Ukubuka Okwezwe
Ukushada Kunempilo
Umcwaningi othile kuyi-New York Times uthi ukushada “kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila, kuthuthukisa impilo engokomzimba nengokomzwelo kakhulu futhi kukhuphula iholo” kwabesifazane nasemadodeni. Ukuhlola okwenziwa uprofesa Linda J. Waite wase-University of Chicago kuphikisa umbiko owanyatheliswa ngo-1972 owawuthi abesifazane abashadile bacindezeleka kakhulu ngokwengqondo. UDkt. Waite wathola ukuthi “umshado ushintsha ukuziphatha kwabantu ngezindlela ezibenza babe ngcono,” njengokungaphuzi utshwala kakhulu. Futhi kubonakala sengathi umshado unciphisa nokucindezeleka. Empeleni, “njengeqembu, amadoda angashadile ahlolwa ayecindezelekile lapho ukuhlola kuqala futhi aya ecindezeleka nakakhulu uma ehlala engashadile.” Nokho, uDkt. William J. Doherty, wase-University of Minnesota, uphawula ukuthi lokhu kuhlola kuwukulinganisela nje futhi akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu ungcono uma eshadile noma ukuthi abantu abashada nabantu abangafanele bayojabula futhi babe nempilo enhle.
Amaqhawe Anobudlova
Umbiko wokuhlola okwenziwa yi-United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization ngokuphathelene nethonya lobudlova obuvezwa emithonjeni yezindaba, ubonisa ukuthi ezinye zezibonelo zokulingiswa izingane ezizithanda kakhulu amaqhawe amabhayisikobho. Iphephandaba laseBrazil i-Jornal da Tarde liphawula ukuthi phakathi kwezingane ezingu-5 000 ezineminyaka engu-12 ubudala okwaxoxwa nazo emazweni angu-23, ezingamaphesenti angu-26 zabeka la maqhawe amabhayisikobho “ngaphambi kosaziwayo kwezomculo (amaphesenti angu-18,5), abaholi benkolo (amaphesenti angu-8), noma izazi zezombangazwe (amaphesenti amathathu)” njengezibonelo zazo zokuziphatha. UProfesa Jo Groebel, umqondisi walokhu kuhlola, uthi kusobala ukuthi izingane zibheka amaqhawe anobudlova njengezibonelo zendlela yokusinda ezimweni ezinzima. UGroebel uxwayisa ngokuthi uma izingane ziqhubeka zijwayela ubudlova, zingase ziziphathe ngobudlova kakhulu. Uyanezela: “Imithombo yezindaba isakaza umbono wokuthi ubudlova buyinto evamile futhi bunezinzuzo.” UGroebel wagcizelela ukuthi abazali bafeza indima ebalulekile ngokunikeza izingane zabo isiqondiso esizisiza ukuba zihlukanise phakathi kwendaba eqanjiwe nezimo ezingokoqobo.
Ukusiza Abantu Abanesizungu Ngemishini
I-Mainichi Daily News ibika ukuthi eJapane indlela entsha yokuhlanganisa abantu abanesizungu iwukusebenzisa i-“love beeper.” Le beeper ingashintshwa ukuze umuntu enze lokho akufunayo: i-karaoke (ukuhlabelela okuhambisana nomculo oqoshiwe), ukuxoxa nabangane noma ukudla ingevu nje. Ake sithi insizwa ifuna ukuthola intombi engaxoxa nayo. Ibeka i-beeper yayo elingana nentende yesandla enkinobhweni ethi “chat.” Uma isondela entombini nayo ephethe i-love beeper ebekwe kulo “chat,” le mishini izoqala ukukhala futhi ibanike ukukhanya okuluhlaza. Kakade abantu abangu-400 000 sebewathengile la ma-beeper. Labo abakhathazekile ngokuthi bazohlangana nohlobo lomuntu olunjani, bangacima umsindo walo mshini futhi bathembele ekukhanyeni okubanekayo kuphela. UTakeya Takafuji, ongumqondisi ohlela ukukhiqizwa kwale mishini, uthi: ‘Uma ungayithandi leyo nsizwa, noma unomuzwa wokuthi awufuni neze ukuxoxa nayo, umane ufulathele uhambe.’
“Umbulali Ohamba Phambili Wabesifazane Abasebasha”
I-Nando Times ibika ukuthi emazweni athuthukile ngokomnotho, isifo sofuba sivame ukuhlasela amadoda aneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65 ubudala. Kodwa lo mbiko uthi ngokwe-World Health Organization (WHO), embulungeni yonke isifo sofuba ‘sesiwumbulali ohamba phambili wabesifazane abasebasha.’ UDkt. Paul Dolin, we-Global Tuberculosis Program ye-WHO, wathi: “Amakhosikazi, omama nabondli bemikhaya bafa besebancane.” Ochwepheshe abebehlangene muva nje engqungqutheleni yezempilo eGöteborg, eSweden, bathi abesifazane abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-900 emhlabeni wonke banesifo sofuba. Kulaba, kuzofa cishe isigidi unyaka ngamunye, ikakhulukazi abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-15 nengu-44. Ngokwephephandaba laseBrazil i-Estado de S. Paulo, esinye isizathu sezinga eliphakeme kangaka labafayo siwukuthi abaningi bayayeka ukusebenzisa imithi ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo silapheke.
Imoto Engawungcolisi Umoya
Izimoto ziyimbangela enkulu yokungcoliswa komoya emadolobheni amakhulu omhlaba. I-Guardian Weekly yaseLondon ibika ukuthi ukuze aqede le nkinga, unjiniyela waseFrance uklame imoto yesimanje engenamsindo nengenamusi “esebenzisa umoya osizungezile.” Umklami wezinjini uGuy Nègre wenze injini ehamba ngomoya onomfutho. Ukugcwalisa ithange layo lomoya ngogesi, kubiza ngaphansi kwamaRandi angu-12 kanti ngemva kwalokho imoto ingahamba amahora ayishumi edolobheni ngesivinini esiphakeme esingamakhilomitha ayikhulu ngehora. Le moto idonsa umoya ongaphandle lapho ibamba amabhuleki. Ngenxa yesimiso sayo sokucwenga umoya nge-carbon, umusi ewukhiphayo uhlanzekile kunomoya ewudonsayo. Ngemva kokuhlola izimoto eziningi ezingakubangeli ukungcola, iziphathimandla zaseMexico zakhetha le moto ukuze ithathe indawo yamathekisi angu-87 000 aseMexico City.
I-Alps Eyonakele
Nakuba sekudlule iminyaka engu-12 kwenzeka ingozi esiteshini samandla enuzi eChernobyl, e-Ukraine, izintaba zaseYurophu zisenomonakalo omkhulu ngenxa yemfucumfucu yenuzi. Iphephandaba laseFrance i-Monde libika ukuthi ukuhlaziya okusanda kwenziwa kuveze ukuthi kunamazinga aphakeme kakhulu emisebe ye-isotope i-Cesium-137. Kwezinye izindawo ukukhishwa kwemisebe kwakuphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-50 kunesilinganiso esivunyelwa yimithetho yaseYurophu elawula imfucumfucu yenuzi. Amasampula ayengcole kakhulu ayevela eMercantour National Park, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeFrance; eMatterhorn, emngceleni weSwitzerland ne-Italy; eCortina, e-Italy; naseHohe Tauern Park, e-Austria. Iziphathimandla zicela ukuba amazwe athintekile aqaphe amazinga emisebe emanzini nasekudleni okonakalayo, njengamakhowe nobisi.
Ukudla Njengomkhaya
Iphephandaba laseCanada i-Toronto Star lithi ukuhlola okwenziwa entsheni engu-527, eyayijabulela ukudla kwakusihlwa nemikhaya yakubo okungenani kahlanu ngesonto “yayisethubeni elingcono lokuba ingazisebenzisi izidakamizwa noma icindezeleke, yayisijabulela isikole futhi yayinobuhlobo obuhle nontanga. Intsha okuthiwa ‘ayizinzile’ yayidla nemikhaya yakubo izinsuku ezintathu noma ngaphansi ngesonto.” Isazi sengqondo uBruce Brian sithi isikhathi sokudla kwakusihlwa njengomkhaya “siyisici somkhaya onempilo.” Lo mbiko uthi ukudla ndawonye kuqinisa izibopho zomkhaya, ubuciko bokukhulumisana nomuzwa wokwamukeleka, futhi kunikeza ithuba lokufunda imikhuba yokudla emihle nokuhlanganyela engxoxweni, ekuncokoleni nasemthandazweni. Indodakazi esikhulile yomkhaya othile owawudla ndawonye njalo ithi, ukube babengakwenzi njalo lokhu, “angicabangi ukuthi ngangiyosondelana nabasekhaya ngendlela engisondelene nabo ngayo manje.”
Ukungezwa Ngenxa Ye-stereo
I-Courier-Mail yaseBrisbane ibika ukuthi ukuhlola okwenziwa yi-National Acoustic Laboratory yase-Australia kwaveza ukuthi ngisho noma umuntu esisebenzisa kahle i-stereo sakhe, angabangela umonakalo ongabonakali ezindlebeni. Umcwaningi uDkt. Eric LePage wathi intsha iyazindela ukuthatha izixwayiso ezinjengalesi ngokungathi sína. Wathi: “Izichaya ngokuphindaphindiwe emsindweni noma emculweni ophakeme iminyaka eminingi futhi icabanga ukuthi ayithinteki.” Leli phephandaba lathi ukuhlola okuthile kwabonisa ukuthi izixwayiso “azisho lutho kuze kube yilapho abantu sebeqala ukungezwa.” Lokhu kucwaninga okusha kuvumelana nokuhlola okwenziwa eJalimane okubonisa ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesine yabasanda kubuthelwa empini abaneminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengu-24 sebevaleke izindlebe kakade ngenxa yokulalela umculo ophakeme nokuthi “abafundi abangaba amaphesenti ayishumi abaneminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengu-18 babevaleke izindlebe kangangokuba abasayizwa ingxoxo nje evamile.”
Ugwayi Uxhasa Ezemidlalo
URhonda Galbally, we-Victorian Health Promotion Foundation yase-Australia uthi ukusebenzisa kwezinkampani zikagwayi imincintiswano yezemidlalo nokunye ukuzijabulisa ukuze zikhangise imikhiqizo yazo kubangela “ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwezemidlalo . . . nokubhema ugwayi.” Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhangisa ngogwayi ngobuqili kwezemidlalo kungase kwenze abantu baqale ukubhema. I-Cancer Research Campaign eBrithani yathola ukuthi “abafana abathanda ukubuka umjaho wezimoto we-Formula One kuyithelevishini basemathubeni aphindwe cishe kabili okuba baqale ukubhema,” kubika ingosi yezindaba i-Panos. “Kulo lonke elaseYurophu, izinkampani zikagwayi zichitha izindodla zemali unyaka ngamunye ukuze zixhase imijaho yezimoto kuphela.” Futhi lezi zimoto ziyizikhangiso zikagwayi ezivame ukuvezwa kuyithelevishini.
Abalimi Bokuqala
Iphephandaba laseFrance i-Monde libika ukuthi iqembu lososayensi baseYurophu lithole ukuthi i-DNA yezinhlobo zikakolweni wasendle eFertile Crescent yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi yayifana nezinhlobonhlobo ezilinywa kwezinye izindawo namuhla. Izimvu, izimbuzi, izingulube nezinkomo zokuqala zazifuywe kule ndawo, okwakukhula kuyo ukolweni nezinye “izilimo zokuqala.” Ososayensi bathi ukusetshenziswa kwezilimo ezathathwa endle kwasuka lapho kwasakazekela kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia. Ngokuthakazelisayo, izindawo zokuqala zezolimo lapho kuye kwatholakala khona ukolweni owatshalwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule zingaseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeLake Van nasezintabeni zase-Ararat.