Ukubuka Okwezwe
Ayenyuka Amazinga Okufa Kwabesifazane Ababhemayo
Ukuhlola kwamuva nje okwanyatheliswa kuyi-Canadian Journal of Public Health kuthola ukuthi ukufa okubangelwa ukubhema phakathi kwabesifazane baseCanada kwenyuka kusuka kwabangu-9009 ngo-1985 kwaya kwabangu-13 541 ngo-1991. Lokhu kuhlola kulinganisela ukuthi abesifazane abangaphezu kwabesilisa bayobulawa ukubhema ngonyaka ka-2010 uma izimo ezikhona ziqhubeka. Ngokwe-Toronto Star, ngo-1991 kwakunabantu ababulawa ukubhema abalinganiselwa kwabangu-41 408 (abesilisa abangu-27 867 nabesifazane abangu-13 541). UDkt. Michael Thun we-American Cancer Society uthi e-United States, abesifazane ababhemayo ababulawa umdlavuza wamaphaphu baye banda ngokuphindwe kasithupha phakathi kwawo-1960 nawo-1980. Abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi “ukubhema ugwayi kusewukuphela kwembangela enkulu engavinjelwa yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi e-United States,” kubika i-Globe and Mail yaseToronto, eCanada.
Izidakamizwa Ezikoleni ZaseJalimane
Ukuhlolwa kwabafundi abangaphezu kuka-3000 enyakatho yeJalimane kwembula ukusetshenziswa okwandile kwezinto eziluthayo ezikoleni. Ngokukamagazini ophuma masonto onke i-Focus, cishe ingxenye yabafundi abaneminyaka engu-17 ubudala iye yasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, futhi abangaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu basazisebenzisa. UProfesa Peter Struck wachaza ukuthi “ezikoleni eziphakeme eziningi eHamburg, uthola abafundi abaneminyaka engu-16 noma engu-17 ubudala abashintshayo ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa ezivula inhliziyo nezidambisa-zinhlungu.” Kodwa kungani kwande kangaka ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa? UProfesa Klaus Hurrelmann wanikeza izizathu ezintathu ezenza intsha isebenzise izidakamizwa: ukuba nesithukuthezi ekuphileni, umuzwa wokungaqashelwa ngalokho umuntu akufezile, nokucindezela kontanga.
Abahambi Abaphawulekayo
I-albatross ezulazulayo yandiza amakhilomitha angu-26 000 ngezinsuku ezingu-72, futhi imvu yamanzi empunga yabhukuda amakhilomitha angu-5000 ngezinyanga ezintathu. Ososayensi bokulondoloza imvelo bathola lamakhono amangalisayo okukhuthazela ngemva kokufaka imishini yokuthungatha amaza kuma-albatross nasezimvwini zamanzi eziqokiwe ukuze bathungathe imikhondo yazo ngesiphuphutheki. Ngesinye isikhathi le-albatross yandiza amakhilomitha angaba ngu-3000 ngezinsuku ezine inqamula iSouth Pacific Ocean. I-Times yaseLondon iphawula ukuthi imvu yamanzi yabhukuda amakhilomitha angafinyelela ekhulwini ngosuku phakathi kweScotland neFaeroe Islands futhi yabonisa ikhono layo elimangalisayo lokunqamula ngokunembile olwandle oluwudedangendlale. Yini eyabangela lokhu kuhamba amabanga amade kangaka? Umbiko uthi ukufuna ukudla.
“Indikimba Yezwe Engenamandla”
Ngo-October nyakenye i-New York Times yabika: “Izinsuku ezintathu ngesonto elidlule, abaholi bawo wonke amazwekazi bahlangana ndawonye emkhosini wokugubha iminyaka engu-50 yokusungulwa kweZizwe Ezihlangene ukuze banikeze izinkulumo ezivuth’uphondo ngesimo sezwe.” Nokho, kusobala ukuthi kwakuntuleka isici esibalulekile kweziningi zalezi ‘zinkulumo ezivuth’uphondo’—ukuthembeka. “Njengezazi zezombangazwe kuyo yonke indawo,” kusho i-Times, “benza izithembiso abangeke bazigcine futhi babegxeka abanye ngamaphutha abo.” Ngemva kokucaphuna abaholi bamazwe abangu-8 abasho amazwi aphikisana nezenzo zamazwe abo, leli phephandaba laphetha ngokuthi isigijimi sabo esiyinhloko sasiwukuthi: “Sintu, khohlwani engikwenzayo; lalelani engikushoyo.” Akumangalisi ukuthi i-U.S.News & World Report yabiza iZizwe Ezihlangene ngokuthi “indikimba yezwe engenamandla.”
Izinyosi Ezinezinga Lokushisa Eliphakeme
I-Science News ibika ukuthi izinyosi zaseJapane zizivikela ekuhlaselweni umuvi omkhulu ngokuwubulala ngokushisa kwemizimba yazo. Ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi kunomuvi, izinyosi ziyengela lesi sitha ngaphakathi esidlekeni, lapho amakhulukhulu ezisebenzi esihlasela khona abese esizungeza. Khona-ke, “lezi zinyosi ziyavevezela zinyuse izinga lazo lokushisa libe ngu-47° C. obulalayo isikhathi esiyimizuzu engaba ngu-20,” kuphawula lomagazini. Njengoba izinyosi zaseJapane zingabekezelela izinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-50° C., lesi senzo asizilimazi. Nokho, akuyona yonke imivi ewela ogibeni lwalezi zinyosi. Njengoba “imivi engu-20 kuya kwengu-30 ingabulala iqulu lezinyosi ezingu-30000 ngamahora amathathu,” imivi emikhulu inganqoba lezi zinyosi ngokuzihlasela ngobuningi bayo. “Kulezi zimo,” kusho i-News, “iphanga isidleke futhi iqoqe amaqhimiza neziphungumangathi zezinyosi.”
Isiphambano—Siwuphawu Lobudlova?
I-Dallas Morning News ibika ukuthi ezinye izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ziyakungabaza ukufaneleka kwesiphambano njengophawu lobuKristu ngenxa yokuhlangana kwaso nobudlova. Lezi zazi zemfundiso yenkolo zikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu ezibonisa ukuphila kukaJesu kunokufa kwakhe. Isiphambano “sikhuthaza ukukhulekela abafileyo,” kusho isazi semfundiso yenkolo uCatherine Keller saseDrew University Theological School eMadison, eNew Jersey, e-U.S.A. “Akekho umuntu obengathanda isihlalo sikagesi noma umkhala njengophawu lokholo oluyinhloko, kodwa yilokho ebesiyokusebenzisa ukuba uJesu ubengabulawa uhulumeni namuhla.”
Kwasiza Ama-water Flea
Iphephandaba laseLondon i-Independent libika ukuthi i-water flea encane ingase inikeze ikhambi lenkinga yamachibi angcolile amaphakathi nezwe. Lokhu kuboniswa umsebenzi wokulungisa indawo owenziwayo. Okokuqala, izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zakhipha amathani angu-9,5 ezinhlanzi ezidla ama-water flea e-Ormesby Broad, eNorfolk, eNgilandi. Lokhu kwenza ukuba ama-water flea achume futhi amamfuze ulwelwe olwalungcolisa leli chibi. Khona-ke ezinye izitshalo zamila ngaphansi kwamanzi ezimbewini ezazifile, futhi kwabuya izinyoni ezinjengama-coot nama-swan. Ekugcineni, izinhlanzi ziyophinde zifakwe, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi sonke isimiso sezilwane nendawo yazo ezungezile siyobuyela esimweni esivamile eminyakeni emihlanu. Abalondolozi bemvelo eYurophu bawubheke ngabomvu umphumela walomsebenzi.
Ukusishaya Indiva Isono
“Kwenzekeni esonweni?” kubuza umagazini i-Newsweek. “Umuzwa ophuthumayo wokuba nesono cishe usunyamalele enkolweni yamanje yaseMelika ebuswa injabulo.” Amalungu esifunda somfundisi “awafuni ukuzwa izintshumayelo ezingase ziwalulaze,” futhi phakathi kwamaKatolika “ukuvuma izono njalo kumpristi sekuwumkhuba wangesikhathi esidlule.” Abefundisi abancintisanayo bayesaba ukuhlukanisa imihlambi yabo. Lesi sihloko sithi abaningi “babulahla njalo ububi ‘obuhlosiwe’ obunjengobandlululo [kanye] nokucwasa ngokobulili. Kodwa bathula dú ngezindaba ezithinta abantu—njengesehlukaniso, ukuzazisa, ukuhaha nokuba nesifiso sokuvelela eseqile.”
“Izigxivizo Zeminwe” Zamatshe Ayigugu
Abesifazane baseBrithani banezinto zedayimane zokuhloba eziyigugu eziyizigidi ezingu-39 ezingabiza amaRandi angaba izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-63,5, futhi minyaka yonke kwebiwa izinto ezinenani elingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1633. Izinto eziningi zokuhloba eziyigugu ezilahleka ngalendlela azitholakali. Okusansimbi idayimane elifakwa kukho kuncibilikiswa ngokushesha. Khona-ke lamatshe ayigugu afakwa kabusha. Nokho, manje ngokusebenzisa isimiso se-computer esiyinxanxathela, abenzi bezinto zokuhloba eziyigugu bayokwazi ukufaka ukwaziswa kwezinombolo kwezici eziyingqayizivele zetshe ngalinye. ‘Lezi zigxivizo zeminwe’ zingathungathwa ngomsebe we-laser ongenawo amandla amakhulu obona amaphutha etshe ngalinye—itshe ngalinye lihlukile. I-Sunday Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela amasela angasiphamba ngayo lesi simiso sokulondeka ingaba ukuwasika kabusha amatshe, okuwumsebenzi obizayo, futhi onciphisa inani lawo.
Isixwayiso Ngeziqhumane Zokudlala
I-Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) ithi izikhulu zibika ukuthi “kwelashwa abantu abangaba ngu-12 000 unyaka ngamunye eminyangweni yabadinga usizo oluphuthumayo e-United States ngenxa yokulinyazwa iziqhumane zokudlala.” Lombiko weminyaka ka-1990-1994, owahlanganiswa i-Consumer Product Safety Commission, ulinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angu-20 abo bonke abalinyazwa iziqhumane zokudlala babelimele emehlweni. I-MMWR ithi lokhu kulimala “ngokuvamile kungokungathi sína futhi kungabangela ukuncipha unomphela kwekhono lokubona noma ubumpumputhe.” Futhi kuyaphawuleka ukuthi cishe izibukeli zilimala kakhulu emehlweni kunabaqhumisi balezi ziqhumane zokudlala.
‘Ibhomu Elicushiwe Elingaqhuma Noma Yinini’
Amaphesenti angaba ngu-45 abantu basemhlabeni njengamanje ahlala emadolobheni, kubika umagazini i-Focus, futhi ngonyaka ka-2000, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye yenani labantu iyobe ihlala emadolobheni. Ingxenye enkulu yasenyakatho yeYurophu, e-Italy, nasempumalanga ye-United States inabantu abaningi, futhi izingxenye zaseChina, eGibithe, eNdiya, naseNingizimu Afrika zinamadolobha anabantu abaningi kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Nokho, izithombe zeziphuphutheki manje zembula ukuthi amaphesenti amathathu kuya kwamane kuphela omhlaba ayizindawo zasemadolobheni. Kodwa njengoba kunabantu abayizigidi ezingu-61 abathuthela emadolobheni minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, inani labantu kulezi zindawo zasemadolobheni liyanda ngoba “amadolobha awakwazi ukukhula njengenani labantu abakuwo,” kuphawula i-Focus, inezela: “Lesi simo siyibhomu elicushiwe elingaqhuma noma yinini.”