Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ukungaqondani Ngolimi

Iphephandaba i-European libika ukuthi ngo-1977 ukungezwani ngencazelo yegama elithile kwaba nesandla enhlekeleleni yendiza embi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Umshayeli wendiza i-747 waseNetherlands wathumela umyalezo owawuthi “usezosuka,” lowo umqondisi wezindiza waseTenerife, eCanary Islands, acabanga ukuthi wawusho ukuthi usamile. Nokho, umshayeli wendiza wayesho ukuthi indiza yayigijima endaweni esitshekelwe inkungu futhi yayisizosuka. Ngenxa yalokho, lendiza yashayisana nenye yohlobo lwe-747, kwafa abantu abangu-583. Ngokufanayo, ukungezwani ngolimi kwaba nengxenye ekungqubuzaneni kwezindiza emoyeni ngo-1996 ngaseDelhi, eNdiya, lapho kwafa khona abangu-349. Nakuba izingozi ezimbi zingavamile futhi abashayeli bezindiza bethola ukuqeqeshwa okunzulu ngesiNgisi esisetshenziswa ekushayeleni izindiza, abanye bazi amagama athile nje kuphela. Lapho kuphakama isimo esiphuthumayo, bangase bangazi ukuthi bathini. Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuba kufakwe ama-computer egumbini labashayeli bezindiza ukuze kube nokuxhumana okufanele kwezokundiza.

Ingabe UMbhoshongo WasePisa Otshekile Usuqinisiwe?

Ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka utsheke ngendlela ebonisa ukuthi wawuzowa nakanjani, kubonakala sengathi uMbhoshongo wasePisa otshekile usuqinisiwe ekugcineni—kusetshenziswa izingqimba zomthofu ezingamathani ayinkulungwane abekwe esisekelweni sawo. Lokhu kwamenyezelwa uProfesa Michele Jamialcowsky, umongameli wekhomishane yamazwe ngamazwe eqikelela ukuthi lombhoshongo uphephile. Iphephandaba lase-Italy i-Stampa lithi: “Nokho, inkinga yokuqina kwalombhoshongo isenkulu, njengoba ukutsheka kwawo ngamamitha amahlanu eminyakeni engamakhulu ayisikhombisa sekusengcupheni kakhulu.”

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Ezingekho Emthethweni Emhlabeni Wonke

Umbiko we-UN uthi izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni zakha amaphesenti angu-8 azo zonke izinto ezidayiswayo emhlabeni eziletha inzuzo elinganiselwa emaRandini ayizigidi zezigidi ezingu-1,8 ngonyaka. Lombiko onamakhasi angu-332 uwukuhlolwa kokuqala okunzulu kwethonya lezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni emhlabeni wonke. Ubonisa ukuthi abantu abangamaphesenti angaba ngu-2,5 emhlabeni—abantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-140—babhema insangu noma uhlobo oluvela kuyo okuthiwa i-hashish. Abangaba izigidi ezingu-30 basebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjenge-amphetamine, abayizigidi ezingu-13 basebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-cocaine, kanti abayizigidi ezingu-8 basebenzisa i-heroin. Nakuba abomthetho beye bathola izinkulungwane zamathani ensangu, i-cocaine, i-heroin ne-morphine, inani elikhulu lalokhu alikatholakali. Lombiko wathi amazinga okutholakala kwe-cocaine angaba amaphesenti angu-30 kanti awokutholakala kwe-heroin ayishumi kuya kwangu-15 kuphela. Ukuhweba ngezidakamizwa emhlabeni wonke kuseqophelweni eliphezulu kakhulu. UGiorgio Giacomelli, umqondisi-jikelele wohlelo lwe-UN lokunqandwa kwezidakamizwa, uthi: “Lenkinga isembulungeni yonke kangangokuthi izwe ngalinye alinakuyisingatha ngokwalo.”

Izifo Ezithelelwanayo Ziyabhebhetheka

“Phakathi naleminyaka engu-20 edlule, kuye kwaqubuka izifo ezingu-30 ezintsha shá futhi ezithelelwanayo,” kubika i-Nassauische Neue Presse. Eziningi zalezi zifo—njenge-Ebola, ingculaza nesifo sokusha kwesibindi sohlobo C—azinalo ikhambi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezithelelwanayo njengomalaleveva, ikholera nesifo sofuba nazo ziyabhebhetheka. Kungani? Ngokwe-World Health Organization (WHO), “izifo eziningi ziyaqubuka futhi ngoba amagciwane amaningi asemelana nemithi ehlukahlukene. Imbalwa imithi emisha eyenziwayo ngoba lenqubo imba eqolo ngempela.” Izama ukunqanda lesi simo, i-WHO inxuse ohulumeni nezinkampani ezithaka imithi ukuba “zitshale imali eyengeziwe ekusungulweni kwemithi emisha nezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe zokuxilonga izifo ezithelelwanayo.” Abantu ababulawa izifo ezithathelwanayo emhlabeni wonke ngo-1996 babeyizigidi ezingaba ngu-55.

“Ukubusa Kwesixuku”

Ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko, uHaim Shapiro, ilungu labahleli be-Jerusalem Post, ulandisa ngezenzakalo zango-March lapho oFakazi BakaJehova bahlaselwa khona ngamatshe nangezitini, kwagqekezwa futhi kwacekelwa phansi ihholo labo nezincwadi zabo zashiswa. Waphawula: “Lapho kuhlaselwa iSonto LamaKatolika eJaffa nyakenye, kwaba nokubhikisha ngokuphazima kweso—futhi ngesizathu esizwakalayo—kwa-Israyeli nakwamanye amazwe. Lapho leli hholo laseLod lihlaselwa, akukho noyedwa owathi vú.” Nakuba yena ‘engabathandi futhi engavumelani’ noFakazi BakaJehova, uShapiro ukhumbula ukuthi “babengelinye lamaqembu ashushiswa futhi athunyelwa emakamu okuhlushwa eJalimane lobuNazi.” Uyabhala: “Ukucabanga ukuthi umuntu angahlasela laba bantu, ngaphandle kokuthola isijeziso, acekele phansi indawo yabo yokukhulekela, futhi ashise izincwadi zabo kubangela ukwesaba okukhulu, futhi kusikhumbuza izenzakalo ezifanayo ezimbi emlandweni.”

Ukuncipha Kokuzinikela “Emzini Ongcwele”

Nakuba ibizwa ngokuthi umuzi ongcwele futhi inombhishobhi oyinhloko weSonto LamaKatolika, abantu baseRome abayithandi inkolo njengoba abanye bengase bacabange. Ngokokuhlolwa kwezwe lonke okwenziwa iThird University yaseRome, amaNtaliyane angaba amaphesenti ayishumi athi awanandaba “nakancane” nobuKristu, kodwa eRome leli nani lifinyelela emaphesentini angu-19. Iphephandaba i-Repubblica lithi abanye abantu baseRome abangamaphesenti angu-21 abanandaba “kangako” neSonto LamaKatolika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela kubo anesithakazelo esiqotho enkolweni. Ngokwesazi sezenhlalo uRoberto Cipriani, umuntu waseRome oyedwa kuphela kwabane oyilandela ngokuthembeka imithetho yesonto ephathelene nesimo sengqondo nokuziphatha.

I-TB Iyagadla ENdiya

Naphezu kwemizamo emikhulu yokunqanda igciwane lesifo sofuba (TB), i-World Health Organization (WHO) ithi umuntu omdala oyedwa kwababili eNdiya unalesi sifo. Iphephandaba i-Asian Age libika ukuthi phakathi kwabantu baseNdiya abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-900, abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili bangenwa i-TB unyaka ngamunye futhi ibulala abangaba ngu-500 000. Ngokwe-WHO, inani labangenwa yilesi sifo nabasengozini yokusithola likhulu ngempela. Akukhona nje ukuthi labo abangenwa i-TB babhekana nenkinga yokubekezelela ukugula ekubangelayo; kumelwe futhi baphile nedumela elibi elivame ukuhambisana nalesi sifo. Lokhu kungaholela ekubeni bangamukeleki komakhelwane, kubaqashi nasezisebenzini abakanye nazo. Abalobokazi abasebasha abatholwa bene-TB ngokuvamile baphindiselwa ekhaya kuthiwe abakufanelekeli ukuzala.

Igundane Elihle?

“Idumela lamagundane alilihle,” kusho i-Wall Street Journal. “Avele ahambe uma kunzima, ahlala emfucumfucwini—futhi afuna ngisho nezikhundla emphakathini.” Kodwa uRattie uhlukile, igundane elihlolwayo lesazi se-biophysics uJudy Reavis. URattie uye wasiza ekuqondiseni izintambo zama-computer ezingamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezikoleni ukuze kufakwe izimiso zama-computer eziyinxanxathela. I-Journal iyachaza: “Ebambe intambo ngamazinyo, uRattie udlula phakathi kwemishayo nemihubhe esezindongeni, ngaphansi kwesakhiwo nasophahleni olungaphakathi. Kwenziwa imisindo futhi kubekwe ipuleti lokudla okwehl’esiphundu ukuze akwazi ukuthola indawo azophuma kuyo. Lapho eqhamuka, intambo ayidonsayo isetshenziselwa ukudonsa izintambo zama-computer emzileni omazombezombe ahambe ngawo.” URattie usengusaziwayo futhi unengosi nengoma “eqanjwe” nguye kuyi-Internet. Uma kungenzeka afe ngokungazelele, “sizoqeqesha elinye,” kusho uDkt. Reavis. “Phela, yigundane nje.”

Ukucwiywa Kwamantombazane Nokuthola Abantwana Kwentsha

“Amantombazane angaba izigidi ezimbili ayacwiywa minyaka yonke,” kusho uhlelo luka-1996 lwe-Progress of Nations, incwadi ye-United Nations Children’s Fund ephathelene nempilo, ukondleka nemfundo yezingane. “Amazwe aseGibithe, eKenya, eNigeria, eSomalia, eSudan naseTopiya anamaphesenti angu-75 alezi zenzakalo. EDjibouti naseSomalia, amantombazane angu-98% ayacwiywa.” Ngaphandle kobuhlungu, lokhu kuhlinzwa kungabangela izifo, ukopha okunganqamuki, ukuvaleka kwenzalo nokufa. Lombiko uthi: “Ukucwiywa akuyona imfuneko yanoma iyiphi inkolo. Kuyisiko elihloselwe ukulondoloza ubumsulwa, liqinisekise umshado futhi linqande ukuziphatha kobulili.” Amaqembu nezinhlangano ezikhathalela amalungelo abesifazane nenhlalakahle yezingane acindezela ohulumeni ukuba bawenqabele lomkhuba.

Umbiko wesibili ubonisa ukuthi emazweni amaningi ukuthola abantwana kwentsha kuyinkinga eqhubekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States izinga liphakeme kunawo wonke emazweni asethuthukile: amantombazane angu-64 kwangu-1000 aneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-19 ubudala athola abantwana. EJapane kunezinga eliphansi kunawo wonke lamantombazane amane ngonyaka. Lokhu kuthola abantwana kwentsha akuphazamisi intuthuko, imfundo, namathuba owesifazane osemusha kuphela kodwa kungase kubangele nezinsana izinkinga, njengokunakekelwa okungekuhle, ubumpofu nesimo senhlalo esingazinzile.