“Thula Dú Ulalele!”
Ukubekezelela I-attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
“Sonke lesi sikhathi, uJim wayethi uCal wayetotoswa futhi ethi ukuba thina—empeleni esho mina—sasimjezisa, wayezoba ngcono. Manje nangu udokotela esitshela ukuthi kwakungelona iphutha lami, kwakungelona iphutha lethu, kwakungelona iphutha lothisha bakaCal: empeleni kukhona okwakungahambi kahle endodaneni yethu.”
UCAL uphethwe i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ukukhubazeka okuphawuleka ngokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, ukuba namawala nokungahlaliseki. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi lokhu kukhubazeka kuphatha abantwana abasezingeni lokufunda esikoleni abangamaphesenti amathathu kuya kwamahlanu. “Imiqondo yabo injengama-TV anezinkinobho zeziteshi ezingasebenzi kahle,” kusho uchwepheshe wezokufunda uPriscilla L. Vail. “Imicabango iyashintshashintsha, ngaphandle kokuhleleka nokuqondiswa.”
Ake sicabangele kafushane izimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-ADHD.
Ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo: Umntwana one-ADHD akakwazi ukukhipha imininingwane engabalulekile abese egxila endabeni eyodwa. Ngaleyo ndlela, zimphazamisa kalula izinto eziseceleni azibonayo, imisindo ayizwayo, nephunga alihogelayo. Uyayigxilisa ingqondo, kodwa akukho neyodwa into ayibambayo. Akakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi okufanele akunake kuqala.
Ukuba namawala: Umntwana one-ADHD wenza izinto ngaphandle kokucabanga, ngaphandle kokucabangela imiphumela. Ubonisa ukungahleleki nokungahluzeki, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izenzo zakhe ziyingozi. “Uphuthuma onqenqemeni lomgwaqo, agibele esihlahleni,” kubhala uDkt. Paul Wender. “Ngenxa yalokho uthola amanxeba, izibazi, imihuzuko, uya njalo kudokotela.”
Ukungahlaliseki: Abantwana abangahlaliseki bayaluza njalo. Abakwazi ukuhlala bathule. Encwadini yakhe ethi The Hidden Handicap, uDkt. Gordon Serfontein uyabhala: “Ngisho nalapho sebebadala, lapho ubabhekisisa uyobathola belokhu benyakazisa imilenze, izinyawo, izingalo, izandla, izindebe zomlomo noma ulimi.”
Nokho, abanye abantwana abangakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo futhi abanamawala abayaluzi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuphazamiseka kwabo kumane kubhekiselwe kukho ngokuthi i-Attention Deficit Disorder, noma i-ADD. UDkt. Ronald Goldberg uchaza ukuthi i-ADD “ungaba nayo kodwa ungabi nayo nakancane inkinga yokungahlaliseki. Noma ingahambisana nokungahlaliseki ngezinga elithile—kusukela kokungabonakali, okucasulayo, kuya kokuphazamisa kakhulu.”
Yini Ebangela I-ADHD?
Kuleminyaka edlule, izinkinga zokugxilisa ingqondo kuye kwathiwa zibangelwa yizo zonke izinto kusukela kubazali ababi kuya ekukhanyeni okuxhophayo. Manje kucatshangwa ukuthi i-ADHD ihlobene nokuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi ethile yobuchopho. Ngo-1990, i-National Institute of Mental Health yahlola abantu abadala abangu-25 abanezimpawu ze-ADHD futhi yathola ukuthi i-glucose yayigayeka kancane kuzo kanye izingxenye zobuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza nokugxilisa ingqondo. Kumaphesenti angaba ngu-40 abaphethwe i-ADHD, kubonakala sengathi indlela izakhi zofuzo zomuntu ezakheke ngayo inengxenye. Ngokwencwadi ethi The Hyperactive Child Book, ezinye izici ezingase zihlotshaniswe ne-ADHD ukusebenzisa kukamama utshwala noma izidakamizwa lapho ekhulelwe, ubuthi bomthofu, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukudla komntwana.
Osemusha Nomuntu Omdala Abane-ADHD
Eminyakeni yamuva nje odokotela baye bathola ukuthi i-ADHD ayikhona nje ukuphazamiseka kwasebuntwaneni. “Ngokuvamile,” kusho uDkt. Larry Silver, “abazali baletha umntwana ukuze elashwe bese bethi, ‘Nami nganginje ngiseyingane.’ Khona-ke bayavuma ukuthi basenenkinga lapho belindile emigqeni, behlezi phansi emihlanganweni, ekuqedeni imisebenzi.” Manje kukholelwa ukuthi cishe ingxenye yabo bonke abantwana abane-ADHD idlulela ebusheni nasebudaleni okungenani inezinye zezimpawu zayo.
Phakathi nobusha, labo abane-ADHD bangase bayeke ukuziphatha budedengu babe amahlongandlebe. “Ngangivame ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ngeke akwazi ukuya ekolishi,” kusho umama wosemusha one-ADHD. “Manje sengithandazela ukuba nje angaboshwa.” Ukuthi lokho kwesaba kungaba okufanelekile kuboniswa ukuhlola okuthile okwaqhathanisa abasha abangahlaliseki abangu-103 nelinye iqembu labantwana abayikhulu ababengenakho lokhu kuphazamiseka. “Lapho besanda kweva eminyakeni engu-20,” kubika i-Newsweek, “abantwana ababeseqenjini labangahlaliseki babesengozini ephindwe kabili yokuba nomlando wokuboshwa, babesengozini ephindwe kahlanu yokuboshelwa icala elingathi sína futhi babesengozini ephindwe kasishiyagalolunye yokuhlala isikhathi esithile ejele.”
Kumuntu omdala, i-ADHD ibangela izinkinga ezihlukile. UDkt. Edna Copeland uthi: “Umfana ongahlaliseki angase abe umuntu omdala oshintsha umsebenzi njalo, oxoshwa njalo, oyaluza usuku lonke engahlaliseki.” Lapho imbangela ingaqondakali, lezi zimpawu zingawulimaza umshado. “Lapho sixoxa nje,” kusho unkosikazi wendoda ene-ADHD, “wayengazizwa zonke izinto engangizisho. Kwakusengathi wayehlala ekwenye indawo.”
Yiqiniso, lezi zici zivamile kubantu abaningi—okungenani ngokwezinga elithile. “Kufanele ubuze ukuthi ingabe lezi zimpawu bezilokhu zikhona yini,” kusho uDkt. George Dorry. Ngokwesibonelo, uphawula ukuthi uma indoda ibilokhu ikhohlwa kusukela yaphelelwa umsebenzi noma kusukela ekubeletheni komkayo, lokho akukhona ukukhubazeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umuntu ngempela ene-ADHD, izimpawu ziba ziningi—okuwukuthi, zithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwakhe. Lokhu kwakunjalo ngoGary oneminyaka engu-38 ubudala, oyindoda ehlakaniphile, ekhuthele eyayingakwazi ukuqeda nowodwa umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kakade usesebenze ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-120. Wathi: “Ngangisanda kubhekana neqiniso lokuthi anginakuphumelela nakancane.” Kodwa uGary nabanye abaningi—abantwana, abasebasha nabantu abadala—baye basizwa ukuba babhekane ne-ADHD. Kanjani?