Isipho SikaNkulunkulu Sokuzimela

“KUMANE nje kuwukujwayela komzimba ukuba semkhunjini,” kusho abangane bami, “futhi kungathatha izinsuku ezithile.” Kwakungo-October 1990, futhi ngangisanda kwehla emkhunjini wokuhambahamba olwandle nginyathela emhlabathini owomile ngemva kohambo olwathatha izinsuku ezingu-7 eCaribbean. Nokho, lokho engangicabanga ukuthi kwakuzothatha izinsuku ezimbalwa nje, sekuthathe izinyanga eziningi. Kwakunjengokungathi angizange ngehle kulowo mkhumbi. Kukhona okwakonakele esimisweni sami semigudu yezindlebe, isimiso sokukwazi ukuzimela esiyinkimbinkimbi esisendlebeni engaphakathi esinemithambo exhumana ebuchosheni.

Siyini? Sisebenza Kanjani?

Isikhungo esiqondisa ikhono lakho lokuzimela sitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yobuchopho bakho ebizwa ngokuthi i-brain stem. Lapho uphile kahle, ukwazi ukuzimela ngoba kwamukelwa imizwa engenakubalwa ivela emehlweni akho, emisisheni, nasesimisweni sakho semigudu yezindlebe.

Amehlo akho anikeza i-brain stem ukwaziswa kwezinzwa okuqhubekayo ngokuphathelene nesimo esikuzungezile. Amangqamuzana ezinzwa amukela ukwaziswa asemisisheni yakho, abizwa ngokuthi ama-proprioceptor, adlulisela ukwaziswa ebuchosheni bakho ngokuphathelene nohlobo lwendawo ohamba kuyo noma oyithintayo. Kodwa yisimiso sakho semigudu yezindlebe esisebenza njengesimiso esiqondisayo sangaphakathi esitshela ubuchopho bakho ukuthi umzimba wakho uqhelelene kangakanani nomhlaba namandla awo adonsela phansi.

Isimiso semigudu yezindlebe sakhiwa izingxenye ezinhlanu ezenza umsebenzi wokuba ukwazi ukuzimela: imigudu emithathu esazindilinga nokusazikhwanyana okubili. Imigudu esazindilinga ibizwa ngokuthi umgudu ongaphezulu, umgudu ovundlile (osohlangothini), nomgudu ongaphansi (ongemuva). Okusazikhwanyana okubili kubizwa ngokuthi i-utricle ne-saccule.

Imigudu esazindilinga ime yabheka phezulu omunye wavundla, njengezindonga nephansi lendlu okuhlangana ekhoneni legumbi. Lemigudu iyimihubhe eyakha i-labyrinth efihleke ethanjeni eliqinile logebhezi elibizwa ngokuthi i-temporal bone. Ngaphakathi kwaleli thambo eliyinkimbinkimbi kunenye i-labyrinth, ebizwa ngokuthi i-membranous labyrinth. Ekupheleni komgudu ngamunye osandilinga owulwelwesi, kunokuthile okunjengeqhubu, okubizwa ngokuthi i-ampulla. Ngaphakathi kuyi-membranous labyrinth kunoketshezi olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi i-endolymph. Futhi ngaphandle kwalolu lwelwesi, kunolunye uketshezi olwakhiwa amanye amakhemikhali ahlukile, olubizwa ngokuthi i-perilymph.

Lengxenye equmbile yomgudu ebizwa ngokuthi i-ampulla inamangqamuzana ezinwele akhethekile ayizixha ezingaphakathi kwenqwatshana ejiyile ebizwa ngokuthi i-cupula. Lapho unyakazisa ikhanda lakho uliyisa kunoma iluphi uhlangothi, uketshezi okuthiwa i-endolymph lulandela kamuva ngandlela-thile ekunyakazeni kwemigudu ngokwayo; ngakho-ke lolu ketshezi lugoba i-cupula nezixha zezinwele ezingaphakathi kwayo. Ukunyakaza kwezixha zezinwele kubangela ushintsho ezicini ezinjengezikagesi zamangqamuzana ezinwele, futhi lokhu ngokulandelayo kudlulisela imiyalezo ebuchosheni bakho ngamangqamuzana emizwa. Imiyalezo ayihambi isuka kulamangqamuzana ezinwele ngamanye kuphela iye ebuchosheni isebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-afferent nerve kodwa ibuye iphindele engqamuzaneni ngayinye yezinwele isuka ebuchosheni ngama-efferent nerve ukuze ingqamuzana yezinwele ithole ukwaziswa kokubhekana nesimo esishintshile lapho lokhu kudingeka.

Imigudu esazindilinga izwa ukunyakaza kwekhanda lakho kokulijikisa ngokushesha noma kokulizungezisa lapho liya kunoma iluphi uhlangothi, njengokuligobisa liye phambili noma emuva, ukulitshekisela emaceleni, noma ukulizungezisa liye ngakwesobunxele noma ngakwesokudla.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-utricle ne-saccule zizwa ukwenyuka kwesivinini endaweni eqondile; ngenxa yalokho zibizwa ngokuthi ama-gravity sensor. Nazo zinamangqamuzana ezinwele kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-macula. Ngokwesibonelo, i-saccule ithumela ukwaziswa ebuchosheni bakho okukunika umuzwa wokuthi uyanyuka lapho ukhuphuka ngekheshi. I-utricle ingokuthile kokuzwa okuyinhloko okusabela lapho ugibele imoto futhi ukhuphula isivinini ngokushesha. Ithumela ukwaziswa ebuchosheni ukuze ikunike umuzwa wokuthi uya phambili noma emuva. Khona-ke ubuchopho bakho buhlanganisa lokhu kwaziswa neminye imizwa ukuze benze izinqumo, ezinjengokuthi ungawahambisa kanjani amehlo akho nezitho zomzimba ukuze usabele esimweni sokuhamba okusona. Ikusiza ukuba ukwazi ukushintsha isimo sakho ngokuvumelana nezimo ezikuzungezile.

Lesi isimiso esimangalisayo esidumisa uMklami waso, uJehova uNkulunkulu. Ngisho nososayensi abacwaningayo bamane nje bahlabeke umxhwele ngendlela esiklanywe ngayo. U-A. J. Hudspeth, uprofesa wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo neyokusebenza kwezitho zomzimba, wabhala kumagazini i-Scientific American: “Nokho, umsebenzi owengeziwe ungamane uqinise umuzwa wokumangala ngenxa yokuthi leli thuluzi lomzimba elincanyana lisheshe lizwele futhi liyinkimbinkimbi.”

Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kwesimiso Semigudu Yezindlebe

Kimi kwatholakala ukuthi inkinga yami yendlebe engaphakathi kwakuyi-otospongiosis noma i-otosclerosis. Lesi isimo lapho ithambo okuhlala kulo isimiso semigudu yezindlebe lithamba khona noma liba ntofontofo. Ngokuvamile leli thambo lihlala liqinile, liqine ukudlula ngisho nohlobo lwethambo olukuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi lapho lithamba, kwakheka i-enzyme engena oketshezini lwendlebe engaphakathi futhi ilonakalise noma eqinisweni ilufake ubuthi. Lokhu kungabangela umuzwa oyinqaba wokunyakaza okuqhubekayo ngisho nalapho kungase kwenzeke ukuthi umile noma ulele awunyakazi.

Kimi kwakwenza indawo engaphansi kwezinyawo zami izwakale sengathi inyakaza njengamagagasi ngezinye izikhathi aphakama abe amasentimitha angu-30. Lapho ngilala phansi, ngangizizwa sengathi ngilele phansi esikebheni esigwedlwayo esiphakathi kwamagagasi olwandle aphakeme ngemitha elilodwa. Lomuzwa wawungafiki ubuye uhambe njengalapho unenzululwane, kodwa wawufika futhi ngiqhubeke nginawo amahora angu-24 ngosuku kudlule izinyanga ngezinyanga ukhona. Ngangithola ukukhululeka kuphela lapho ngizumekile ngingezwa lutho.

Izimbangela Nezindlela Zokuyelapha

Imbangela ye-otospongiosis/otosclerosis ayikaziwa, nakuba kungase kuhileleke okuthile okuthintene nesici sofuzo. Kuye kwaba nzima ukuba isayensi yezokwelapha yenze ukucwaninga ngalesi simo ngoba kubonakala sengathi sitholakala kubantu kuphela. Uma kuke kwenzeke, akuvamile ukuba sitholakale ezilwaneni. I-otospongiosis ingabangela i-tinnitus (umsindo onkenenezayo ezindlebeni), umuzwa wokusindwa ikhanda, ukuba nekhanda elilula, umuzwa wokungakwazi ukuzimela, noma izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesiyezi (ukuba nenzululwane). Umuzwa ofanayo ungabangela ukuba i-stapes inganyakazi endlebeni ephakathi nendawo futhi kubangele ukungezwa ezindlebeni ngenxa yokuvimbeka komsindo. Uma i-otospongiosis ifinyelela kuyi-cochlea, ingabangela ukungezwa ezindlebeni okuhilela izinzwa ngokuthi yonakalise ukusebenza kwemizwa.

Zikhona izindlela zokwelapha lesi simo. Ezinye zihilela ukuhlinzwa (bheka i-Phaphama! yesiNgisi ka-July 8, 1988, ikhasi 19); abanye bazama ukuvimbela ukonakala kwethambo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezandisa i-calcium ne-fluoride. Ngezinye izikhathi kusikiselwa ukudla okungenawo ushukela ngoba indlebe engaphakathi iwudinga kakhulu ushukela wegazi. Eqinisweni, indlebe engaphakathi idinga loshukela ngokuphindwe kathathu kunesilinganiso esidingwa ubuchopho ukuze uyinike amandla. Indlebe ephile kahle ikusingatha kahle ukushintshashintsha okuvamile kukashukela wegazi; kodwa lapho indlebe yonakele, lokhu kushintshashintsha kungakwenza uzizwe sengathi unenzululwane. I-caffeine notshwala nakho kubonakala sengathi kuyingozi lapho indlebe yakho engaphakathi ingasasebenzi kahle. Nakuba ukugibela umkhumbi wokuhambahamba olwandle, okukhulunywe ngakho ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, kungazange kubangele inkinga ngempela, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, lomswakama, nokwemikhuba yokudla cishe yikhona okubangele ukuphazamiseka kokukwazi ukuzimela.

Indlebe yakho engaphakathi ikwenzela okungaphezu kokuzwa. Ngendlela enhle nemangalisayo, ikusiza ukuba ukwazi ukuzimela. Indlela eklanywe ngayo kufanele isenze sibabaze umsebenzi wezandla woMenzi wethu, futhi kufanele ijulise ukwazisa kwethu ngokuba kwakhe uMdali.—Inikelwe.

[Imidwebo/Isithobe ekhasini 26]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

Isimiso Sakho Semigudu Yezindlebe Esimangalisayo

Ngaphandle

UMGUDU ONGAPHEZULU

ISIKHALA ESISASIYINGI

I-“COCHLEA”

ISIKHALA ESIYISIYINGI

UMGUDU ONGAPHANSI

UMGUDU OVUNDLILE

Ngaphakathi

I-“TEMPORAL BONE”

I-“MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH”

I-“AMPULLA”

I-“SACCULE”

Okuzwa ukunyuka noma ukwehla

I-“COCHLEA”

Isitho sokuzwa

I-“MACULA”

I-“UTRICLE”

I-“CRISTA”

Okuzwa ukunyakaza endaweni eqondile

Izwa ukujika kwekhanda