater New York Blood Program) wathi ‘isifo sokusha kwesibindi esingekho esigabeni sika-A no-B siyisifo esiyinkinga enkulu esithathelwana ngokumpontshelwa igazi esibhekene nayo kwezokumpontshelwa igazi.’ Loluhlobo lwesifo sesibindi “kucatshangelwa ukuthi okungenani sibangelwa amagciwane amabili, kodwa asikaziwa isimo sawo esingokoqobo. Ukuhlola kuye kwaqhubeka iminyaka eminingi—iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15—kodwa asikayitholi imbangela.” Ngokuqondene nendlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlola esetshenziswayo ehlanza igazi kulesifo sokusha kwesibindi, wathi: “Ngingathi, cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 egazi elisetshenziswayo, noma mhlawumbe angaphansi kancane kwalokho, ahlolwa njalo.”
Lapho bexoxa ngeAIDS, uDr. Pindyck nabanye banikeza umbono othembisayo wokuthi ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwegazi kwenza abalondolozi begazi bangakubali ukumpontshelwa kwemikhiqizo yegazi njengomthombo owandisa iAIDS.” Ingabe abanakukubala? UDr. Laskey kamuva waphawula ukuthi ukuhlolwa okwenziwa manje ‘kubiza kakhulu, kuyingozi kakhulu ukukwenza, futhi akushayi emhloleni ngokuphelele.’ Kuthiwani ngendlela esanda kutholakala anomuzwa wokuthi ingengcono kakhulu? Wakhuluma ngokuhlola okwakwenziwe ezigulini ezazineAIDS noma iZifo Ezihambisana neAIDS. Kweziningi zazo, ukuhlola kwehluleka ukubonisa imbangela yeAIDS. Wathi, ‘akekho [okungukuthi, akukho ukuhlola] owatholakala’ [okwabonisa] eneAIDS.
Khona-ke ungabona ukuthi kungani abaningi becabangela ukugcina elabo igazi noma bamukele igazi lomngane noma isihlobo sabo kuphela. Kodwa uDr. Joseph Bove (Yale-New Haven Hospital) wakuphikisa lokhu, ethi bekungabiza kakhulu futhi kubangele ukuntuleka kwalo. Wanezela: “Enye imbangela eyinhloko yokufa kwabantu okubangelwa ukumpontshelwa igazi yiphutha ekumpontshelweni kwalo—ukufaka igazi elingafanele kumuntu ongafanele. Ngiyadabuka . . . ukusho ukuthi ngo-1985, ngabo bonke ubuchwepheshe esinabo, amacomputer nakho konke okunye, asikwazi ukufaka igazi elifanele esigulini esifanele. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, asivamile ukukwenza, futhi sibabulala kanjalo abantu.”
Ngokomphumela, kuningi izikhulumi ezakusho kulowo mhlangano ngezindaba ezingokomthetho. Abalondolozi begazi bangazivikela kanjani ekumangalelweni kwabo? Manje njengoba sekwenziwa ukuhlolwa, uma igazi lomuntu onikela ngalo litholakala linezakhi ezilwa neAIDS, ingabe abalondolozi begazi kumelwe babazise labo abaye bamukela igazi lalowomuntu eminyakeni embalwa edlule? UDr. Schmidt (umqondisi wendawo yokulondoloza igazi) wathi: “Angitsheli muntu okwamanje. Senza kuphela lokho okumelwe sikwenze, hhayi okungaphezu kwalokho.” Ingabe kumelwe kutholakale izimvume zenkantolo ukuze kuphoqelelwe igazi kulabo abangafuni, bengoFakazi BakaJehova abenqaba ngenxa yezizathu ezingokwenkolo?
Eqinisweni, kwaxoxwa ngoFakazi BakaJehova enkulumweni kaDr. William Dornette ethi, “Izindaba Zokunganaki Nokubekwa Icala.” Wachaza ukuthi esinye isisekelo sokwenqaba koFakazi igazi “incwadi kaGenesise [9:3, 4]. Futhi ngokuqondile ithi ‘ngiyaninika konke. . . . Kepha inyama okukuyo umphefumulo wayo, okungukuthi igazi layo, aniyikuyidla.’” Yeka ukuthi sinengqondo kangakanani lesosimiso, futhi oFakazi banaliphi ilungelo elingokomthetho lokwenqaba igazi?
UDornette, udokotela wakho kokubili ezokwelapha nomthetho, waluleka: “Eminyakeni eminingi amalungu enkolo yoFakazi BakaJehova aye athathwa njengeqembu labantu abehlukile abangayazi into abayenzayo, ngenxa yokuthi ‘mina uchwepheshe wezokwelapha—udokotela—ngazi konke.’ Okokuqala, kumelwe siqaphele ukuthi bagxile kakhulu enkolweni. Okwesibili, bayizakhamuzi zaseMelika . . . Okwesithathu, banalo ilungelo lokuba ngabenkolo, futhi banesithakazelo empilweni enhle . . . Bayakholelwa kwezokwelapha. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kumelwe siwahloniphe amalungelo abo njengabantu ngabanye okuba babe ngabenkolo ngenkululeko.” Wanezela: “Ukwehluleka ukuthola noma iyiphi imvume kuwukudlwengula. Ukwehluleka ukuthola imvume yokumpontshelwa kwegazi kuwukudlwengula. . . . Uma uthola imvume engokomthetho yokwenqaba kwesiguli, usuke uzikhululile ekumangalelweni enkantolo.”
Esinye isikhulumi, ummeli uSusan Lentz, wagcizelela lokhu, ethi: “Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi imvume enikezwayo inengqondo ngempela kuphela uma uqaphela ukuthi ayihlanganisi ilungelo lokunikeza imvume kuphela kodwa futhi nelungelo lokungayinikezi imvume.” Wanezela ngokuthi “ngawo kanye lonyaka kuye kwaba nezinqumo [zenkantolo] ezintathu noma ezine ezivumela amalungelo eziguli ezingoFakazi BakaJehova okwenqaba ukumpontshelwa igazi.” Waphetha ngokuthi: “Njengoba lokho ebenikuzwa kusukela izolo kuze kube namuhla ngokuqondene neAIDS nezinkinga ezihlobene nayo, kuqhubeka kuba yinkinga enkulu, okungenani emqondweni womphakathi, izinkinga ezihlobene nokwenqaba nazo zingenyuka.”
(Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe okuwusizo ngeAIDS kuyotholakala kuPhaphama! kaMay 8, 1986).
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Ingabe iziguli zingethemba ukuthi abalondolozi begazi bayokwazi ukulibona igazi elinesifo seAIDS? UDr. Myron Essex, usihlalo womnyango ocwaninga ngesifo sekhensa eHarvard School of Public Health, muva nje uye wathi: “Kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ngempela ukuthi ukuhlola kwembula abantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90, kanti ukuqagela kwami okungcono kakhulu kungamaphesenti angama-75 kuya kwangama-80. Ngiyoshaqeka uma kukhona okwedlula lakho.”—The New York Times, October 4, 1985.
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“Ukuhlolwa okusha kwegazi, okuye kwavunyelwa ngoApril odlule (nokusetshenziswa yibo bonke abalondolozi begazi, kwembula izakhi zegazi iHTLV-III ezilwa negciwane leAIDS. Ngeshwa bayehluleka ukuthola abantu abanegciwane lesifo esithathelwanayo seAIDS futhi abangakabi nazo lezizakhi ezilwa negciwane leAiDS . . . Ngakho-ke, inani elincane kodwa eliqaphelekayo labantu abacishe babe yisigidi esisodwa abanegciwane okwamanje ngeke liziveze izakhi ezilwa naleligciwane ekuhlolweni okuvamile okwenziwa abalondolozi begazi.”—Sanford F. Kuvin, M.D., Jerusalem. November 17, 1985.