Abawona Nje Amathoyizi

ABASEGIBHITHE babebenza ngamapulangwe, abaseJapane ngephepha eligoqiwe, amaJalimane ngobumba, kanti ama-Eskimo ayebenza ngesikhumba semvu yamanzi. Abantu abadala bayabaqongelela. Abantwana babathanda kakhulu. Sikhuluma ngani? Ngonodoli.

I-World Book Encyclopedia ithi: “Imifanekiso eminingi yasendulo efana nonodoli yayihambisana nemilingo noma nenkolo, ingewona amathoyizi.” Abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo babedweba izingubo ezinamaphethini emapulangweni amancane bese bewahlobisa ngemicu yobumba enobuhlalu, emelela izinwele. Babebeka labo “nodoli bamapulangwe” emathuneni abathandekayo babo bekholelwa ukuthi lab’ onodoli babeyoba yizikhonzi zabo ngemva kokufa. Abantu baseNtshonalanga Indies ababefuna ukuziphindiselela babehlaba onodoli bokulumba ngokhanjana benethemba lokulimaza izitha zabo.

Ezizweni eziningi onodoli babehlanganiswa namasiko okuzala. Ngokwesibonelo, eGreece yasendulo, ngaphambi nje kokuba amantombazane ashade, ayeshiya onodoli bawo e-altare lika-Artemis, unkulunkulukazi wenzalo. Namuhla, abesifazane besizwe sama-Ashanti eGhana, e-Afrika, babophela onodoli okhalweni benethemba lokuthi bayobasiza ukuba bazale izingane ezinhle. Amanye amantombazane eSiriya alengisa onodoli emafasiteleni ukuze abonise ukuthi asekulungele ukushada.

Unyaka ngamunye ngo-March 3, kusetshenziswa onodoli emkhosini waseJapane obizwa ngokuthi iHina Matsuri, noma uMkhosi Wonodoli. Lo mkhosi waziwa nangokuthi umkhosi wamantombazane, “ovela emasikweni ahlukahlukene,” kusho i-Japan—An Illustrated Encyclopedia. “Elinye lawo isiko lokuhlanza lamaShayina elaliqhutshelwa ngasemfuleni ekuqaleni kwenyanga yesithathu. Phakathi nenkathi yeHeian (ngo-794-1185) izikhonzi zasesigodlweni zazibiza ababhuli ngosuku lwesithathu lwenyanga yesithathu ukuze bazozihlanza ububi, babuguqule bube imifanekiso yamaphepha . . . , eyayiphonswa emfuleni noma olwandle.”

Onodoli Abangamathoyizi

Phakathi nenkathi yokubusa kwe-Edo eJapane (ngo-1603-1867), onodoli ababenzelwa ngokukhethekile izingane babenziwa bafane nabantu abangokoqobo futhi bagqokiswe izingubo ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye izinhlobo zonodoli zazenziwa zikwazi ukuhamba ngezintambo, izipilingi, amasondo namagiya okhuni. Olunye uhlobo lwalukwazi nokuhambisela isivakashi itiye bese lulanda nenkomishi engasenalutho!

I-encyclopedia ethile ithi emazweni aseNtshonalanga ngaphambi kwawo-1700 “inkathi yasebuntwaneni yayihluke ngokuphelele kulokho esikwaziyo manje. Intsha yayibhekwa njengabantu asebekhulile futhi kwakulindelwe ukuba iziphathe njengabo.” Onodoli babenzelwa abadala kanye nezingane. Nokho, phakathi nawo-1800 kwaqala ukuqashelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi ingane ibe nesikhathi sokudlala lapho isakhula. Ngenxa yalokho, imboni eyenza onodoli yachuma eYurophu.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1824, abenzi bonodoli baseJalimane baklama umshini owawenza onodoli bakwazi ukuthi “mama” nokuthi “baba.” Kamuva phakathi nalelo khulu leminyaka, benza onodoli abahambayo. Umklami waseMelika uThomas Edison waze wenza nesidlala-marekhodi esincane esasenza kubonakale sengathi abanye onodoli bayakhuluma. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amaFulentshi enza unodoli okuthiwa uBébé Gourmand, owawukwazi ukudla. AmaFulentshi ayaziwa nangonodoli bawo abaswenkile, ababedayiswa begqoke ezikanokusho. Umnikazi wayengathengela lab’ onodoli amakamu, amajazi oboya, iziphephetha-moya nefenisha.

Ekhulwini lama-20 imboni eyenza onodoli yachuma ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili. Ngawo-1940 ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki kwenza abenzi bonodoli bakwazi ukwakha onodoli abashibhile kodwa abenziwe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Unodoli wepulasitiki uBarbie uyintandokazi kule mboni selokhu waqala ukwenziwa ngo-1959. Sekudayiswe abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane, futhi ngonyaka ka-1997 kuphela, umenzi wabo wathola inzuzo engamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12,2.

Onodoli Abafundisayo

Ukuze afundise izingane zawo ngonkulunkulu besizwe sawo, amaNdiya angamaPueblo aseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States ayesebenzisa onodoli be-kachina, ababenziwa ngezimpande zomdolofiya noma ngophayini. Ngomkhosi okhethekile, ilungu lalesi sizwe laligqoka futhi lilingise omunye wonkulunkulu. Ngemva kwalokho, abazali babenika izingane zabo onodoli abafana nalowo nkulunkulu ukuze zijwayelane naye njengoba zidlala ngabo.

I-World Book Encyclopedia ithi onodoli “banikeza ingane indlela yokuveza imizwa elimele, intukuthelo neminye imizwelo. Ukudlala ngonodoli kwenza izingane zijwayelane nezindima ezinethemba lokuzifeza lapho sezikhulile.” Omunye unodoli okubukiswa ngawo eMkhosini Wosuku Lwezingane eJapane njalo ngo-May, owensizwa evunule yaphelela ngezingubo zempi zendabuko. Lo nodoli usetshenziswa njengesibonelo ukuze ukhuthaze abafana ukuba bakhule babe amalungu omphakathi anamandla nahlonishwayo—ngokwesiko lendawo.

Ngenxa yesibopho esingokomzwelo esakheka phakathi kwezingane nonodoli bazo, abazali abahlakaniphile abalithathi kancane ithonya onodoli abangaba nalo ekukhuleni kwezingane zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye bathi ukubukeka nezingubo eziningi zabanye onodoli zingase zibe nethonya eliyingozi emantombazaneni. Omunye umgxeki uthi lab’ onodoli bangonakalisa “amantombazane asemancane ngemiyalezo eyize ekhuthaza imfashini kunobuntu obufanele.”

Noma ubani oke wabona izingane zidlala ngonodoli kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenziwe ngendwangu, iphepha, ipulangwe, ipulasitiki, noma okunye, kuvele kumcacele ukuthi akalona nje ithoyizi. Ungumngane, umuntu ezingadlala naye nezingathululela kuye isifuba sazo futhi ezikhula naye.

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Isithakazelo Esivuselelwe Konodoli Bakudala

Ukuqongelela onodoli sekuwumsebenzi wokuzilibazisa othandwa kakhulu. Ngawo-1970, kwanda kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Abaqongelela lab’ onodoli bafuna abashibhile abenziwe ngepulasitiki noma abayivelakancane njengonodoli uKämmer noReinhardt. Omunye walab’ onodoli owenziwa eJalimane ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, wadayiswa endalini ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1,9! Elinye lamaqoqo amakhulu kunawo wonke—eligcinwe eStrong National Museum of Play edolobheni laseRochester, eNew York, e-U.S.A.—linonodoli abangaba ngu-12 000.

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Onodoli—Isizathu Sokukhathazeka Kwabazali

Abazali bangazivikela kanjani izingane zabo ethonyeni eliyingozi lonodoli? I-Washington Post yakhononda: “Njengemboni endala kagwayi, imboni yezokuzijabulisa neyamathoyizi ngokuvamile azilivumi icala futhi cishe ngeke zishintshe ngokwazo.” Kusobala ukuthi abazali kufanele bathwale umthwalo wemfanelo.

IBhayibheli liyala abazali ukuba banikeze izingane zabo imfundo eyakhayo nsuku zonke. (Duteronomi 6:6-9; IzAga 22:6) Leyo mfundo inganikezwa kanjani ukuze kuncishiswe ithonya elingaba yingozi lonodoli abathile? Omunye umama uthi wayefundela indodakazi yakhe ngokugqoka ngesizotha, njengoba kuchazwe kweyoku-1 Thimothewu 2:9, futhi wayebe esebonisana nayo ngale ndaba. Ingxoxo yayivame ukuhamba kanje:

Umama: Lab’ onodoli bafana nobani, ingane noma owesifazane?

Indodakazi: Owesifazane.

Umama: Kungani uphendula kanjalo?

Indodakazi: Ngoba banemizimba efana neyabesifazane, futhi izingubo nezicathulo zabo zingezabesifazane.

Umama: Uqinisile. Ngemva kokufunda lo mbhalo esiwufunde eBhayibhelini, ucabanga ukuthi izingubo ezigqokwe yilab’ onodoli ziwuhlobo olufanele amaKristu?

Indodakazi: Cha.

Umama: Kungani?

Indodakazi: “Ngoba iziketi zabo zimfushane, . . . amahembe aveza amabele, . . . futhi izindwangu zinamathela emzimbeni.

Kuyavunywa ukuthi kudinga umzamo ukufundisa izingane zakho ngezimiso zikaNkulunkulu ukuze zifinyelele izinqumo ezinjalo. Kodwa ukuzama kuyafaneleka! Abazali abaningi baye bathola usizo olunikezwa incwadi ethi Funda KuMfundisi Omkhulu, enyatheliswa oFakazi BakaJehova ukuze isize abazali bagxilise izimiso zikaNkulunkulu ezinganeni zabo.

Ungathola ikhophi yale ncwadi enezithombe namakhasi angu-256 ngokubhalela oFakazi BakaJehova, Private Bag X2067, Krugersdorp, 1740. Yisho ukuthi ungathanda ukuthola ikhophi yencwadi ethi Funda KuMfundisi Omkhulu.

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Unodoli waseJapane ohambisa itiye

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Unodoli wamaFulentshi uBru

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Top: © SHOBEI Tamaya IX; middle: Courtesy, Strong National Museum of Play, Rochester, New York; bottom: © Christie’s Images Ltd