Ukubuka Okwezwe
Unyaka Ka-2000 NoKristu
I-ENI Bulletin ithi “izinhlolo-vo zithola ukuthi kunomuntu oyedwa kuphela kwabayisithupha eBrithani ohlobanisa unyaka ka-2000 noKristu.” Ukuhlola kukaGallup “kwembula ukuthi abantu abaningi abanalwazi ngokuphathelene neNkulungwane Yeminyaka entsha, abangamaphesenti angu-37 bathi babengazi ukuthi kuyobe kugujwani . . . , abangamaphesenti angu-18 bathi le mikhosi iphawula ikhulu leminyaka elisha kanti abangamaphesenti angu-17 bathi iphawula ukufika konyaka ka-2000.” Bangamaphesenti angu-15 kuphela abacabanga ukuthi unyaka ka-2000 uyahlobana nokuzalwa kukaKristu. NgokukaProfesa Anthony King wase-Essex University, kwabaningi inkulungwane entsha yeminyaka isho “nje ukuthi bazoba nethuba lokudansa, baphuze iwayini, bancokole nabangane kuze kuse noma bavakashele kwamanye amazwe.” Umbhishobhi waseSheshi uGavin Reid, wathi: “Siphila ezweni elilahlekelwe inkumbulo yalo yezinto ezingokwesiko nezingokomoya.”
Uvalo Olubangelwa “Amagciwane Angelapheki”
“Ukumelana ‘kwamagciwane angelapheki’ nemithi eminingi enamandla kufanele kungabi isixwayiso kwabezokwelapha kuphela kodwa nakubathengi,” kusho iphephandaba laseNingizimu Afrika i-Star. Isazi sezifo uMike Dove sixwayisa ngokuthi “izifo ezazilawuleka noma ezacishe zaqedwa sezishintshile futhi sezibuya ngezinkani.” Ukusebenzisa imithi ngokweqile kuye kwabangela izinhlobo ezintsha zesifo sofuba (TB), umalaleveva, uhudo, isipatsholo, ukuvuvuka kolwelwesi lobuchopho ne-pneumonia okunzima kakhulu ukuzelapha futhi ezingalapheki ngemithi yesimanje. I-TB iyodwa ibulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu ngonyaka. Abagulayo bangasiza ngokukhumbula lokhu okulandelayo: Ekuqaleni, zama amakhambi anjengokuphuza izinto eziningi eziwuketshezi, ukuphumula ngokwanele nokuhahaza ngosawoti namanzi afudumele uma umphimbo wakho ubuhlungu. Ungacindezeli udokotela ukuba akunikeze imithi—mnikeze ithuba lokubona ukuthi iyadingeka ngempela yini. Uma unikezwa imithi, yiphuze uyiqede ngisho noma uzizwa usungcono. Khumbula ukuthi imithi ayinakuwuqeda umkhuhlane, obangelwa ama-virus, hhayi ama-bacterium. UDove uthi: “Bonke abantu kufanele babambisane ekulweni nale nkinga ekhathazayo embulungeni yonke engase ibangele inhlekelele yezempilo.”
Umonakalo Omkhulu Obangelwa Ukucindezeleka
“Ukucindezeleka kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuphutha emsebenzini nezinga eliphansi lomsebenzi emhlabeni—ngaphezu kwezifo ezisemzimbeni,” kusho iphephandaba laseBrazil i-Globo. Umbiko we-World Health Organization ubonisa ukuthi izifo zengqondo zabulala abantu abangu-200-000 ngo-1997. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuncane, njengokushintshashintsha kwemizwa, kwakunemiphumela engemihle emsebenzini wabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-146 emhlabeni wonke—okuyinani eliphakeme kunelezisebenzi eziyizigidi ezingu-123 ezaziphazanyiswa izinkinga zezindlebe noma eziyizigidi ezingu-25 ezehlelwa yizingozi emsebenzini. Ngokokuhlola okwenziwa uprofesa Guy Goodwyn wase-Oxford University, inkinga yokucindezeleka iyokwanda kule minyaka ezayo, okuyoba inkinga enkulu emphakathini ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lomsebenzi nezindleko ezikhuphukayo zezokwelapha. E-United States kuphela, izindleko zaminyaka yonke zokucindezeleka kakade sezifinyelela kuma-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-53 000 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-337 000).
Kungcono Ukufunda Phansi
“Awukho umshini we-computer ofundeka njengephepha elibhaliwe,” kubika ingosi yezindaba yaseJalimane i-dpa-Basisdienst. Ukufunda ephepheni kunokufunda kuyi-computer kunciphisa amaphutha kakhulu futhi kwenza umuntu afunde ngokushesha. Ukuhlola okwenziwe kubonisa ukuthi ukufunda indaba kuyi-computer kuthatha isikhathi esilinganiselwa kumaphesenti ayishumi ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokufunda ephepheni. Nakuba imiphumela yathuthuka lapho kusetshenziswa ama-computer ezinga eliphambili acacile nangaphayizi, ayengayifinyeleli imiphumela enjengokufunda ephepheni. “Noma ubani osebenza nge-computer uchitha sonke isikhathi sakhe egqolozele imisebe yokukhanya exhophayo,” kusho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uMartina Ziefle wase-Aachen, eJalimane. “Amagama awagqamile kahle kanti nokuhlukahluka kwemibala akukuhle.” Isiphetho se-dpa siwukuthi: “Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga i-computer, kufanele ubhekisise izinga lesihenqo sayo.”
Izibonakaliso Zesikhathi
“Esinye isici esidala sokuphila kwaseCanada sizophela emasontweni ambalwa lapho amaphoyisa [aseNewfoundland] eqala ukuphatha izibhamu okokuqala ngqá,” kubika i-Toronto Star. I-Royal Newfoundland Constabulary, eyasungulwa ngo-1729, “yayiyibutho lokugcina lamaphoyisa eNyakatho Melika elaligada lingaziphethe izibhamu.” Umthetho-sisekelo omusha wayichitha inkambiso eyayisetshenziswa ngaphambili. Lo mthetho wawuthi amaphoyisa kumelwe acele imvume kumphathi wawo yokuba ahlome. Uma linikezwa imvume, iphoyisa kufanele ligcine isikhali salo ebhokisini elihluthulelwe ebhuthini yemoto. Khona-ke, lapho sidingeka ezimweni eziphuthumayo, lizomisa imoto, livule ibhuthi, livule lelo bhokisi, bese lifaka izinhlamvu. “Kuyisidala futhi akuvamile, kodwa kulo nyaka ka-1998, akunangqondo neze ukuthi ibutho lamaphoyisa elingochwepheshe neliqeqeshiwe lingaziphathi izikhali zalo,” kusho uNdunankulu uBrian Tobin. IRock, njengoba ibizwa kanjalo iNewfoundland, isenezinga eliphansi lobugebengu ezweni lonke futhi alikho iphoyisa elake ladutshulwa lisemsebenzini.
Umsebenzi Wabo Uwukuphindisela
Ithembisa “ukugcina imfihlo” nekhono lokufeza umsebenzi noma kuphi eJapane, inkampani ethile yaseTokyo inesikhangiso esithi: “Sizokulungisela izindaba zakho.” Umgomo oyinhloko “uwukubangela umuntu ohluphe ikhasimende ukuhlupheka okufanayo naye akubangele,” kusho indoda ephethe le nkampani. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyi-Asahi Evening News, le nkampani “yenza izenzo zokuphindisela ezisemthethweni,” njengokuqiniseka “ukuthi umuntu ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wakhe nomkhaya wakhe,” ukubhidliza ubuhlobo “nokuqikelela ukuthi umuntu asebenza naye uyaxoshwa noma umqashi ohlukumeze othile ngokobulili uyahlaziswa.” Kubantu abangaba ngu-50 abathinta le nkampani nsuku zonke, abangu-20 bacela ukuba kubulawe abantu; kodwa umthetho wale nkampani awukona ukusebenzisa ubudlova noma ukweqa umthetho, “nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kusala kancane yenze kanjalo.” Le nkampani inezisebenzi eziningi, iningi lazo elineminye imisebenzi yokuziphilisa yesikhathi esigcwele. Ezinye zingabantu nabo abaye bahlushwa abafuna ukusiza abanye ukuba baziphindiselele. Umnini-bhizinisi waxwayisa: “Ngeke wazi noma okuthile owakwenza esikhathini esidlule kwenza abanye abantu bakubambela igqubu yini. Ubogawula ubheke.”
Izinkalankala Nendawo Ezungezile
Izintuthwane, umuhlwa nezibungu kudla amaqabunga nemfucumfucu esehlathini, kodwa kwenzekani emahlathini emvula aba nezikhukhula ngezinye izikhathi? Lapho-ke, kusebenza izinkalankala. Isazi sendawo ezungezile sase-University of Michigan, e-U.S.A., samangala lapho sithola indawo enkulu ehlathini elisoGwini lwasePacific eCosta Rica eyayingenamaqabunga phansi kodwa inemigodi eminingi emikhulu. Ebusuku, sabukela njengoba kuphuma izinkalankala—ezazingaba ngu-60 000 kuyihektare ngalinye—zifuna amaqabunga abunile, izithelo nezimbewu, ezazibuyela nako emigodini yazo engaba imitha ukujula. Lezi zinkalankala ezingamasentimitha angu-20 ubukhulu, ezinezimbobo ezikhethekile zokuphefumula futhi ezibuyela olwandle ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ukuze ziyozala, zisiza ekondleni izihlahla ezinezimpande ezijulile. I-Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi konke ukuphila kwaleli hlathi kuxhomeke kulokho okwenziwa yilezi zilwane.
Kude Lé Emkhathini
“I-Voyager 1 iqophe umlando njengento eyenziwe umuntu eqhele kakhulu kunazo zonke,” kusho umagazini i-Astronomy. “Ngaphambili lokhu kwakufinyelelwe i-Pioneer 10, esendleleni eza nganeno ihamba ngesivinini esiphansi.” I-Voyager 1 ikude kangakanani? Ngo-February 17, 1998, yayisebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10,4. Lo mkhumbi-mkhathi wacitshwa ngo-September 5, 1977; wadlula kuyi-Jupiter ngo-March 5, 1979; futhi wadlula kuyi-Saturn ngo-November 12, 1980. Usaqhubeka uthumela ukwaziswa emhlabeni ngamaza elanga nangamandla kazibuthe. “Ekugcineni, imishini yawo ingaba imishini yokuqala yomkhumbi-mkhathi ukuthungatha i-heliopause—umngcele lapho amandla kazibuthe eLanga ehlukana khona nebanga eliphakathi kwezinkanyezi,” kusho i-National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Izingane Ezingabhaliswanga
“Mhlawumbe ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izinsana ayibhaliswanga lapho izalwa, okuyishiya isesimweni esibucayi ngokomthetho esingenza ukuba iphuthelwe amathuba emfundo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo,” kubika i-New York Times. Ukubhaliswa kwabantwana lapho bezalwa kuphansi kakhulu emazweni ase-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, njengaseCambodia, eMyanmar, eNdiya naseVietnam. “Ukungabi naso isitifiketi sokuzalwa kunjengokuthi awuzalwanga,” kusho uCarol Bellamy, umqondisi ophethe i-United Nations Children’s Fund, inhlangano eyahlola lesi simo emhlabeni wonke. Emazweni amaningi kufuneka isitifiketi sokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana alashwe emthola-mpilo noma abhaliswe esikoleni, kanti abantwana abangenazo izitifiketi bangase baphoqelelwe ukuba yizisebenzi eziyizingane noma baxhashazwe njengezifebe. Lesi sihloko siyanezela: “Lo mbiko wathola ukuthi ubumpofu bubodwa abusona isithiyo sokubhaliswa kwezingane, uveza ukuthi kunamazinga aphakeme okubhaliswa kwabantwana abazalwayo eLatin America, enkabeni ye-Asia naseNyakatho Afrika.”