IBhayibheli Lakho—Indlela Elenziwa Ngayo
EZWENI lethu elinobudlova, elilambile nelingcolisiwe asizintuli izindaba ezimbi. Kodwa lapha nazi izindaba ezinhle: Kulezi“zinsuku zokugcina” ezimbi zesimiso sikaSathane sezinto izigidigidi zeziboniselo zeZwi likaNkulunkulu, iBhayibheli, zinyatheliswa ngamakhulu ezilimi futhi zisakazwa kuwo wonke umhlaba.—2 Thim. 3:1.
Yeka indlela uSathane namademoni akhe abangathanda ngayo ukuvimbela lokhu kusakazwa ezweni lonke kweZwi likaNkulunkulu! Nokho iBhayibheli eliphelele liyatholakala namuhla ngezilimi ezingama-275, futhi okungenani eyodwa noma ezengeziwe izincwadi zeBhayibheli zingatholakala ngezilimi eziyi-1 710, okwenza iZwi likaNkulunkulu litholakale ngolimi lwawo wonke umuntu osemhlabeni. Ngisho kulenkathi entsha yobumnyama yomlando wesintu ‘isandla sikaJehova asifinyeziwe’ ukuze singayisi iZwi lakhe elinikeza ukuphila kulabo abalidingayo.—Isaya 50:2.
Ngempela, abanye abasakaza amaBhayibheli bakhathalela imali ngokuyinhloko. Inani elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-20 zamaBhayibheli ziyathengiswa eUnited States unyaka ngamunye, kutholwe inzuzo enkulu. Kodwa abanye abantu, banyathelisa futhi basakaze iZwi likaNkulunkulu beshukunyiswa uthando ngoNkulunkulu nomakhelwane. OFakazi BakaJehova ngokukhethekile bayashiseka emsebenzini onjalo.
AmaKristu akuqala asungula ukusetshenziswa kwezincwadi ezazinamakhasi angahlanganisiwe esikhundleni semiqulu esindayo eyayisetshenziswa ngalesosikhathi. Ngendlela efanayo, oFakazi BakaJehova abangamaKristu banamuhla bayisebenzisa kahle eyanamuhla indlela yokubhala ngamacomputer okuhambisana nokunyathelisa okuthuthukile kwemishini yeoffset. Uyini umgomo wabo? Ukwenza amaBhayibheli atholakale kuwo wonke umuntu ngamanani aphansi. Mhlawumbe unaso isiboniselo senguqulo entsha ka-1981, iNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. Ungathanda yini ukwazi ukuthi leliBhayibheli lenziwa kanjani?
UKUSUKA OSIBENI KUYA KUMA“COMPUTER”
Ubungenakuba nalo iBhayibheli ukuba ababhali abanakekelayo endulo abakopishanga ngesineke imiBhalo ngesandla. Eqinisweni, igama lesiHeberu elithi “umbhali” livela esiqwini esisho “ukubala,” ngoba, ngokweTalmud, ababhali kwakufanele babale izinhlamvu namazwi engxenye ngayinye yombhalo ukuze baqiniseke ngokuthi abenzi iphutha! Ukutholwa kwemiqulu ebizwa ngokuthi “Dead Sea Scrolls” kufakazela ukuthi labo babhali benza umsebenzi omuhle, ngoba leyomibhalo yasendulo ivumelana eduze namatekisi amuva nje obumaMasoreti naphezu kweminyaka ecishe ibe yinkulungwane yokukopisha eyihlukanisayo.
Imibhalo yamaKristu yesiGreki ngokufanayo yayikopishwa ngokunakekela okukhulu, ekuqaleni ephepheni okuthiwa yipapyrus, futhi kamuva ephepheni eliqinile elenziwe ngesikhumba semvu. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa imiqulu esindayo yalolosuku, amaKristu akuqala akhetha ukuloba imiBhalo emaphepheni ahlukene, ayengase aboshwe ndawonye noma agcinwe ebhokisini. Lokhu kwenza kwaba lula kakhulu ngabashumayeli bekhulu lokuqala ukuqhathanisa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zemiBhalo, kanjalo ‘befakaza ngokubavulela’ ukuthi uJesu wayenguMesiya othenjisiwe.—IzEnzo 17:3.
Yebo, amaBhayibheli awasakopishwa ngesandla. Incwadi yokuqala eyanyatheliswa emshinini omusha wokunyathelisa owasungulwa uJohann Gutenberg cishe ngo-1450 C.E., yayiyiBhayibheli lesiLathini iVulgate, futhi angama-47 alawo asekhona. Ngemva kokusungulwa kokunyathelisa kwanamuhla, iBhayibheli lalingatholakala kumuntu onemfundo ephansi, futhi izinguqulo zeBhayibheli zazingatholakala ngokushesha ngezilimi zasendaweni, naphezu kokuphikisa kweSonto. Lapho umbhali ayengakopisha ikhasi elilodwa kuphela ngosuku, umshini wanamuhla weoffset onyathelise eka-1981 iNew World Translation ukhiqiza amakhasi eBhayibheli angaphezu kwezi-20 000 000 ngosuku! Lapho umbhali ayengenza amaphutha ekhasini ngalinye, owanamuhla umshini wenza iziboniselo ezifana ncimiji zekhasi ngalinye. Itekisi leBhayibheli elinyatheliswe umshini liye lafakwa kuyicomputer futhi ladluliselwa ekubeni ifilimi yokwenza ipuleti. Kanjalo-ke, amapuleti amasha omshini angenziwa ngaphandle kokwenza komuntu iphutha. Ukukhiqiza komuntu iBhayibheli kuvela kude!
UKUHLOLA EKA-1981 I“NEW WORLD TRANSLATION”
Eka-1981 iNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures iwumphumela weminyaka engama-35 yokuhumusha nokubukeza ngenkuthalo nangokunakekela. Umsebenzi wokuhumusha waqaliswa emuva ngo-1946, futhi ngo-1960 kokubili izingxenye eyesiHeberu neyesiGreki zeZwi likaNkulunkulu zase zihunyushelwe esiNgisini zisuswa ngokuqondile ezingxenyeni zakuqala. Phakathi naleyominyaka yokuhumusha ukucwaninga ngokunakekela okukhulu kwenziwa yiKomiti Yabahumushi BeBhayibheli Yezwe Elisha ukuze baqiniseke ngokuthi inguqulo isebenzisa amazwi akhethwe kahle nokuthi izincwadi zemiqulu ehlukahlukene zazisetshenziswa etekisini. OFakazi BakaJehova abasebenzisa iNew World Translation njengombhalo wabo oyinhloko, baye bawazisa kakhulu futhi bazuza kulomsebenzi wobuciko.
Nokho, umsebenzi wekomiti yokuhumusha (emalungu awo acela ukuthi angavezwa) awuqedwanga ngo-1960. INew World Translation yaqale yakhishwa iwumqulu owodwa ngo-1961, futhi leliBhayibheli lalihlanganisa ukubukezwa ngokunakekela kwawo wonke umsebenzi wangaphambili. Njengoba inguqulo ka-1961 yayingenawo amafootnotes (amazwana okwenezela abhalwe maphansi nephepha), lawomazwana amaningi avela ezinguqulweni zakuqala afakwa etekisini eliyinhloko ukuze avumelane eduze kakhulu nencazelo engokoqobo yezilimi zakuqala. Inguqulo yesibili, ngo-1970, yaphawula inguquko kokubili ekusetshenzisweni kwesiNgisi nasekuqondeni izilimi zasendulo ezazihunyushiwe. Amazwi nezisho okungaphezu kwekhulu okwakusetshenziswe kweka-1961 kwashintsha. Ngo-1971, iNew World Translation yakhishwa inamafootnotes ebhalwe ngamagama amakhulu, futhi okunye ukubukezwa kwemibhalo kwenziwa.
Kuyisifiso seWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, okuyiyona enelungelo lokunyathelisa iNew World Translation, ukuba lenguqulo enhle kakhulu igcinwe iqondile. INew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures inenjongo yokunikeza iZwi likaNkulunkulu ngokuqondile futhi ngokuvumelana ngokoqobo nokuphila, ngezilimi ezishintshashintshayo eziqondwa muva nje ngabafundi bayo. Lenguqulo ibaluleke ngokudlulisela iZwi likaNkulunkulu ngendlela enokwethenjelwa ukwedlula eziningi izinguqulo zeBhayibheli ezisebenzisa izaga zamuva nje ezenziwe ngesitayela noma ngobuciko.
Inguqulo ka-1981 yeNew World Translation iwumphumela wokubukeza okuthuthukile kwezinguqulo ezandulelayo, okwenziwa kucatshangelwa izimiso eziqondisayo ezingenhla. Lokhu kubukeza kwenziwa kwaba lula kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kokunyathelisa okuthuthukile kwecomputer nemishini yokuhlanganisa okulotshiwe endaweni eyinhloko yokunyathelisa yeWatch Tower Society eBrooklyn, New York.
NgoDecember 1979 abasebenzisa amacomputer baqala ukubhala iBhayibheli kucomputer yeNhlangano. Ezinyangeni ezingaphezuywana kwezinhlanu, ukuloba izinguqulo ezimbili zeNew World Translation kuyicomputer kwase kuqediwe. Enye kwakuyinguqulo ka-1970 kanti enye kwakuyinguqulo ebhalwe ngamagama amakhulu ka-1971.
Lokhu kulotshwa kweBhayibheli okukabili kwasiza ngezinjongo ezimbili. Okokuqala, kwasiza ekunciphiseni isikhathi esichithwa ekuhloleni amaphutha angase enziwe eBhayibhelini. Ukuze kwenziwe lokhu, umnyango wenhlangano okuthiwa yidata processing waklama isimiso secomputer sokuqhathanisa lezinguqulo ezimbili igama ngalinye. Yini eyayiyokwenzeka lapho kukhona umehlukwana omncane? Icomputer yayiyalwe ukuba inyathelise lonke lelovesi elinephutha, ibonise ngokuqondile ukuthi lenzeke ndawanaphi nevesi.
Ngakho-ke lokhu kwanciphisela abahloli bamaphutha (proofreaders) umsebenzi wokuhlola amaphutha emibhalweni. Icomputer yathola amaningi! Iqiniso, akuvamile ukuba ababhala ngomshini ababili benze iphutha elifanayo egameni elilodwa. Kodwa lokho kwakwenzeka kanye ezinhlamvini zamagama eziyizi-500 000, futhi lamaphutha abonwa ngabahloli bamaphutha futhi alungiswa.
Futhi, ukungeniswa kwalezinguqulo ezimbili zeNew World Translation kwavulela icomputer ithuba lokuthola wonke amavesi okukhona umehluko kuwo kulezinguqulo ezimbili, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umehluko wawumncane kangakanani. Khona-ke iKomiti Yokuhumusha IBhayibheli Yezwe Elisha yabukeza umehluko ngamunye futhi yanquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela okumelwe isetshenziswe enguqulweni ka-1981. Ngosizo lwecomputer, abahloli bamaphutha, (proofreaders) bakwazi ukuthola umahluko omncane kakhulu ematekisini eNew World Translation. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amagama abantu ayehlukaniswa abe nezinhlamvu ezimbili kwenye ingxenye yeBhayibheli (Aʹdam, Eʹsau), kanti kwenye ingxenye ayebhalwe njengegama elilodwa elingenazo izinhlamvu ezimbili. Umahluko omncane ohlanganisa osokucaphuna, uphawu lwabakaki nolwezibaya nawo watholwa futhi walungiswa. Umphumela wokugcina uwukuthi inguqulo ka-1981 yeNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures iyinguqulo eqonde kakhulu nefanelekile kwezinye iNhlangano eyake yazinyathelisa.
UKUHLANGANISA IZINHLU ZAMAKHASI NGE“COMPUTER”
Icomputer yenza okwengeziwe kunokusiza nje abahloli bamaphutha. Iyithuluzi elimangalisayo ekuhleleni amakhasi. Kanjani?
Izinguqulo ezingaphambili zeNew World Translation zazibhalwa emishinini yamalinotype eyayidinga umsebenzi womuntu wamahora ayizinkulungwane eziningi. Ababesebenzisa lomshini bebhala umusho owodwa wombhalo weBhayibheli ngesikhathi, bese benquma-ke ekugcineni komusho ukuthi igama lokugcina elisemshinini kudingeka linqanyulwe futhi uma kunjalo kumelwe lihlukaniswe kanjani. Ngemva kokubhala lonke iBhayibheli, abasebenzisa lomshini welinotype kwakumelwe benze izinqumo eziyizinkulungwane. Ngokungenakuvinjelwa, amaphutha athile okwehlukanisa amagama aba khona.
Futhi, “ababhala ngamalinotype bangabantu,” kwasho esinye isisebenzi esinokuhlangenwe nakho efektri, “futhi abahleli amagama ngendlela efanayo. Abanye babo bathanda ukuwabeka athi ukuthothana kancane, okusho ukuthi bayozama ukufaka imisho emibalwa eyengeziwe kunabanye ababhali abahlela ngokugqagqanisa. Noma umbhali ofanayo angase ahlele ngokwehlukile kancane ezinsukwini ezihlukene.”
Icomputer yeNhlangano yakhipha indingeko yelinotype ekukhiqizweni kweBhayibheli. Lapho isinawo umbhalo weNew World Translation isimiso secomputer sasinquma ukuthi lowombhalo kumelwe uhlelwe kanjani ngemigqa, nokuthi imigqa kumelwe ihlelwe kanjani emakhasini. Icomputer yalungiselela ukuba inqamule amagama ngezinga eliphakeme nelingenaphutha, futhi yayihlela amagama ngokugqagqana okulinganayo kulo lonke iBhayibheli, okwathuthukisa ukubonakala kwamagama abhaliwe.
Eqinisweni, icomputer ayikwazi ukuzibhalela amagama. Ukuphela kwento engayenza ukunquma indlela amagama okumelwe abhalwe ngayo. Amagama ngempela abhalwa yielectronic phototypesetter, eqondiswa umshini omkhulu wecomputer. Lomshini usebenzisa umsebe we-elektroni ukudweba uhlamvu ngalunye lwegama eshubhini elikhethekile lethelevishini. Amagama angabonakala kulelishubhu ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nangobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, abhalwa ephepheni elithile lomshini. Khona-ke leliphepha lisetshenziselwa ukwenza ifilimu elenza iplate. Lapho imibhalo yeBhayibheli isifakwe kucomputer, amaplate okunyathelisa angenziwa ayizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ngaphandle kokubuye kubhalwe umbhalo. Ngemizuzwana emibalwa nje icomputer inganquma indlela ikhasi okumelwe lenziwe ngayo, futhi ngemizuzu emibalwa iphototypesetter ikhipha amagama ayosetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokwenza iplate lokunyathelisa eliyosetshenziswa kamuva emshinini wokunyathelisa.
UMSHINI OMUSHA WOKUNYATHELISA IBHAYIBHELI
Inguqulo ka-1981 yeNew World Translation yanyatheliswa emshinini omusha weoffset olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ukunyathelisa amaBhayibheli. Lomshini omusha wokunyathelisa ungamamitha angama-33 ubude—mkhulu kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nemishini eminingi yokunyathelisa iBhayibheli. Unyathelisa emiqulwini emine yephepha elilula leBhayibheli ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukhiphe amakhasi eBhayibheli ayi-128 ngokuphenduka ngakunye, noma okulingana namaBhayibheli ayizi-2 600 ngehora.
“Imishini yethu emidala yokunyathelisa iBhayibheli ikhiqiza amakhasi angama-64 kuphela ngokuphenduka ngakunye,” kwasho umongameli wefektri. “Umshini omusha usinyathelisela izingxenye ezinkulu zeBhayibheli. Ngakho-ke akusamelwe kuthungwe izingxenye eziningi emshinini, lokho konga isikhathi nezisebenzi.”
Umshini omusha wokunyathelisa unezinye izinzuzo futhi. Ukuqhathanisa inguqulo ka-1981 yeNew World Translation nezinguqulo zakuqala ngokushesha kwembula ukuthi inguqulo entsha ifundeka kalula futhi ibhalwe ngamagama acacile nathandekayo. Kungani? Izinhlamvu ezintsha ezibucayi kakhulu zasetshenziswa lezo ezazingase zingabonakali kahle emishinini yakuqala eyayisebenzisa ukucindezela ngomthofi, kodwa azidali inkinga lapho zinyatheliswa emshinini weoffset. Lokhu kwenza amakhasi enguqulo ka-1981 abe namagama abhalwe ngokugqamile. Futhi, lapho amaBhayibheli enyatheliswa emishinini esebenzisa umthofi kunzima kakhulu ukuba umphumela wokucindezela okukhulu ungabonakali ekhasini, ulenze libe-mnyama. Lenkinga ayikho lapho kusetshenziswa ukunyathelisa kweoffset. Izinzuzo zomsebenzi wokunyathelisa iBhayibheli elisha zibonakala ngokushesha lapho uvula eka-1981 inguqulo yeNew World Translation!
ISIMISO SE“COMPUTER” SEZILIMI EZININGI
Lapho iNew World Translation yenziwa okokuqala, akukho noyedwa owayelindele ukuthi ngolunye usuku yayingatholakala ngezilimi eziyisithupha ngaphandle kwesiNgisi, kanye neNew World Translation of the Greek Scriptures itholakale ngezinye ezine. Namuhla lenguqulo yeBhayibheli inyatheliswa ngezilimi zabantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisigidi, abangazuza ekucwaningeni amatekisi nokunakekela kolwazi okwenziwa enguqulweni yokuqala yesiNgisi.
Lomsebenzi wokuhumusha owenziwe kabusha uye wenziwa waba lula kakhulu ngesimo esingokoqobo seNew World Translation yesiNgisi ngokwayo. “Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubuye uhumushe iBhayibheli elihunyushiwe,” kwavuma ummeleli wezinhlangano ezihumushayo zeLobukholwa. Akunjalo ngeNew World Translation! Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhunyushwa okubuye kwenziwa kwemibhalo yesiNgisi ngokuqhathanisa isiHeberu nesiGreki, kuye kwaba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu kusiDashi, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane, isiPutukezi, isiPanishi, isiDanishi, isiFinishi, isiJaphani, nesiSwidi. Abafundi abanakekelayo beZwi likaNkulunkulu emazweni amaningi manje bayazuza enguqulweni egcine ngesibindi igama likaNkulunkulu, uJehova, endaweni yalo efanelekile ematekisini angokweBhayibheli, akhululekile obandlululweni lwamasiko angokwenkolo, futhi enikeza incazelo engokoqobo yeZwi likaNkulunkulu ngokuqonde ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imishini emisha yeWatchtower Society yecomputer kumelwe ibe usizo olukhulu kulomsebenzi oqhubekayo wokunyathelisa iBhayibheli ngezilimi eziningi. Izinguqulo zesikhathi esizayo zeNew World Translation, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngaluphi ulimi, ekugcineni ziyongeniswa kuyicomputer futhi zibe nezici ezifanayo ezinhle kakhulu njengenguqulo yesiNgisi ka-1981.
IMPUCUKO YEZWE LONKE
INew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures imane nje iyisiqalo sokushintshela kweWatchtower Society ekusebenziseni amacomputer. Amagatsha ayinhloko okunyathelisa eNhlangano okwamanje afaka eyamuva imishini yeoffset. Kuthenjwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukusebenzisa amacomputer kungasetshenziswa ezweni lonke ukuze kunakekele umsebenzi ohunyushiwe wezilimi ezingaphezu kwe-160 lezo iNhlangano okwamanje ezinyathelisela izincwadi. Njengomphumela, okusheshayo nokuqondile ukusebenzisa amacomputer kuyonciphisa isikhathi phakathi kwezinguqulo zesiNgisi zezincwadi zeNhlangano nezinguqulo zezinye izilimi. Esikulindele kuvusa amadlingozi ngempela!
Umsebenzi omkhulu? Yebo, kodwa sekufezwe okwengeziwe kakade! Futhi lonke udumo kufanele luyiswe kuJehova uNkulunkulu, ontando yakhe iwukuba “izindaba ezinhle” zombuso wakhe wobuMesiya zishunyayelwe ‘kuwo wonke umhlaba owakhiwe,’ kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukuziphi izilimi zendawo! Uma nje kuseyintando kaJehova ukuba lomsebenzi wokushumayela uqhubeke, iWatchtower Society izimisele ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifanelekile ukuze ifinyelele iqiniso leZwi likaJehova “kuze kube-sekugcineni komhlaba.” (Math. 24:14; IzE. 1:8) Yeka indlela wonke umuntu anelungelo ngayo ngokuba akwazi ukuhlanganyela kulomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu namuhla!
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 5]
INCWADI ETHENGWA KAKHULU EMLANDWENI WONKE!
Uhlu Lwezincwadi luka(1977) lubonisa ukuthi iBhayibheli iyincwadi ethengiswa kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando, kukhishwe ayi-2 458 000 000. Kodwa yavuma ukuthi lelinani aliphelele futhi yathi: “Kunokwenzeka ukuthi inani elingokoqobo lokuthengiswa kwamaBhayibheli nokusakazwa kwawo . . . lingaba kwayiziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zezigidi.”—k. 222.
[Isithombe ekhasini 7]
Umshini kaGutenberg (IReplica)