I-Paua—Itshe Eliyigugu Lasolwandle — Watchtower UMTAPO OKUYI-INTHANETHI

I-Paua—Itshe Eliyigugu Lasolwandle

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! ENEW ZEALAND

Ngaphansi kolwandle imbaza enkulu ihamba kancane ngaphansi kwamadwala, izitika ngezimila zasolwandle ezigugulwa imisinga yasogwini. Igobolondo layo eligqwalile, elinongwengwezi lwezilwanyana ezincane zasolwande lifihla ingaphakathi elinemibala eshintshashintshayo—ezothile, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, efana nohlaza lwasolwandle, nensomi ethi ayibe phuzi ngokubomvana, nemithonseyana enjengegolide nesiliva.

LESI sidalwa esimangalisayo i-paua, uhlobo lwembaza etholakala eNew Zealand kuphela. Yona nezinye izinhlobo zezimbaza ihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ngasogwini olunamadwala. Nakuba le mbaza iyigugu kakhulu ngenxa yemibala ekhazimulayo engaphakathi egobolondweni layo, okungenziwa ngalo imigexo emihle, abaningi bathi inyama yayo iyisibiliboco esimnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhula amaparele acwebezelayo kuyo.

I-paua ingolunye uhlobo lwezimbaza ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezitholakala emhlabeni. INingizimu Afrika neCalifornia, e-U.S.A., anezayo izinhlobo zezimbaza. Imbaza ibizwa ngokuthi i-awabi eJapane, e-Australia ibizwa ngokuthi i-muttonfish, esiqhingini saseGuernsey esikuyi-English Channel ibizwa ngokuthi i-ormer. Kodwa, imbaza yaseNew Zealand ebizwa ngokuthi i-paua (Haliotis iris) enemibala emihle ungayithola emanzini abandayo aseningizimu yeNingizimu Pacific kuphela.

Isimanga Esingokwemvelo

Phakathi egobolondweni le-paua, kwakheka izingqimba ezilakanyene zama-protein ne-calcium nemibala enhlobonhlobo njengetshe eliyigugu i-opal. Ngakho, i-paua iye yabizwa ngokuthi i-opal yasolwandle. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa olwandle kubangela ukuba izimbaza “zilale.” Lokhu kwenza ukuba ungwengweni lwamagobolondo azo lukhule kancane. Esinye isazi salezi zimbaza sikholelwa ukuthi imibala ehlukahlukene, kungenzeka ibangelwa izakhi ezisemanzini kuhlanganise nemibala ehlukahlukene yohlaza lwasolwandle oludliwa yizimbaza.

Ama-paua ayazikhetha izimila azidlayo, futhi ayabakhetha kakhulu omakhelwane bawo. Ngeke ahlale eduze nengwane enomzimba ohlabayo, noma i-kina, ngenxa yokuthi ibanga nayo ukudla okufanayo. Ne-starfish siyisitha esiyingozi. Ama-starfish ambalwa nje angabulala inqwaba yama-paua. Njengoba i-starfish siyiqili sibeka izingalo zaso emakhaleni e-paua, ngaleyo ndlela ingakwazi ukuphefumula. Khona-ke, lapho i-paua iphuma nje egobolondweni layo, i-starfish singayidla kalula.

Izindlela Ezihlukahlukene Zokusebenzisa I-paua

Nakuba umbala wangaphandle omnyama we-paua ungakhangi kangako, sekungamakhulu eminyaka abomdabu baseMaori yaseNew Zealand beyazisa kakhulu inyama yayo. Ingxenye edliwayo yale mbaza isicubu esikhulu, noma unyawo, lesi silwane esihamba ngalo endaweni ezungezile enamadwala. AmaMaori asebenzisa negobolondo layo ekudobeni, ekuhlobiseni, nasekwenzeni imigexo nanjengamehlo ezinto azibazayo.

Manje i-paua isithandwa kakhulu kunakuqala. Ukuvakashela eNew Zealand kungabhekwa njengokungaphelele uma ungawuthenganga umgexo owenziwe ngayo.

Namuhla, ababhukudi abangena ekujuleni kwamanzi—ngaphandle kwezinsiza kuphefumula—baphakathi kwabavuni abakhulu bama-paua. Leli bhizinisi lokuthumela lezi zimbaza kwamanye amazwe lingenisa izigidigidi zama-dollar. Ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi ama-paua awaqothulwa emanzini aseNew Zealand, kunohlelo lokuba kudotshwe isilinganiso esithile sawo ngonyaka. Inyama eningi ifakwa emathinini ukuze ithunyelwe ezimakethe zase-Asia, futhi enye ifakwa eqhweni ithunyelwe eSingapore naseHong Kong, lapho ithandwa khona kakhulu njengokudla okuphambili. Ngokuvamile iyaqotshwa idliwe iluhlaza njenge-sushi. Naphezu kobuningi be-paua olwandle lwaseNew Zealand kodwa abantu bakhona abakaze bayidle le nyama yabo ngenxa yokuthi ifunwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe.

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sayo esikhulu kwamanye amazwe, abadayisi bayo manje basebenzisa izindlela zesimanje zokuzalanisa. Le ndlela esungulwe umuntu yokukhiqiza, iphumelele kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zezimbaza e-Australia, eJapane nase-United States. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zivumela ukuba ama-paua azalaniswe emathangini anezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo kude nasolwandle.

Ama-paua azalanisiwe adla kakhulu njengawasolwandle. Angadla ukudla okuyingxenye yesisindo sawo ngesonto elilodwa nje. Ngokumangalisayo, ama-paua awavilaphi. Ayakwazi ukuphenduka ngokushesha uma ekade ebheke phezulu. Kulula ukunakekela ama-paua azalanisiwe. Esinye isazi sithi, “ama-paua ayizidalwa okuthandekayo ukuzifuya ngoba athambile futhi aziphatha kahle—awalwi nhlobo!”

Amaparele Enziwe Ngama-paua

Ngaphezu nje kokuba umthombo wemigexo eyenziwe ngamagobolongo nokudla okumnandi, ama-paua angakhiqiza amaparele acwebezelayo. Amaparele angokwemvelo awavamile ukutholakala kuma-paua ahlala olwandle. Kodwa angakhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa indlela eyasungulwa ngawo-1890 usosayensi ongumFulentshi uLouis Boutan. Umphumela uba yitshe eliyindilinga eliyigugu elinemibala emihle njengeyegobolondo. Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu?

Kuvulwa igobolondo kufakwe imbulungana encane yodaka—ngokuvamile ezingxenyeni ezintathu, kabili ohlangothini, kanye ngemuva. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lolu daka lumboza izinambuzane ezingaphakathi ngongqimba olunemibalabala, noma unina wamaparele, olune-calcium carbonate ne-conchiolin. Cishe ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-18—sekwakheke izingqimba eziyizinkulungwane—kuphuma iparele. (Bheka ibhokisi elingezansi.) Kuthatha cishe iminyaka engaba yisithupha ukwakheka kwetshe elilodwa eliyigugu. I-paua elilodwa kwangu-50 lingakhipha cishe iparele elilodwa elihle kakhulu. Leli yitshe eliyigugu elibushelelezi, elinombala ogqamile, futhi elicwebezela ngokukhethekile.

Kuze kube manje abacwaningi abakakwazi ukwenza iparele eliyindilinga nge-paua. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokungafani nembaza i-oyster, i-paua inezicubu esiswini ezikhipha noma yiluphi uhlamvu esimisweni sayo sokugaya ukudla. Mhlawumbe ngelinye ilanga othile uyothola imfihlo yokwenza iparele eliyindilinga okunzima ukulenza.

Okwamanje singajabulela imikhiqizo enhlobonhlobo yale mbaza—imigexo ecwebezelayo, ukudla okumnandi, negobolondo elinemibala ekhangayo. Asimbongi yini uNkulunkulu ngokusinika isipho esijabulisa kangaka?—Jakobe 1:17.

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 24, 25]

IKHAYA ELIQINE KAKHULU

Isakhi esiyinhloko segobolondo le-paua yi-calcium carbonate. Lesi sakhi futhi kwenziwa ngaso ushoki. Kodwa, igobolondo le-paua liqine izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 uma liqhathaniswa noshoki!

I-paua ikhipha i-calcium carbonate emanzini olwandle ukuze yakhe izingqimba ezincane kakhulu zeparele. Lezi zingqimba azenzi nje igobolondo ukuba liqine kuphela kodwa ukuba libe nemibala futhi licwebezele. Lezi zingqimba zihlanganiswa ingcina yama-protein noshukela ebizwa ngokuthi i-conchiolin. Lolu ketshezi olunamandla lwenza igobolondo licwebezele njengesibuko.

Ososayensi abakakwazi ukwenza ingcina noma inqubo yokwenza igobolondo. Igobolondo liyakwazi ukulungisa noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka futhi linanezindlela okungenani ezinhlanu zokugwema ukuphuka. Ngokuqinisekile, i-paua iyisimangaliso sobunjiniyela nokuklama okungokwasezulwini.

[Umthombo]

[Imithombo Yesithombe ekhasini 23]

[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 25]

Silverdale Marine Hatchery, New Zealand