Ungasithanda Yini Isikhunta?
EGIBHITHE lasendulo oFaro babebheka amakhowe njengesibiliboco. Agcina eseyinto edliwa abasebukhosini kuphela. AmaRoma ayethi amakhowe awukudla konkulunkulu futhi ayewadla kuphela ngezikhathi zemicimbi. AmaGreki asendulo ayeba namadili amakhowe futhi ekholelwa ukuthi anika amaqhawe awo amandla empini.
Nokho, namuhla amakhowe awaseyona into yomntakabani. Abantu emhlabeni jikelele bazitika ngawo! Kuthiwani ngawe? Uma kuwukuthi uyawathanda, ingabe uyazi ukuthi usuke udlani? Ingabe amakhowe ayizilwane, imifino noma angenye into? Atshalwa kanjani? Ingabe anempilo? Uma ubona amakhowe endle, yini okufanele uyenze?
Silangazelela ukwazi, mina nomkami sahamba ngemoto sisuka eSydney, e-Australia saya eMittagong, idolobhana elikhangayo elisezindaweni eziphakeme enyakatho yeNew South Wales. Sasilibangisephi? Epulazini lamakhowe likaNoel Arrold.
Ukulima Amakhowe
UNoel, insizwa eyisidlakela yase-Australia, uyisazi sezinto ezincane eziphilayo nesazi samakhowe. Wafundela ukulima amakhowe emazweni amaningana ngaphambi kokuba abuyele e-Australia ayowalima ngenjongo yokuwadayisa. Uyachaza: “Amakhowe ayisikhunta, umndeni wezinto eziphilayo ohlanganisa izinhlobo zesikhunta. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zazicabanga ukuthi isikhunta siyisitshalo, kodwa manje sesiyazi ukuthi sihluke kakhulu ezitshalweni.
“Ngokwesibonelo, isikhunta asikwenzi ukudla kwaso ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis njengoba kwenza izimila. Sikwazi ukukhula endaweni emnyama. Umzimba waso ukhipha ama-enzyme anamandla aguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe izakhi eziyinhloko, bese ziba ukudla kwaso. Le nqubo yokudla eyingqayizivele iphinde ihlukanise isikhunta ezilwaneni. Njengoba isikhunta singesona isitshalo noma isilwane, izazi zezinto eziphilayo manje sezisinike umkhakha waso sodwa—umndeni wezikhunta.”
UNoel uqhubeka athi: “Endle, amakhowe asevuthiwe akhipha izinhlamvana ezincane zesikhunta ezixubana nezamanye amakhowe bese zimila. Uma izinhlamvana . . . ziwela endaweni ebandayo, enomswakama nokudla okuningi, zingakhula zibe amakhowe. Abalimi abadayisa amakhowe balwela ukwenza le nqubo besebenzisa izimo ezilawulwayo ukuze bathuthukise izinga lomkhiqizo wabo.”
Njengoba siqhubeka sihamba sibuka, uNoel uyachaza ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamakhowe kufanele zikhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezingafani. Ngokwesibonelo, amakhowe amhlophe, athandwa kakhulu emhlabeni, akhula kahle uma efakwe umquba ongafakiwe amakhemikhali. Amanye akhula kahle ezikhwameni ezinomquba owenziwe ngezitshalo, emabhodleleni anokusanhlamvu, ezingodweni esezomile noma emvuthwini yezingodo. Phakathi kwezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zamakhowe ezaziwayo, zingu-60 kuphela ezitshalelwa ukudayiswa.
UNoel utshala amakhowe akhe emhubheni wesitimela omdala ongasasebenzi eduze neMittagong. Uthi: “Upholile, unomswakama futhi uyindawo enhle kakhulu yokutshala amakhowe.” Kulo mhubhe sibona izikhwama eziningi, izitsha namabhodlela okutshalwe kukho izinkulungwane zamakhowe ayizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nanobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Amanye asikhumbuza ama-rose lapho eqhakaza; amanye afana neminduze evulekile noma abukeka njengesixhobo sezimbali ezimibalabala noma izambulela ezimfushane. Isihlaba umxhwele imibalabala emihle!
Ayanambitheka Futhi Anhlobonhlobo
“Abantu abaningi bayayithanda indlela abukeka ngayo amakhowe akwezinye izindawo kodwa bangase bangakwazi ukuwapheka,” kusho uNoel. “Kodwa, kulula ukuwapheka. Abanye abantu bayawaqoba ukuze bathi ukuwathosathosa, benze isobho, i-salad noma bawagazinge emlilweni enjengoba enjalo. Mina, ngithanda uhlobo okuthiwa ama-oyster mushroom afakwe izimvuthu zesinkwa ayesethoswa. Amakhowe okuthiwa ama-shiitake acebile, anambitheka njengenyama, amnandi lapho exutshwe namaqanda bese ukuthosa (omelet).”
Amakhowe adliwayo anomsoco futhi awumthombo omuhle we-fiber, amaprotheni, amaminerali namavithamini. Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2 000 kuthiwa zinezakhi ezelaphayo. Omunye umbiko wezempilo uthi, izakhi zamakhowe zingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezingaphezu kwekhulu, ezihlanganisa umdlavuza, ukusha kwesibindi, ingculaza, i-Alzheimer nezinga eliphakeme lamafutha egazini.
Kodwa, kungaba yingozi ukudla amakhowe asendle. Phakathi kwawo, ikhowe okuthiwa i-amanita phalloides, lifana kakhulu nezinhlobo zamakhowe adliwayo kodwa liyabulala. Ngakho landela lo mthetho: Ungalokothi udle amakhowe asendle ngaphandle kwalapho kunothile owazi kahle amakhowe alungele ukudliwa! Yiqiniso, kuphephile ukudla amakhowe ahlukahlukene adayiswayo. Empeleni, awukudla okumnandi okwakudliwa yizicukuthwane!
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 22]
AMAKHOWE EMVELWENI
Amakhowe asendle avame ukukhula ezindaweni ezipholile, ezinomswakama, emahlathini amnyama, nalapho izihlahla ezifile, izimila, nobulongwe kushintsha khona kube umquba wemvelo omuhle. Amanye ayasizana nezihlahla. Lawo, adla izakhi ezisezimpandeni zesihlahla, kuyilapho izihlahla zithola izakhi ezimuncwa amakhowe.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 23]
AMACEBISO NGAMAKHOWE
• Wafake ephepheni noma esikhwameni sendwangu bese uwafaka esiqandisini. Gwema ukuwabeka eduze kwezinto ezinephunga, ngoba ayashesha ukubamba iphunga elinamandla.
• Uma uwadla engaphekiwe, wasule ahlanzeke kahle ngendwangu eswakeme noma uwageze ngokushesha ngamanzi bese uwambambatha ngendwangu eyomile. Ungawacwilisi emanzini isikhathi eside.
• Uma uwapheka, sebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile ukuze ususe noma ikuphi ukungcola.
• Ungawacwecwi—isikhumba sawo simnandi futhi sinempilo!
[Isithombe ekhasini 21]
Amakhowe atshalwa ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa alawulekayo
[Isithombe ekhasini 22]
Amanye amakhowe afana nezimbali ezinhle
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Amakhowe athothombalisiwe afakwa uphizi omhlophe obondiwe, ispinashi, ugaliki neshaladi eliqotshiwe
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 21]
Courtesy of the Mushroom Information Center
[Imithombo Yesithombe ekhasini 23]
Top: Courtesy of the Mushroom Information Center; bottom: Courtesy of the Australian Mushroom Growers Association