Izindawo Zokubhapathiza Ziwubufakazi Obuthule Bomkhuba Ongasekho

Izindawo Zokubhapathiza Ziwubufakazi Obuthule Bomkhuba Ongasekho

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EFRANCE

“WABHAPATHIZWA Ngokucwiliswa Ethempelini,” sasifundeka kanjalo isihloko esikhulu sephephandaba elithile laseFrance ngo-2001. Kodwa isithombe esanyatheliswa kuleso sihloko sasibonisa umuntu osanda kuguqukela ebuKatolikeni emi echibini elikhulu lokubhapathiza elinamanzi afika emadolweni futhi umbhishobhi ongumKatolika ethela oguqukile ngamanzi ekhanda. Lesi simo, esiphindaphindwa ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni jikelele, sibonisa umkhuba weSonto LamaKatolika kusukela eMkhandlwini Wesibili WeVatican wokubhapathiza abasanda kuguquka ngokucwilisa ingxenye yomzimba. Kuphakama umbuzo: Njengoba amaKatolika amaningi abhapathizwa eseyizinsana ngokufafazwa ngamaconsi amanzi, hlobo luni lokubhapathiza oluvumelana nesibonelo esabekwa uJohane uMbhapathizi nabaphostoli bakaJesu? AmaKristu kufanele abhapathizwe kanjani namuhla? Umlando wezindawo zokubhapathiza uzosisiza ukuba siphendule le mibuzo.a

Umsuka Wokubhapathizwa Nencazelo Yako

Ekuqaleni, ubhapathizo lwamaKristu lwalwenziwa ngokucwiliswa ngokuphelele. Ukulandisa kweBhayibheli ngesikhulu saseTopiya esabhapathizwa nguFiliphu kusisiza silibone kahle lelo qiniso. Ngemva kokufunda ukuthi uKristu ungubani, kwathi lapho lesi sikhulu sibona amanzi, sathi: “Yini evimbela ukuba ngicwiliswe?” (IzEnzo 8:26-39, The Emphatic Diaglott) Igama lesiGreki eliwumsuka welithi “ukucwiliswa” lithi ba·ptiʹzo, lapho kuvela khona igama lesiZulu elithi “ukubhapathiza”—elisho “ukucwilisa.” Lokhu kusho ukucwilisa ngokuphelele. Leli phuzu ligcizelelwa yiqiniso lokuthi ukubhapathizwa kufaniswa nokungcwatshwa. (Roma 6:4; Kolose 2:12) Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abahumushi abaningana beBhayibheli lesiFulentshi (ngokwesibonelo, uChouraqui noPernot) babiza uJohane uMbhapathizi ngokuthi uJohane uMcwilisi.—Bheka umbhalo waphansi kaMathewu 3:1 kuyi-New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References.

Emakhulwini eminyaka okuqala ngemva kokusungulwa kobuKristu, ukucwiliswa ngokuphelele kwakwenziwa noma kuphi lapho kunamanzi anele—emfuleni, olwandle, noma emachibini asemizini yabantu. Kodwa njengoba inani labaguqukayo lalanda, kwakhiwa izindawo zokubhapathiza ezingxenyeni eziningi zombuso wamaRoma, kusuka eDalmatia kuya ePalestina nokusuka eGrisi kuya eGibhithe. Enye yezindawo zokubhapathiza endala kunazo zonke evubukuliwe iseSiriya, ogwini loMfula i-Ewufrathe, futhi ihlehlela emuva cishe ku-230 C.E.

Lapho inkolo “yamaKristu” iba inkolo eyamukelwa ngokomthetho eMbusweni WamaRoma ekhulwini lesine C.E., izigidi zabantu zaba “amaKristu” futhi kwakufanele zibhapathizwe. Ngakho izindawo zokubhapathiza ezazakhelwa leyo njongo zakhiwa kuyo yonke indawo. Ekhulwini lesithupha, kwase kwakhiwe lezi zindawo ezingaba ngu-25 eRoma kuphela, kuhlanganise naleyo etholakala ethempelini likaSt. John Lateran. EGaul kungenzeka isifunda-bhishobhi ngasinye sasinendawo yaso yokubhapathiza. Ngokwencwadi ethile, lezi zindawo zazingaba ngu-150. Kungenzeka kwakunezinye ezingamakhulu emaphandleni, eduze namasonto amancane, amathuna noma izikhungo zezindela.

Ukuklanywa Kwazo Nokutholakala Kwamanzi

Izindawo zokubhapathiza zazivame ukuba indilinga noma zibe nezinhlangothi eziningi, zakhiwe njengegumbi elikhethekile eliseceleni noma eliyingxenye yesakhiwo sesonto. Imivubukulo ibonisa ukuthi lezi zakhiwo zazizincane (ngokuvamile zingaphansi kwamamitha-skwele angu-2 000 kodwa zihlotshiswe kahle ngemipheme, imabula, imifekethiso yamatshe nemidwebo yasodongeni, ngezinye izikhathi efanekisa izigcawu eziseBhayibhelini. Ezinye zalezi zindawo, njengeyaseMariana Corsica, zazinesembozo esifekethiswe kahle phezu kwechibi. Inkulumo ethi indawo yokubhapathiza yayisetshenziswa nasekuchazeni ichibi ngokwalo, elalingase libe yisikwele, indilinga, libe nezinhlangothi eziyisithupha, libe unxande, limise okwesiphambano noma libe nezinhlangothi ezingu-8. Njengoba kubonakala ebubanzini nasekujuleni kwazo, kusobala ukuthi izindawo zokubhapathiza zokuqala zaziklanyelwe ukubhapathiza abantu abadala. Zazivame ukuba zinkulu ngokwanele ukuba kungene okungenani abantu abadala ababili. Ngokwesibonelo, ichibi laseLyon, empumalanga-maphakathi neFrance, lalingamamitha angu-3,25 ububanzi. Amachibi amaningi ayenezitebhisi—ngokuvamile ezingu-7—ezehlela emanzini.

Kodwa abaklami babekhathazeka kakhulu ngokutholakala kwamanzi. Izindawo eziningi zokubhapathiza zazakhiwe eduze nemithombo yemvelo noma emanxiweni eziphethu ezishisayo, njengaleyo eseNice, eningizimu yeFrance. Amanzi ayefakwa futhi akhishwe echibini ngamapayipi. Kwezinye izimo kwakukhiwa amanzi emvula emthonjeni oseduze.

INdawo Yokubhapathiza KaSt. John yasePoitiers, entshonalanga yeFrance, eyakhiwa cishe ngo-350 C.E., iyisibonelo esihle sokuthi izindawo zokubhapathiza “zamaKristu” zekhulu lesine zazinjani. Egumbini elingunxande, elizungezwe amagumbi ambalwa axhunywe kulo, kwakunechibi elinezinhlangothi ezingu-8 elinezitebhisi ezintathu. Leli chibi lingamamitha angu-1,41 ukujula namamitha angu-2,15 ububanzi. Lalixhunywe emseleni ofaka amanzi edolobheni osuka emthonjeni oseduze.

Ingabe Babecwiliswa Ngokuphelele Noma Ngokwengxenye?

Ingabe abantu babebhapathizwa ngokucwiliswa ngokuphelele kulezi zindawo? Ezinye izazi-mlando ezingamaKatolika zithi akunjalo, zibonisa ukuthi ukubhapathizwa ngokwengxenye ngokufafazwa ngamanzi kwakuyinqubo evamile ekuqaleni komlando weSonto LamaKatolika. Ziphawula nokuthi amachibi amaningi ayengajuli ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa ngakho ayengajulile ngokwanele ukuba kucwiliswe umuntu omdala. I-encyclopedia ethile yamaKatolika ithi ePoitiers “obhapathizayo [umpristi] wayengama esitebhisini sesithathu kodwa izinyawo zingabi manzi.”

Kodwa-ke, ngisho nemidwebo yakamuva yabadwebi ebonisa ubhapathizo ibonisa ukuthi kwakuwumkhuba ukucwiliswa ngokuphelele, ngoba ibonisa umuntu esemanzini afinyelela esifubeni noma ngisho nasentanyeni ngaphambi kokuba abhapathizwe. (Bheka izithombe ezingenhla.) Ingabe umuntu wayengacwiliswa ngokuphelele ngisho nalapho amanzi efinyelela nje okhalweni kumuntu omdala? Incwadi ethile isikisela ukuthi isimiso sokukhuculula sasingase sivalwe okwesikhashana kuze kube yilapho obhapathizwayo oguqile noma oqosheme esecwilisiwe.b UPierre Jounel, onguprofesa wemidanti yokukhulekela yamaKatolika eParis, uthi: Obhapathizwayo “wayema emanzini afika okhalweni. Ngokumbeka izandla ekhanda, umpristi noma idiyakoni wayemenza aguqe ukuze acwile ngokuphelele.”

Ubukhulu Bazo Buyancipha

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umkhosi ovamile wokubhapathizwa wangezikhathi zabaphostoli washintsha waba umcikilisho oyinkimbinkimbi, onezingubo nezimpawu ezikhethekile, imithandazo yokuxosha amademoni, ukubusiswa kwamanzi, ukuphindwa kwesivumo sokholo nokugcotshwa. Ukucwiliswa kwengxenye yomzimba kwaqhubeka kusakazeka. Amachibi okubhapathiza ancishiswa, futhi amanye ashintshwa aba yisigamu noma ngaphansi ngobukhulu nokujula kunakuqala. Ngokwesibonelo, eCazères, eningizimu yeFrance, ichibi lokuqala elingamamitha angu-1,13 ukujula lase lingamamitha angu-0,48 kuphela ngekhulu lesithupha. Kamuva, cishe ngekhulu le-12, amaRoma Katolika ayeka ukucwilisa ingxenye yomzimba futhi lokho kwathathelwa indawo ukufafaza ekhanda. Ngokwesazi saseFrance uPierre Chaunu, lokhu kwabangelwa “ukuvama kokubhapathizwa kwabantwana emazweni anesimo sezulu esibi, ngoba kwakungenakwenzeka ukucwilisa usana olusanda kuzalwa emanzini abandayo.”

Lezi zenzakalo zaholela ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezincane zokubhapathiza. Lapho sicwaninga ngomlando wokubhapathiza, isazi-mlando uFrédéric Buhler sathi: “Imivubukulo, izincwadi ezilotshiwe nezinto zobuciko kubonisa ukuthi ngokuvamile ukubhapathiza kwashintsha kusukela ekucwilisweni ngokuphelele kwabantu abadala emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka ngemva kokuqala kwenkathi yobuKristu kwaya ekufafazweni ngamanzi kwezinsana, kodwa phakathi naleso sikhathi kwakuba nezikhathi zokucwiliswa ngokwengxenye kwabantu abadala nokucwiliswa ngokuphelele kwezingane.”

Namuhla umkhuba wokucwilisa ingxenye yemizimba yabantu abadala ubonakala usuthandwa kakhulu, njengoba sekwakhiwa izindawo zokubhapathiza zanamuhla ezinkulu kunakuqala. Futhi ngokuvumelana nalokho uBuhler akubiza ngokuthi ukukhunjulwa komkhuba wokucwilisa, kunanini ngaphambili, imidanti yokukhulekela yeSonto LamaKatolika lanamuhla itusa ukucwiliswa ngokuphelele. Ngokuthakazelisayo, phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi, iBhayibheli liye labonisa ukuthi ukucwiliswa ngokuphelele kuyinqubo efanelekile yobhapathizo lobuKristu.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

a Inkulumo ethi “indawo yokubhapathiza” ngokuvamile ibhekisela esakhiweni sesonto noma ingxenye yesonto, lapho kuqhutshelwa khona izinkonzo zobhapathizo.

b OFakazi BakaJehova abaningi ezikhathini zanamuhla baye babhapathizwa ngokucwiliswa ngokuphelele emachibini amancane okubhukuda noma ngisho nakubhavu.

[Isithombe ekhasini 13]

INdawo Yokubhapathiza KaSt. John yasePoitiers, eFrance

[Isithombe ekhasini 13]

Umdwebo wendawo yokubhapathiza yaseMariana yekhulu lesihlanu, eCorsica

[Umthombo]

[Izithombe ekhasini 14]

IMIFANEKISO YOKUBHAPATHIZWA KUKAKRISTU

UMfula iJordani ufinyelela esifubeni kuJesu futhi izingelosi ziletha amathawula okumsula, ngekhulu lesi-9

[Umthombo]

UJesu eMfuleni iJordani, esemanzini afinyelela entanyeni. Kwesokunxele, kumi izingelosi ezimbili ziphethe indwangu, zilungele ukumsula—ngekhulu le-12

[Umthombo]