Izimangaliso Zommbila

UHARLIN ubelokhu engumlimi wommbila kwaze kwaba seminyakeni yamuva nje esifundeni saseFinger Lakes eNew York, e-United States. Ubelokhu ekujabulela ukuchazela abangane nezivakashi ngezinye zezimangaliso zommbila. I-Phaphama! yacela uHarlin ukuba acobelele abafundi balo magazini ngolunye lolwazi analo. Sizobheka nezinye izici zalesi sitshalo esimangalisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, wavelaphi ummbila? Wasakazeka kanjani emhlabeni wonke? Futhi sisetshenziswa kanjani lesi sitshalo? Ake sicabangele indlela uHarlin azichaza ngayo izimangaliso zommbila.

Isitshalo “Esikhuluma” Nawe

“Kimi, ummbila uwumkhiqizo wobuciko nobuhlakani bezibalo. Kusukela emakhasini awo kuye ohlamvwini ngalunye lwesikhwebu, yonke into ihlelwe kahle futhi inhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba lesi sitshalo sikhula, ‘sikhuluma’ nawe. Siyakutshela uma somile noma singondlekile kahle. Usana luyakhala uma ludinga okuthile. Isithombo sommbila, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi, siveza izimpawu ezibonakalayo, njengokushintsha kombala wamakhasi nokuma kwawo, ukuze sibonise ukuthi yini esiyidingayo. Imfihlo iwukuqonda lezo zimpawu.

“Amakhasi anombala obomvana ngokunsomi angase abonise ukuntuleka kwe-phosphate. Ezinye izimpawu zingase zibonise ukuthi kuntuleka i-magnesium, i-nitrogen, noma umanyolo. Umlimi angabona futhi nalapho ummbila wakhe unesifo esithile noma ulinyazwe amakhemikhali.

“Njengabo bonke abalimi bommbila, ngangitshala entwasahlobo, ngoba ukufudumala kwenhlabathi kwenza imbewu iqhume. Lapho ummbila wami usuvuthiwe ngemva kwezinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha, wawuba amamitha angaba mabili ubude.

“Isithombo sommbila sikhula ngezigaba ezingabonakala ngokubala amakhasi aso. Lapho sesisesigabeni esinamakhasi amahlanu, amakhemikhali namandla aso “ezibalo” aqala ukusebenza. Okokuqala, izimpande zihlolisisa isimo senhlabathi. Leyo mininingwane eziyitholayo iba yisisekelo senqubo yokukhula eqinisekisa ukuthi kuba nesikhwebu esikhulu, esilinganiswa ngemigqa yezinhlamvu. Khona-ke, esigabeni samakhasi angu-12 kuya kwangu-17, ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kusiza isitshalo ukuba sinqume ukuthi zingaki izinhlamvu ezizoba khona kuleso sikhwebu. Ngamafuphi, ngandlela-thile isitshalo ngasinye sinquma indlela yokuthola imiphumela engcono kakhulu enhlabathini esikuyo. Obunye ubufakazi bomklamo omangalisayo butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela kommbila.”

Intshakaza Nobulembu

“Uhlanga ngalunye lommbila luyinhlanganisela yobunsikazi nobuduna. Ingxenye ende ephezulu yohlanga iyingxenye yobuduna, okuthiwa intshakaza. Intshakaza ngayinye inemiqumbe engaba ngu-6 000. Le miqumbe ikhipha izigidi zempova ohlangeni ngalunye. Le mpova, ethuthwa umoya, ivundisa imbewu yamahleza asahluma ezinhlangeni eziseduze. Le mbewu ifihleke ngokucophelela ngaphakathi kwekhoba.

“Le mpova idlula kanjani kuleli khoba ize iyofinyelela embewini? Ungase uthi ithatha umzila wobulembu. Ubulembu buyimicu ethambile emhloshana elenga esihlokweni sesikhwebu esingakahlutshwa. Isikhwebu ngasinye sinamakhulukhulu ale micu. Uma ubheka ukuthi umucu wobulembu ngamunye usukaphi, uyoze ufike esiqwini sehleza, esinembewu ngaphakathi. Umucu ngamunye unembewu eyodwa. Kanti-ke imbewu ngayinye ikhipha uhlamvu olulodwa lommbila.

“Izihloko zobulembu, ezishaywa umoya onempova, zinemicwana emincane ebamba impova esemoyeni. Lapho seziyibambile impova, engabambeka nomaphi kulo mucu, iyaqhuma ivule umhubhe onjengempande owehla ngomucu uyovundisa imbewu.

“Izingxenye zesikhwebu ezingenazo izinhlamvu ziwuphawu lokuthi ubulembu obuthile abuyitholanga impova, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi abukhulanga ngesikhathi. Inhlabathi eyomile ingakubangela lokho. Nalapha futhi, uma umlimi ezazi izimpawu, ngokuvamile angakwazi ukwenza okuthile ukuze alungise inkinga futhi athuthukise isivuno sakhe—uma kuwukuthi lesi sivuno asithuthuki, okungenani esilandelayo siyoba sihle. Engangikwenza ukuze ngithuthukise isivuno sami kwakuwukutshala ummbila ngomunye unyaka bese kuba ubhontshisi ngolandelayo. Ubhontshisi unezela i-nitrogen enhlabathini, khona-ke inhlava—isibungu esiqothulayo—asinakuwudla.a

“Kuyangijabulisa njalo ukubona insimu engenalutho ishintsha kancane kancane iba luhlaza bese ikhiqiza inala yokudla—futhi konke lokhu kwenzeka buthule, kuhlanzekile, futhi kuhle. Ngiyaqiniseka ngempela ukuthi ummbila—njengazo zonke izitshalo—uyisimangaliso sendalo. Futhi engiye ngakufunda kuncane kakhulu.”

Ingabe amazwi kaHarlin avuse ilukuluku lakho ngezinye izici zalesi sitshalo esimangalisayo? Cabanga ngomlando waso nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa.

Kusuka EMexico Kuya Emhlabeni Jikelele!

Ukulinywa kommbila kwaqala emazweni aseMelika, ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu eMexico, kwabe sekusakazeka. AbasePeru ababephila ngaphambi kwesikhathi sama-Inca babekhulekela unkulunkulukazi wommbila owayenomqhele wezikhwebu ezizungeze ikhanda ngokoqobo kuhle kwezinsimbi zesondo lebhayisekili. Umlobi wezemvelo uJoseph Kastner uthi amaNdiya asemazweni aseMelika “ayekhulekela [ummbila] ethi wenziwe onkulunkulu, futhi uyisakhi okwenziwe ngaso nomuntu ngokwakhe . . . Kwakushibhile ukuwutshala—isitshalo esisodwa sasanele ukuphakela umuntu oyedwa ngosuku.” Kodwa, abomdabu babewusheba nobhontshisi, umkhuba osavamile namanje emazweni aseLatin America.

AbaseYurophu baqala ukwazi ummbila ngo-1492 ngemva kokufika komhloli wamazwe uChristopher Columbus eCaribbean. Indodana kaColumbus uFerdinand yabhala ukuthi uyise wabona uhlobo oluthile lokudla okumnandi okusanhlamvu “okuthiwa ummbila, okubiliswayo, kosiwe noma kugaywe kube ufulawa.” UColumbus wathatha imbewu wabuyela nayo ekhaya, futhi uKastner ubhala ukuthi “maphakathi nawo-1500, [ummbila] wawungatshalwa nje eSpain kuphela kodwa naseBulgaria naseTurkey. Abadayisa ngezigqila bahamba nommbila baya e-Afrika . . . Amadoda [omhloli wamazwe waseSpain owazalelwa ePortugal uFerdinand] Magellan ashiya imbewu yaseMexico ePhilippines nase-Asia.” Ummbila waqala ukusabalala.

Namuhla, ummbila uwukudla kwesibili okusanhlamvu okuthandwa kakhulu emhlabeni, udlulwa amabele kuphela. Irayisi liwukudla kwesithathu okuthandwa kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zokudla okuyinhloko zidliwa yiningi lesintu, ngisho nemfuyo.

Njengokunye ukudla okusanhlamvu, ummbila unhlobonhlobo. Empeleni, e-United States kuphela, kutholakala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane, kuhlanganise nezilumbanisiwe. Izitshalo zinobude obusukela emasentimitheni angu-60 kuya ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisithupha! Nezikhwebu zinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ezinye zingamasentimitha amahlanu kuphela ubude; kanti ezinye, zingamasentimitha angu-60. Incwadi ethi Latin American Cooking ithi: “Ezinye izinhlobo zommbila waseNingizimu Melika otshalwa namuhla zikhipha izikhwebu ezinkulu ezimise okwebhola lombhoxo, ezinezinhlamvu eziyizicaba ezinobude nobubanzi obungaba yi-intshi [amasentimitha angu-2,5].”

Ummbila utholakala nangemibala enhlobonhlobo. Ngaphandle kwezikhwebu eziphuzi, ezinye zingase zibe bomvu, zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zibe bomvana noma zibe mnyama. Kanti kwezinye izimo, izikhwebu zingaba nezinhlamvu ezimthende noma ezinamabala. Akumangalisi ukuthi kungani ezinye izikhwebu ezimibalabala zingaphekwa kodwa zigcina seziyimihlobiso ekhangayo.

Ukudla Okusanhlamvu Okusetshenziselwa Izinhloso Ezihlukahlukene

Izinhlobo eziningi zommbila zihlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyisithupha eziyinhloko: i-dent, i-flint, ummbila okwenziwa ngawo ufulawa, onoshukela, i-waxy no-popcorn. Ummbila onoshukela uyingcosana kakhulu. Unoshukela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwezakhi okwenza ukuba ushukela oguquka ube isitashi ube mncane kunokuvamile. Emhlabeni wonke, amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-60 ommbila ovunwayo aphakela imfuyo kanti ungaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-20 kuphela odliwa abantu. Osele usetshenziswa ezimbonini noma njengembewu. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi lezi zilinganiso ziyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe.

Ummbila usetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi. Izinhlamvu zawo noma izithako zawo zingatholakala kunoma yini kusukela ezintweni zokunamathisela kuya kuyi-mayonnaise kanye nobhiya namanabukeni ephepha. Ummbila uyasetshenziswa ngisho nasembonini kaphethiloli ekukhiqizeni i-ethanol—nakuba lokhu kuye kwabangela impikiswano. Ngokuqinisekile, umlando walesi sitshalo esimangalisayo futhi esisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene usembuleka.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 11]

Ummbila Olumbanisiwe

Emazweni amaningi, abalimi bommbila bavame ukutshala izinhlobo ezilumbanisiwe ngoba zithela kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo, ngokuvamile ezingeze-dent, zitholakala ngokuzilumbanisa nangokuzixuba nezitshalo ezinezici ezifunekayo. Kodwa ngenxa yalo mkhuba, abalimi kufanele bathenge imbewu yezinhlobo ezihlukene. Ngani? Izitshalo ezivela embewini eyayilumbanisiwe ngaphambili zingase zibe nezinga elingafani futhi zingatheli kakhulu.

[Izithombe ekhasini 10]

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zommbila emhlabeni wonke

[Imithombo]

Courtesy Sam Fentress

Courtesy Jenny Mealing/flickr.com