Ukuxhashazwa Kwezingane Ngokobulili—Inkinga Yomhlaba Wonke

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! ESWEDEN

Umphakathi wesintu unyakaziswa isimo esishaqisayo sokuxhashazwa kwezingane ngezinga nangendlela ebingandile kwaze kwaba seminyakeni yamuva nje. Ukuze bathole abangakwenza ngakho, abameleli bamazwe angu-130 bahlangana eStockholm, eSweden, kuyi-World Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children yokuqala. Umlobeli we-Phaphama! eSweden naye wayekhona.

LAPHO uMagdalen eneminyaka engu-14, wayengelwa ekwenzeni umsebenzi “wokunakekela izihambeli” zasenkantini eManila, ePhilippines. Empeleni, umsebenzi wakhe wawuhilela ukungenisa amakhasimende abesilisa ekamelweni elincane abese ehlubula ukuze axhashazwe ngokobulili—abesilisa abalinganiselwa ku-15 ngobusuku obubodwa nabangu-30 ngeMigqibelo. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho ethi wayengasenakukwenza lokho, umqashi wakhe wayemphoqelela ukuba aqhubeke. Wayevame ukuphuma ngehora lesine ekuseni emsebenzini, ekhathele, ezizwa ecindezelekile futhi elusizi.

USareoun wayengumfanyana oyintandane ohlala emgwaqweni ePhnom Penh, eCambodia. Wayenogcunsula futhi kwakwaziwa ukuthi ‘wayezikhipha’ nabantu bakwamanye amazwe. Wanikwa indawo yokuhlala kuyi-pagoda, lapho ‘ayezonakekelwa’ owayeyindela. Nokho, lendoda yamxhaphaza ngokobulili futhi yamenza watholakalela ukuba nobuhlobo bobulili nabantu bakwamanye amazwe. Lapho i-pagoda uSareoun ayehlala kuyo idilizwa, waqala ukuhlala nobabekazi wakhe kodwa wayesaphoqelelwa ukuba asebenze emgwaqweni.

Lezi kumane kungezimbili zezibonelo zezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu ezasingathwa i-World Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children ekupheleni konyaka odlule. Usakazeke kangakanani lomkhuba? Uhilela amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezingane—eqinisweni, abanye bathi izigidi. Esinye isihambeli safingqa lenkinga ngokuthi: “Izingane ziyathengwa bese zithengiswa njengezinto ezizuzisayo ngokobulili nangokomnotho. Kuthengiselwana ngazo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemingcele yezwe njengezinto ezishushumbiswayo, zivalelwe ezakhiweni zezifebe bese ziphoqelelwa ukuba zivume ukuxhashazwa ngokobulili abaxhaphazi abaningi.”

Enkulumweni yakhe yokuvula lombuthano, undunankulu waseSweden, uGöran Persson, wachaza lokhu kuxhaphaza ngokuthi “uhlobo lobelelesi olunonya, olunobudlova nolwenyanyeka kunazo zonke.” Ummeleli weZizwe Ezihlangene wathi lokhu “ukuhlaselwa kwezingane ngezindlela eziningi . . . , kwenyanyeka ngokuphelele futhi kuwukweqiwa okukhulu kwamalungelo abantu ongase ukucabange.” Amazwi amaningi anjalo okuthukuthelela ukuxhashazwa kwezingane ngokobulili azwakaliswa endaweni yesikhulumi kuyo yonke ingqungquthela njengoba kwakucatshangelwa izinga, uhlobo, izimbangela nemiphumela yakho.

Enye incwadi yathi: “Izinga lakho lidlulela ngalé kwemingcele yezwe, umphumela wakho udlulela ngalé kwesizukulwane.” Enye yathi: “Kucatshangwa ukuthi unyaka ngamunye izingane ezilinganiselwa esigidini zingena emakethe engemthetho yezigidigidi zamadollar yokuhweba ngobulili.” Kube namuphi umphumela? “Umuzwa wezingane wesithunzi, ukuzazisa nowokuzihlonipha uyalulazwa futhi ziphelelwa ukwethemba abanye. Impilo yazo engokomzimba nengokomzwelo ibekwa engozini, amalungelo azo ayeqiwa nekusasa lazo lifakwa engozini.”

Ezinye Izimbangela

Yiziphi ezinye izimbangela zokwanda okukhulu kwalenkinga? Kuye kwathiwa ezinye izingane “ziphoqelelwa izimo ukuba zibe izifebe, njengendlela yokuphila emigwaqweni, ukuze zisize ekondleni imikhaya yakubo, noma ukuze zikhokhele izingubo zokugqoka nokunye. Ezinye ziyengwa imifanekiso enamandla yabathengi kwezokukhangisa.” Ezinye zisathunjwa futhi ziphoqelelwe ukuba zibe izifebe. Phakathi kwezimbangela, kwabalwa ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha kuyo yonke indawo, kanye nomuzwa ovamile wokuphelelwa ithemba.

Amantombazane nabafana abaningi bahileleka ebhizinisini lobulili ngenxa yokuxhashazwa emkhayeni—ubudlova nobuhlobo bobulili nezihlobo ekhaya kubaphoqelela ukuba babalekele emgwaqweni. Lapho, basengozini yokuxhashazwa abanukubeza izingane ngokobulili kanye nabanye, futhi kubonakala sengathi ngisho nangamaphoyisa athile. Umbiko ophathelene nalenkinga onesihloko esithi Kids for Hire ukhuluma ngoKatia oneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, waseBrazil. Lapho ebanjwa iphoyisa, lamphoqelela ukuba enze izenzo ezingcolile futhi lamsongela ngokubulala umkhaya wakubo uma engatshela isikhulu samaphoyisa. Ngosuku olulandelayo labuya nabanye besilisa abahlanu, bonke ababefuna abenzele inkonzo efanayo yobulili.

I-Children’s Ombudsman, inhlangano yaseSweden, yatshela izihambeli: “Lapho sekucwaningiwe ukuthi yini ebangela izingane ukuba zibe izifebe, akungabazeki ukuthi uhambo lokubuka amazwe [ngenjongo yobulili] lungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu.” Umbiko wathi: “Ukwenyuka okungakholeki kwenani lezingane eziyizifebe kuleminyaka eyishumi edlule kubangelwa ngokuqondile ibhizinisi lezokuvakasha. Into entsha esetshenziselwa ukuheha izivakashi izifebe zezingane ezitholakala emazweni asathuthuka.” “Ukuvakasha ngenjongo yobulili” kusuka eYurophu, e-United States, eJapane nakwezinye izindawo kwenza kube nesidingo esikhulu sezifebe zezingane emhlabeni wonke. Inkampani ethile yezindiza yaseYurophu yasebenzisa umdwebo wengane ebukisa ngobulili ngendlela eyingcaca ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuvakasha ngenjongo yobulili. Unyaka ngamunye izinkampani zezohambo zihlelela izinkulungwane uhambo lokuvakasha ngenjongo yobulili.

Futhi ohlwini olude lwezimbangela kunokukhuthazwa kwebhizinisi lobulili bezingane okwenziwa ezizweni zonke ngendlela entsha yobuchwepheshe. I-Internet, kuhlanganise nobunye ubuchwepheshe bama-computer obuhlobene nayo, kubikwa ukuthi iwumthombo omkhulu kunayo yonke wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Imishini yama-video ebiza kancane nayo iye yenza kwaba lula ukukhiqizwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zezingane.

Bangobani?

Iningi labantu abadala elixhaphaza izingane ngokobulili lingabanukubezi bezingane. Umnukubezi wezingane ukhangwa izingane ngokobulili ngendlela ehlanekezelwe. Ngokwe-Children’s Ombudsman yaseSweden, “abawona ngempela amakhehla angamadixa agqoke amajazi emvula noma uhlobo lwamadoda anobudlova. Umnukubezi ovamile ungowesilisa ofundile oseminyakeni ephakathi, ngokuvamile onguthisha wezingane, udokotela, isisebenzi sezenhlalakahle noma umpristi.”

Iqembu laseSweden laveza isibonelo sikaRosario, intombazane eneminyaka engu-12 yasePhilippines eyaxhashazwa ngokobulili isivakashi esibuka amazwe ngenjongo yobulili, esingudokotela wase-Austria. Isenzo saso sokuxhaphaza saphumela ekufeni kukaRosario.

UCarol Bellamy, umqondisi ongumphathi we-UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) eGeneva, washo okulandelayo ngalentombazane eneminyaka engu-12 yasePhilippines: “Ngokuvamile kuba nguye kanye umuntu omdala onikwe ilungelo lokunakekela nokuvikela izingane ovumela futhi abhebhezele lomkhuba ongabekezeleleki. Kunothisha, izazi zezempilo, amaphoyisa, izazi zezombangazwe namalungu abefundisi abasebenzisa isithunzi sabo negunya ukuze baxhaphaze izingane ngokobulili.”

Inkolo Ihilelekile

Ummeleli weSonto LamaRoma Katolika engqungqutheleni yaseStockholm wamemezela ukuthi ukuxhashazwa kwezingane “kuyicala elenyanyeka kunawo wonke” futhi “kuwumphumela wokuhlanekezelwa okujulile nokuwohloka kwezindinganiso.” Nokho, lomkhuba uye walithinta kakhulu iSonto LamaKatolika phakathi kwabefundisi balo.

Kuyi-Newsweek ka-August 16, 1993, indaba eyayinesihloko esithi “Priests and Abuse [Abapristi Nokuxhaphaza]” yabika “ngehlazo labefundisi elibi kunawo wonke emlandweni wanamuhla weSonto LamaKatolika lase-United States.” Yathi: “Nakuba kuye kwamangalelwa isilinganiso sabapristi abangu-400 kusukela ngo-1982, abanye abantu besonto baveza ukuthi abapristi abafinyelela ku-2500 baye banukubeza izingane nentsha eyeve eshumini nambili. . . . Ngaphezu kwemali, leli hlazo liye lalihlazisa kakhulu leli sonto—namanye amagunya alo okuziphatha.” Nezinye izinkolo emhlabeni wonke zisesimweni esifanayo.

URay Wyre wase-United Kingdom, osebenza ngamacala obulili watshela ingqungquthela yaseStockholm ngabafana ababili abaxhashazwa umpristi ngonya. Omunye walabo bafana manje ungumqondisi wesikhungo esisebenza ngezingane eziyizisulu zokuxhashazwa abapristi kanti omunye ungumxhaphazi ngokwakhe.

UMettanando Bhikkhu, isazi esingumBuddha saseThailand, sabika ukuthi “ezinye izinhlobo zemikhuba yobuBuddha zinecala ekuxhashazweni kwezingane ngokobulili ngenxa yenzuzo yemali eThailand emazingeni amaningana. Emadolobhaneni endawo eThailand, izindela ngezinye izikhathi ziye zazuza emalini enikelwa emphakathini izingane eziye zaphoqelelwa ebufebeni.”

Yini Engenziwa?

UDkt. Julia O’Connell Davidson, waseLeicester University e-United Kingdom, wamema lengqungquthela ukuba ibekele inselele izizathu abaxhaphazi abathethelela ngazo izenzo zabo. Abaxhaphazi ngokuvamile bagxila ekuziphatheni okuxekethile nokubi abacabanga ukuthi ingane inakho, begcizelela ukuthi ingane ingcolile futhi yonakele kakade. Abanye abaxhaphazi basebenzisa ukumangalela okuhlanekezelwe nokungamanga kokuthi izenzo zabo ngeke ziyilimaze ingane futhi isuke izuzile.

Iqembu elalidingida udaba lokuvakasha ngenjongo yobulili lasikisela ukuba kulwiswane nakho ngemfundo ehlanganiswa ohlelweni lwezifundo lwesikole. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaziswa okumelene nokuxhashazwa kwezingane ngokobulili kufanele kufinyelele izihambi kulo lonke uhambo—ngaphambi kokusuka, phakathi nohambo nalapho sekufikiwe lapho kuyiwa khona.

Ngokuphathelene nezindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana zobuchwepheshe, leli qembu lasikisela ukuthi kufanele izizwe zinikezwe iziqondiso zokugwema izinto ezixhaphaza izingane. Kwacatshangelwa ukuba kusungulwe inhlangano yezizwe zonke ezovumelanisa lokho okwenziwayo kulomkhakha. Elinye iqembu lasikisela ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zobulili zezingane ezivela kuyi-computer kanye nokuba nezithombe ezinjalo kufanele kwenziwe kube icala elinesijeziso esimiswe ngokomthetho kuwo wonke amazwe.

Yini engenziwa abazali? Iqembu elidingida indima yezokukhangisa lasikisela ukuthi abazali kumelwe babe nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela izingane zabo. Lathi: “Abazali abanakuziqondisa kuphela izingane zabo njengoba ziqala ukusebenzisa izinto zokuxhumana kodwa kumelwe banikeze ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, incazelo nemithombo yokwaziswa ehlukahlukene ukuze balinganisele umphumela wezinto zokuxhumana futhi basize ingane ukuba ikhule ekuqondeni.”

Uhlelo lwe-TV eSweden olwalubika ngalengqungquthela lwagcizelela isidingo sokuba abazali baziqaphe kakhudlwana izingane zabo futhi baziqaphelise ngezingozi. Nokho, lweluleka: “Ungamane nje uxwayise izingane ‘ngamakhehla angcolile,’ ngoba izingane . . . zisuke zicabange ukuthi kufanele ziqaphele amakhehla angamadixa, kuyilapho owenza amacala anjalo kungase kube umuntu ogqoke kahle inyufomu noma isudi ecocekile. Ngakho, zixwayise ngezihambi eziba nesithakazelo esingavamile kuzo.” Yiqiniso, izingane kufanele zixwayiswe—futhi zinxuswe ukuba zibikele abantu abadala—nganoma imuphi umuntu osondela kuzo ngokungafanele, kuhlanganise nabantu ezibaziyo.

Okuwukuphela Kwekhambi

Lokho ingqungquthela yaseStockholm engakwazanga ukukusikisela kwakuyizindlela zokunqoba izimbangela zokuxhashazwa kwezingane ngokobulili. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha kuyo yonke indawo; ukwanda kobugovu nokuhahela izinto ezibonakalayo; ukungahlonishwa okwandayo kwemithetho eyenzelwe ukuvikela abantu esimweni sokungabi nabulungisa; ukwanda kokushaywa indiva kwenhlalakahle, isithunzi nokuphila kwabanye; ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwelungiselelo lomkhaya; ubumpofu obusakazeke kabanzi ngenxa yokuminyana kwabantu, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukuthuthela emadolobheni nakwamanye amazwe; ukubandlululwa okwandayo kwabantu bakwamanye amazwe nababaleki; ukukhiqizwa nokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa okuqhubeka kwanda; ukonakala kwemibono engokwenkolo, imikhuba namasiko.

Nakuba ukuxhashazwa kwezingane ngokobulili kushaqisa, ububi obunjalo abubamangazi abafundi beBhayibheli abacophelelayo. Kungani kunjalo? Ngoba manje siphila kulokho iBhayibheli elikubiza ngokuthi ‘izinsuku zokugcina’ futhi ngokweZwi likaNkulunkulu, zifikile “izikhathi ezibucayi okunzima ukubhekana nazo.” (2 Thimothewu 3:1-5, 13) Ngakho ingabe kuyamangaza ukuthi ukuziphatha kuye kwasuka kokubi kwaya kokubi kakhulu?

Nokho, iBhayibheli likhomba phambili kokuwukuphela kwekhambi lezinkinga ezinkulu zezwe—ukuhlanza ngokuphelele kukaNkulunkulu uMninimandla Onke. Maduze nje uzobonakalisa amandla akhe futhi asuse bonke labo abasemhlabeni abangenzi ngokuvumelana nezimiso nemithetho yakhe yokulunga: “Abaqotho bayakuhlala ezweni, abapheleleyo basale kulo. Kepha ababi bayakunqunywa ezweni.”—IzAga 2:21, 22; 2 Thesalonika 1:6-9.

Labo ‘abayokunqunywa’ bayohlanganisa bonke abenza izingane zibe izifebe nabantu abonakele abaxhaphaza izingane. IZwi likaNkulunkulu lithi: “Izifebe . . . noma iziphingi . . . noma amadoda alala namadoda [noma nabafana] . . . ngeke bawuzuze njengefa umbuso kaNkulunkulu.” (1 Korinte 6:9, 10) Lenezela ukuthi “labo abanengekayo ekungcoleni kwabo . . . nezifebe” bayokwabelwa “ukufa kwesibili”—ukubhujiswa okuphakade.—IsAmbulo 21:8.

UNkulunkulu uyohlanza umhlaba alethe isimiso sezinto esisha nesilunge ngokuphelele, “amazulu amasha nomhlaba omusha.” (2 Petru 3:13) Khona-ke, kulowo mhlaba omusha owenziwe nguye, abantu abonakele ngeke baphinde basizakale ngalabo abangenalwazi. Futhi ngeke labo abangenalwazi baphinde besabe ukuba izisulu, ngoba “akakho oyakubesabisa.”—Mika 4:4.

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 12]

“Uhlobo lobelelesi olunonya nolwenyanyeka kunazo zonke.”

—Undunankulu waseSweden

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 13]

“Isonto ngalinye, abesilisa abayizigidi eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nambili bavakashela izifebe eziyizingane.”

—I-Economist, eLondon

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 14]

Ukuvakasha ngenjongo yobulili kuyimbangela enkulu yokuxhashazwa kwezingane ngokobulili emazweni asathuthuka

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 13]

Ukuvakasha Ngenjongo Yobulili—Ngani?

(Ezinye izizathu ezenza izivakashi ezibuka amazwe zibe nobuhlobo bobulili nezingane)

(1) Ukungaziwa okujatshulelwa isivakashi esibuka amazwe kusikhulula emigoqweni yenhlalakahle yekhaya

(2) Ngenxa yokungaluqondi kahle noma ukungaluqondi kwanhlobo ulimi lwendawo, izivakashi ezibuka amazwe zingakhohliswa kalula ukuba zikholelwe ukuthi ukukhokhela ubuhlobo bobulili nengane kwamukelekile noma kuyindlela yokusiza izingane ziphume ebumpofwini

(3) Isimo sengqondo sokucwasa izinhlanga senza izivakashi zixhaphaze abanye ezibabheka njengabantu abaphansi

(4) Izivakashi zizizwa zicebile uma zibona ukuthi izinkonzo zobulili zibiza kancane emazweni asathuthuka

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 15]

Inkinga Esemhlabeni Wonke

(Okulandelayo ukulinganisela okwenziwe iziphathimandla zikahulumeni nezinye izinhlangano)

EBrazil: Okungenani kunezifebe zezingane ezingu-250 000

ECanada: Izinkulungwane zamantombazane eve eshumini nambili zenziwa izifebe amaqembu ahleliwe ahweba ngezifebe

EChina: Kunezingane ezisuka ku-200 000 kuya ku-500 000 ezenziwe izifebe. Eminyakeni yamuva amantombazane aseChina angaba ngu-5000 aye ayengelwa ukuba eqe umngcele futhi athengiswa njengezifebe eMyanmar

EColombia: Inani lezingane ezixhashazwa ngokobulili emigwaqweni yaseBogotá liye laphindeka kahlanu eminyakeni engu-7 edlule

EMozambique: Izinhlangano ezisizayo zisola ibutho lokugcina ukuthula le-UN ngokuxhaphaza izingane ngokobulili

EMpumalanga Yurophu: Kunezingane zasemgwaqweni ezingu-100 000. Eziningi zithunyelwa ezindlini zezifebe eNtshonalanga Yurophu

EMyanmar: Unyaka ngamunye amantombazane nabesifazane abangu-10 000 bayiswa ezindlini zezifebe eThailand

ENdiya: Izingane ezingu-400 000 zihileleke ebhizinisini lobulili

EPhilippines: Kuhileleke izingane ezingu-40 000

ESri Lanka: Izingane ezingu-10 000 eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-6 nengu-14 ziyagqilazwa ezindlini zezifebe futhi ezingu-5000 ezineminyaka ephakathi kweyishumi neyishumi nesishiyagalombili zisebenza ngazodwa ezindaweni ezihanjelwa izivakashi ezibuka amazwe

ETaiwan: Kuhileleke izingane ezingu-30 000

EThailand: Kuhileleke izingane ezingu-300 000

E-United States: Imithombo engokomthetho ikhuluma ngezingane ezingaphezu kuka-100 000 ezihilelekile