ISonto LamaKatolika NokuQothulwa Kwesizwe
NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! E-ITALY
KUSUKELA ngo-1987, iSonto LamaKatolika lalihlongoza ukunyathelisa incwajana yokuvuma ukuba necala kwalo ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe. Ngakho amaphaphu ayephezulu ngo-March 1998 lapho i-Vatican Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews ikhulula incwajana ethi We Remember: A Reflection on the Shoah.a
Nakuba abathile bayamukela le ncwajana, abaningi babengenelisekile ngalokho ekuqukethe. Kungani? Yini ababengayithandi?
Ukuzondwa KwamaJuda Nenkolo Yawo
Le ncwajana yaseVatican yenza umehluko phakathi kokuzonda inkolo yobuJuda, isonto elivumayo ukuthi linecala ngakho, nokubandlulula amaJuda, elikuphikayo. Abaningi bathola ukuthi lo mehluko ovezwayo nesiphetho oholela kuso akwanelisi. Urabi waseJalimane u-Ignatz Bubis wathi: “Kimina kubonakala sengathi lena indlela yokuthi akulona iphutha lethu; iphutha lomunye.”
Nakuba isazi-mlando sase-Italy esingumKatolika uGiorgio Vecchio sivuma ukuthi kunomehluko phakathi kokuzonda nokubandlulula amaJuda, siveza ukuthi “enye inkinga iwukungayiqondi indlela ukuzonda kwamaKatolika inkolo yobuJuda okungenzeka kwabangela ngayo ukubandlululwa kwamaJuda.” Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iphephandaba laseVatican i-L’Osservatore Romano, lika-November 22-23, 1895, lanyathelisa incwadi eyayithi: “Ngokuyisisekelo, noma imuphi umKatolika oqotho uyawabandlulula amaJuda: njengoba kunjalo nangabapristi, ngenxa yesibopho semfundiso nenkonzo yabo.”
Nokho, ingxenye yale ncwajana yaseVatican eyagxekwa kakhulu yayiwukululazwa kwezenzo zikaPius XII, owagcotshwa njengopapa ngaphambi kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II. UPius XII wayekhonze njengenxusa likapapa eJalimane kusukela ngo-1917 ukuya ku-1929.
Ukuthula KukaPius XII
Umahluleli wase-Italy uFrancesco Margiotta Broglio akazange acabange ukuthi le ncwajana “inikeza izici ezintsha noma ezichaza indaba eyimpikiswano enkulu ‘yokuthula’ kukaPapa Pius XII, ngokuzwelana kwakhe namaJalimane nezenzo zakhe zobuqili zokusebenzelana nombuso wamaNazi ngaphambi kokuba abe ngupapa nalapho esenguye.”
Abahlaziyi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu uyibheka kanjani le ncwajana ethi We Remember, umbuzo wokuthi kungani abaholi beSonto LamaKatolika bengazange bathi vú ngokuqothulwa kohlanga emakamu okuhlushwa amaNazi “awukaphendulwa.” Ngokwesazi-mlando saseMelika uGeorge Mosse, ngokukhetha ukungathi vú, uPius XII “wasindisa isonto kodwa walahla isigijimi salo sokuziphatha. Waziphatha njengomholi woMbuso, hhayi njengopapa.” Izingqapheli zaseVatican ezinolwazi zikholelwa ukuthi ubunzima bokuchaza indima eyafezwa uPius XII ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe yikona okwalibazisa ukukhululwa kwale ncwajana.
Ukuvikela kwale ncwajana uPapa Pius XII kuye kwacunula abaningi. U-Arrigo Levi uyabhala: “Ukungathintwa kwendaba ‘yokungathi vú kukapapa’ kwenza le ncwajana ibe edumazayo.” U-Elie Wiesel, owawina i-Nobel Prize for Peace ngo-1986, wathi: “Kimina kubonakala sengathi ukuma kwelokuthi thina maJuda kufanele sibonge uPius XII kuwubumbuka, uma sikubeka ngenhlonipho.”
Ukuzikhipha Ecaleni
Le ncwajana ichaza umehluko ongokwesiko owenziwa izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ezingamaKatolika, othi isonto njengenhlangano lingcwele futhi uNkulunkulu ulilondoloza ekwenzeni izono, kuyilapho amalungu esonto, ayizoni, enecala nganoma yibuphi ububi obenziwayo. Ikhomishane yaseVatican iyabhala: “Ukuqina okungokomoya ngokumelene nalesi senzo kanye nesinyathelo esicacile samanye amaKristu sasingekhona okwakungalindelwa kubalandeli bakaKristu. . . . [Abanjalo] babengaqinile ngokwanele ukuba babhikishe ngokusobala. . . . Sidabuka kakhulu ngamaphutha nokushiyeka kwalabo balandeli beSonto.”
Nokho, ukubeka icala amalungu esonto ngamanye kunokulivuma njengenhlangano kwabonakala kwabaningi kuyisinyathelo esiyiphutha, uma kuqhathaniswa nezicelo ezicacile zokuthethelelwa ezenziwe muva nje. Ngokwesibonelo, iSonto LamaRoma Katolika eFrance lakhipha “Isimemezelo Sokuphenduka,” licela intethelelo kuNkulunkulu nakumaJuda ngenxa “yokuzithela ngabandayo” kweSonto LamaKatolika lapho kushushiswa amaJuda ngaphansi kukahulumeni waseVichy, eFrance, phakathi nesikhathi sempi. Esitatimendeni esafundwa uMbhishobhi Omkhulu u-Olivier de Berranger, isonto lavuma ukuthi lavumela izithakazelo zalo “ukuba zifiphaze isibopho esingokweBhayibheli sokuhlonipha wonke umuntu odalwe ngomfanekiso kaNkulunkulu.”
Ngokwengxenye, lesi simemezelo sesiFulentshi sasithi: “Isonto kumelwe liqaphele ukuthi ukushushiswa kwamaJuda, futhi ikakhulukazi izinyathelo ezinhlobonhlobo zokulwa namaJuda ezagunyazwa izikhulu zaseVichy, zabangelwa ukuzithela ngabandayo ngaphezu kwentukuthelo. Abantu abaningi babethula, futhi bembalwa ababekhulumela izisulu. . . . Namuhla, siyavuma ukuthi lokhu kuthula kwakuyiphutha. Siyaqaphela nokuthi isonto eFrance lahluleka ukufeza ukuthunywa kwalo kokuba umfundisi wonembeza babantu.”
Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 kwenzeka isenzakalo esisabekayo se-Shoah, noma ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe, kodwa iSonto LamaKatolika alikawuvumi umlando walo—owawugcwele ukunqikaza nokuzithela ngabandayo. Kodwa kunabathile okungakaze kudingeke bathathe izinyathelo ezinjalo. OFakazi BakaJehova, iqembu elincane lenkolo elashushiswa kabi amaNazi, abazange bahlehle.
Njengoba kuye kwacaca kakhudlwana muva nje, ngokungefani namalungu esonto, oFakazi balulahla unya lwamaNazi. Futhi lokho abakwenzanga njengabantu ngabanye. Kwenziwa abakhulumeli babo nezincwadi zabo. Isazi-mlando uChristine King, esiyiphini likashansela waseStaffordshire University eNgilandi, sachaza: “OFakazi BakaJehova bakhuluma. Bakhuluma kusukela ekuqaleni. Bakhuluma ngazwi linye. Futhi bakhuluma ngesibindi esikhulu, esingafunda kuso sonke.”
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Elithi Shoah igama lesiHeberu elisho ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe, ukubulala kwamaNazi izinkulungwane zamaJuda, amaGypsy, abasePoland, amaSlav nabanye phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.
[Isithombe ekhasini 26]
UPapa Pius XII wathula phakathi nokuQothulwa Kwesizwe
[Umthombo]
U.S. Army photo