Ukubuka Okwezwe
Ukusuka Edolobheni Uyohlala Emapulazini
Likhathele ukucindezeleka nendlela yokuphila esheshayo yasedolobheni, inani elincane kodwa elandayo labantu baseJapane liyasuka emadolobheni liyohlala emapulazini. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi kulula ukuphila emaphandleni ezimweni ezizungezile ezingokwemvelo, ukushintshela kuleyo ndlela yokuphila kunezinkinga zako. I-Asiaweek ithi: “Abalimi abaningi abasha baye bashiya amaholo amahle, ukuphila okungcono kwasemadolobheni futhi mhlawumbe nedumela lokuba ingxenye yenkampane edumile.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, “labo abaphendukele ekuphileni kwasemaphandleni bayavuma ukuthi kudingeka banciphise izindleko zabo, nokuthi ngezinye izikhathi bayaphoqeleleka ukuba banezele inzuzo abayithola esivunweni ngemisebenzi emincane.” Kodwa ukuze abantu abahlala emadolobheni abazimisele ukwenza lolu shintsho basizwe bazivumelanise ngokuphumelelayo nokuphila kwasemaphandleni, uMnyango Wezolimo uye wamisa i-Farming Preparatory School.
Isonto Lamukela Umfundisi Oshintshe Ubulili
E-United States, umfundisi waseHabe uye wavunyelwa ukuba aqhubeke engumfundisi ngemva kokuhlinzwa eshintshwa ubulili. Lesi sinqumo senziwa lapho u-Eric Swenson oneminyaka engu-49 ubudala ecela iSigungu SaseHabe Sesifunda-bhishobhi Sase-Atlanta (eGeorgia) ukuba sishintshe igama lakhe libe u-Erin ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuba akhishwe izitho zakhe zobulili. I-Christian Century iyabika: “U-Anne Sayre, oyisekela lomphathi wezobulungisa nezabesifazane esigungwini saseHabe, waphawula ukuthi lesi sigungu saba ‘nobunzima obukhulu’ kodwa sanquma ukuthi ‘sasingenazizathu ezingokwenkolo noma ezingokokuziphatha’ zokunqabela ukugcotshwa.” Kodwa uDon Wade, umfundisi owamelana nesicelo sikaSwenson, wathi “akuzange kuxoxiswane kabanzi ngezinto ezithinta ubufundisi.”
Imigqa Yezidladla Zama-koala Efana Neyeminwe Yomuntu
Usosayensi wase-Australia uthi imigqa yezidladla zama-koala ifana ncamashí neyeminwe yomuntu. UProfesa Maciej Henneberg, oyisazi sezinto eziphilayo futhi onguchwepheshe ocubungulayo wase-University of Adelaide, uthi: “Ngisho nesibonakhulu sokuhlaziya asikwazi ukubona umehluko.” Okufanayo akukhona ukuma kwezidladla ze-koala kodwa ukuma kwesikhumba sazo—ukuma kwemigqa, imivingqi nokusongana kwemigqa ezintendeni zezidladla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa yeminwe neyezinzwane ihlukile kuyi-koala ngayinye, njengoba ihlukile nakubantu.
Ingabe Isehlukaniso Siyafundwa?
“Imibhangqwana enabazali abahlukanisile inethuba elikhulu lokuba imishado yayo ihlukane kunemibhangqwana enabazali abasashadile,” kubika i-Sydney Morning Herald yase-Australia. UProfesa Paul Amato wase-University of Nebraska, e-United States, “wahlola amaMelika ashadile angaba ngu-2000 iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12” futhi ngokwaleli phepha, wathola ukuthi “izingane zabazali abahlukanisile ‘zingazuza’ amakhono amabi okwakha ubuhlobo nokuziphatha okuwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuba imishado yazo iphele ngesehlukaniso.” Le-Herald yaphawula: “Lapho bobabili abangane bomshado benabazali abahlukanisile, ingozi yokuwohloka komshado iphakeme ngamaphesenti angu-300 kunasemibhangqwaneni enabazali abasahlala ndawonye.”
Ukuxolisa Ngemva Kweminyaka Engu-500
Ngo-1496, iNkosi uManuel I yasePortugal yakhipha umyalo oya kumaJuda ahlala esifundeni sayo owawuthi: Yibani amaRoma Katolika, noma niphume niphele. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-500 kamuva, ngo-1988, iPortugal yaxolisa ngokusemthethweni. Muva nje, esikhumbuzweni esinesizotha, iPortugal yaxolisa. Ngokombiko we-Associated Press, umongameli wasePortugal, uJorge Sampaio, enkulumweni yakhe ePhalamende wathi lokhu kuxoshwa “kwakuyisenzo esibi kakhulu esinemiphumela ejulile futhi eyinhlekelele.” UNgqongqoshe Wezobulungisa uJosé Eduardo Vera Jardim wabiza lokhu kuxoshwa ngokuthi “inkathi embi kakhulu yomlando wethu.” Wanezela ngokuthi uhulumeni kufanele “uxolise” kumaJuda ngenxa yamakhulu eminyaka “oshushiso olunonya.” Nakuba inani labantu basePortugal manje lingaba izigidi eziyishumi, amaJuda ashisekayo angaba yinkulungwane kuphela ahlala khona.
Qaphela Imithi Yokwelapha Ewumgunyathi
Njengoba lingenisa imali engaba amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-75 ngonyaka, ibhizinisi lemithi yokwelapha ewumgunyathi liyachuma. Ngokwephephandaba laseParis i-Monde, “i-World Health Organization (WHO) ilinganisela ukuthi okungenani amaphesenti angu-7 emithi yokwelapha athengiswa emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka awumgunyathi.” EBrazil leli nani kungenzeka liphakeme ngamaphesenti angu-30, futhi e-Afrika ngamaphesenti angu-60. Imithi yokwelapha ewumgunyathi ingaba imithi engenamandla efana nomkhiqizo wangempela kuya emithini eyize leze noma ngisho enobuthi. I-Monde ibhekisela esifweni solwelwesi lobuchopho esabheduka eNiger, lapho izinkulungwane zagonywa khona ngalokho kamuva okwatholakala ukuthi kwakungamanzi avamile. Kanti eNigeria, kwafa abantwana abangu-109 lapho benikezwa uketshezi oluqeda amakhaza. Leli phephandaba lithi “izibhedlela nazo ngokuvamile ziphendukela kuleli bhizinisi lomgunyathi ngoba zithola kulo imikhiqizo ngentengo ephansi.” Emazweni amaningi iziphathimandla zezempilo zinobunzima bokuthola ikhambi lalenkinga ngenxa yemithetho engaphumeleli noma eyonakele.
Izinkinga Ezengeziwe Zabefundisi
Ababhishobhi bama-Episcopal abangaba ngu-40 basayina incwadi ngo-November 1996 becela leli sonto ukuba “limise izindinganiso ezicacile futhi ezibophayo ngokuqondene nokuziphatha kwabefundisi ngokobulili,” kubika umagazini i-Christianity Today. Leli sonto liye lazanyazanyiswa amahlazo amaningi ahilela abefundisi, lawo abasadla ngoludala abathi abangelwa “ukuhluleka kwesonto ukuba nemfundiso ecacile ngokuziphatha ngokobulili.” Ngokwesibonelo, umphathi wesonto lama-Episcopal eBrooklyn, eNew York, wesula emsebenzini ngemva kokuvuma ukuthi uhileleke ebuhlotsheni bobungqingili. UTodd Wetzel, umqondisi ophethe i-Episcopalians United, wathi: “Leli sonto alibhekene nehlazo elilodwa. Libhekene namaningi, leli okungelishaqisa kunawo wonke.” Ngaphambili, leli sonto laba undab’uzekwayo lapho limangalela umbhishobhi osathatha umhlalaphansi uWalter Righter ngokuhlubuka ngenxa yokugcoba igosa elingungqingili. Leli cala lachithwa ngemva kokuba “inkantolo yama-Episcopal inqume ukuthi leli hlelo lalingenayo ‘imfundiso eyisisekelo’ elinganisela ubulili emshadweni.”
Umoya Onephunga Likagaliki
Muva nje uhulumeni waseTaiwan uye wathatha izinyathelo ezintsha zokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kukagaliki. I-South China Morning Post ithi abaphathi baye bakhuthaza umphakathi ukuba “udle ugaliki kakhulu.” Isikhulu saseTaiwan eMkhandlwini Wezolimo, uMnu. Ku Te-yeh, sachaza: “Empeleni sitshalé ugaliki omningi kulonyaka.” Ukuze uzame ukukhuthaza ukudliwa kukagaliki, uhulumeni unyathelisa incwajana enezindlela zokuwupheka. Nokho, leli phepha lithi uMnu. Ku wavuma ukuthi “umphakathi akulindelekile ukuba uyidle uyishaye uyibhuqe lenkinga.”
Ukuvalwa Inzalo Kwabesifazane Kuyanda
Phakathi nawo-1960 umkhaya ngamunye ovamile waseBrazil wawunesilinganiso sabantwana esingu-6,1; namuhla yisilinganiso sabantwana abangu-2,5. Kungani kunokwehla okukhulu kangaka? Ngokokuhlola kwe-Applied Economy Research Institute, esinye isizathu siwukuthi “abesifazane abashadile abangu-40% [eBrazil] baye bavalwa inzalo,” kusho i-Jornal do Brasil. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhuba ovamile uwukuthi abesifazane bavalwe inzalo besebasha. Ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso sobudala owesifazane waseBrazil ayevalwa ngaso inzalo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule sasingu-34; namuhla singu-29. Lokhu kuhlola kwaphawula futhi ukuthi “okuningi kwalokhu kuvalwa inzalo kwenziwa phakathi nokubeletha,” ikakhulukazi kwababeletha ngokuhlinzwa. Ngokuphambene, amaphesenti angu-2,6 kuphela amadoda aseBrazil aye avuma ukuvalwa inzalo.
Impi Yezinhlanzi
Izikebhe eziningi kakhulu eziphangelana ngezinhlanzi ezinciphayo “ziye zabangela izingxabano ezishubile phakathi kwemikhumbi yokudoba nemikhumbi yempi,” kusho i-U.S.News & World Report. Ngo-1990 inani lemikhumbi yokudoba emhlabeni wonke lenyuka laba izigidi ezingaba zintathu, okuyinani elicishe liphindeke kabili kunelango-1970. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokudoba zesimanje, njengodobo lokuthungatha izinhlanzi namanetha okudoba amakhulu, ziye zakwandisa kakhulu ukuphumelela kwabadobi. “Umphumela uwukuthi ohulumeni bamazwe asogwini balwa njalo nemikhumbi yangaphandle” njengoba bezama ukuvikela izinhlanzi zabo ezinciphayo. Phakathi neminyaka emibili edlule kuphela, izinxushunxushu zasolwandle zombango phakathi kwabadobi ziye zaphumela ekufeni kwabadobi abangu-8.