Ubuciko “Obudwetshwe” Ngamatshe
NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! E-ITALY
KUZO ZONKE izindlela zokudweba eziye zasetshenziswa abadwebi ukuze badwebe izithombe zemvelo, indlela yokufekethisa ngamatshe evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Florentine, noma i-commesso, iyona eyinselele kakhulu. Le ndlela yokufekethisa ngamatshe, ethandwa kakhulu eFlorence, e-Italy, ayizisebenzisi izingcezu zamatshe, zama-tile, noma zengilazi ezime ngendlela evamile ukuze zenze umklamo njengoba kwenziwa ngezinye izindlela zokufekethisa ngamatshe. Kunalokho, abadwebi benza izithombe ngezingcezu zamatshe ezincane ezime ngendlela engavamile. Ngokuvamile lezi zingcezu zisikwa ngokunembe kangangokuba ucishe ungaboni lapho zihlanganiswe khona.
Ziyamangalisa izinhlobonhlobo zemibala yala matshe ekhethwa umdwebi “odweba” ngetshe. I-lapis lazuli yitshe eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinemibala emhlophe, bese liba namakristalu e-golden pyrite abenyezelayo. I-malachite inenqwaba yemibala ezothile kanye noluhlaza cwe. Imabula enemigqa emihle inezinhlobonhlobo zemibala, ophuzi, onsundu, oluhlaza nobomvu. Amatshe i-agate, i-jaspi, i-onyx, i-porphyry, namanye amatshe akhipha inqwaba yemibala ekhanya bha nemakhwifikhwifi, umehluko omncane wale mibala abadwebi bawusebenzisela ukwenza imidwebo yobuciko. Basebenzisa le mibala ukuze baveze izindawo ezinamatshe, uhlaza, amanzi agubhayo ngisho nesibhakabhaka esinamafu ahambayo.
Le ndlela yokufekethisa ngamatshe ayiyintsha neze. Kungenzeka yasungulwa eMpumalanga Eseduze, yafinyelela eRoma ngasekhulwini lokuqala B.C.E. yasetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlobiseni phansi nasezindongeni. Nakuba indlela yokufekethisa ngamatshe okuthiwa i-Florentine yayisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenkathi ephakathi nangenkathi yeByzentine, imifekethiso eyenziwa eTuscan idolobha laseFlorence yazizuzela udumo kusukela ngekhulu le-16 kuqhubeke. Kuze kube namuhla, imidwebo eyigugu yobuciko eyenziwe ngale ndlela itholakala ezigodlweni naseminyuziyamu kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
“Ukudweba” ngetshe kuwumsebenzi onzima. Omunye umthombo waphawula ukuthi amahora amaningi achithwa “emsebenzini wokudweba olula nje angamthusa umuntu ohlaziya ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside kangakanani ukuwenza.” Ngakho-ke, namuhla njengasesikhathini esidlule, imali ebizwa abadwebi ngomsebenzi wabo yenza abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukuyithenga.
Yenziwa Kanjani?
Indlela entsha yokufekethisa ngamatshe iqala ngomfanekiso, owumdwebo ngempela. Ikhophi yesithombe esidwetshiwe iyasikwa ibe yizicucwana, ngasinye sihambisane nengxenye ethile yesithombe esiphelele. Lapho umdwebi ekhetha ngesineke ingxenye ngayinye yetshe elifanele, usidweba ngokwalokho akucabangayo—hhayi ngokulandela umdwebo awusikile ngokuthe ngqo.
Umdwebi ube esethatha ucezu ngalunye, oluwugqinsi olungaphansi kwamamilimitha amabili kuya kwamathathu alubambe ngodlawu. Esebenzisa isaha, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela (njengoba kuboniswa ngenhla). Njengoba enza lokhu, ugcoba insingo yesaha ngamafutha athile. Ube esezihhudla kahle lezi zingcezu kangangokuba lapho ezihlanganisa ndawonye, akusali sikhala lapho zihlangana khona. Cabanga nje ukuthi lokhu bekuyoba nzima kangakanani lapho izingxenye zimelela isiqu esincane sesihlahla somvini!
Ngemva kokuba izingcezu sezihlanganisiwe futhi zananyathiselwa thaqa ebhodini, ukupholisha itshe okokugcina kwenza isithombe sibe sihle ngendlela eyisimanga kangangokuba ngisho nabathwebuli bezithombe bayahluleka ukuveza ubuhle baso bangempela. Liyamangalisa ngempela ikhono abadwebi abanalo lokusebenzisa imibala ehlukahlukene yocezu olulodwa lwetshe ukuze kubonakale umphumela ongokoqobo obangelwa ukukhanya nethunzi emacembeni ezimbali ezintekenteke. Izithelo, isitsha sezimbali, izimvemvane, izinyoni kanye namathafa kungezinye nje zezinto abadwebi abacabangayo abaye bazidweba ngokuphumelelayo.
Esinye isici esijabulisayo sale ndlela yokufekethisa, ukuthi umdwebi akakwazi ukunquma ngokuthe ngqo yonke imininingwane yomdwebo wakhe. Kunalokho, kufanele akhethe imibala, indlela yokwenza, namatshe uNkulunkulu asewadalile kakade. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu enye incwadi yathi: “Ngala matshe asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ungacabanga ngamandla kaNkulunkulu amangalisayo, ohlanganisa ubuhle bawo wonke umhlaba ngezinto ezincane . . . , futhi ngaleyo ndlela uhlale ubona ubuhle nenkazimulo kaNkulunkulu.”
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 16]
All photos pages 16 & 17: Su concessione del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali-Opificio delle Pietre Dure di Firenze, Archivio Fotografico