“I-apula Elilodwa Ngosuku Likwenza Ungamdingi Udokotela”

AKE ubheke lawaya ma-apula amahle abomvu. Ingabe awabonakali eheha? Ayaheha ngempela—futhi ngokuqinisekile kungesizathu esizwakalayo. Ama-apula ayeklanyelwe ukunikela enhlalakahleni yethu nasempilweni enhle. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezithelo ezinenzuzo lapho zidliwa, i-apula lingesinye seziphuma phambili. Ngakho, akuyengela ekubeni uzizuzise.

Isihlahla sama-apula singesomkhaya wama-rose (Rosaceae), njengoba kunjalo nangesihlahla sepheya, sekwipili, se-whitethorn, nese-service. Inkovu yazo zonke lezi zihlahla inoshukela omningi. Ngisho nezithelo zazo ezinephunga elimnandi ziba nemibala ehlukahlukene eluhlaza, ephuzi, nebomvu, zibe muncu noma zibe noshukela.

Emhlabeni wonke kukhiqizwa amaqoma ama-apula angaba izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili unyaka ngamunye—amathani aphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-17 nezingu-18. E-United States, cishe ingxenye yawo idliwa isanda kuvunwa. Ingxenye esele kwenziwa ngayo izinto ezinjengebhotela lama-apula, isiphuzo sama-apula, usoso wama-apula, ujeli wama-apula, ugologo wama-apula, utshwala obuvutshelwe ngama-apula, ophaya bama-apula nokunye ukudla okwenziwe ngofulawa, noviniga wama-apula, newayini lama-apula. EYurophu ingxenye enkulu yalesi sivuno isetshenziswa ekwenzeni utshwala, iwayini, nogologo. Engqikithini yalomkhiqizo emhlabeni wonke, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine kwenziwa ngayo utshwala.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba lesi sithelo sibe mnandi olwangeni lwethu, isihlahla sama-apula esiqhakaze ngokuphelele siyajabulisa emehlweni ethu. Sihloba ngezimbali ezimhlophe ezifana nama-rose phezulu eziningi kangangokuba uma zonke zingakhula zibe ama-apula, isihlahla besingeke sikwazi ukuthwala isisindo sawo. Isiphepho sasekuqaleni kwehlobo ngokuvamile sibangela ukuba ezinye zalezi zimbali ziphephuke.

Ukulima Ama-apula

Isihlahla sama-apula sikhula kahle kakhulu eziFundeni Ezinesimo Sezulu Esilingene. Futhi besilokhu silinywa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Izihlahla zama-apula nama-apula kukhulunywa ngakho izikhathi eziyisithupha eBhayibhelini.a AmaRoma ayewathanda, futhi ekunqobeni kwawo izikhathi eziningi, asakaza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-apula kulo lonke elaseNgilandi nakwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu. Izifiki zokuqala zaseMelika ezafika kuqala zeza nembewu nezihlahla zama-apula zivela eNgilandi.

Ngokuhlola okuphindaphindiwe, izizukulwane zabalimi ziye zathuthukisa izinga lama-apula ngenqubo yokuzalanisa. Nokho, lokhu akuyona inqubo esheshayo. Ukukhiqiza uhlobo olusha oluthengisekayo lwe-apula kungase kuthathe ngisho neminyaka engu-20. Kodwa namuhla, ngenxa yokuphikelela kwabalimi, sesinezinhlobo eziningi zama-apula anamanzi amaningi namibalabala esingakhetha kuzo.

Ukuvuna

Isikhathi sama-apula siqala ngo-July noma ngo-August eNhla Nenkabazwe. Kodwa izinhlobo ezivuthwa kuqala, njengama-James Grieve noma ama-Transparent, azigcinwa isikhathi eside. Kufanele zidliwe ngokushesha, ziluhlaza noma ziphekiwe. Nokho, zivusa ukukhanukela kwethu lokho okusazolandela: ama-Summerred, ama-Gravenstein, ama-Cox’s Orange, ama-Jonathan, ama-Boskop, ama-Red Delicious, ama-Golden Delicious, ama-McIntosh, ama-Granny Smith—uma sibala izinhlobo ezimbalwa nje kweziyizinkulungwane.

Ama-apula kufanele avunwe lapho lingani. Kufanele akhiwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungonakali lawo asaqala ukumila namaqabunga awo. Lapho ama-apula esevuthwe ngempela, ukuphendula kancane lesi sithelo kusinqampuna kalula egatsheni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isiqu asisuki e-apuleni, ngoba lokhu kungase kubangele isilonda, senze isithelo sisheshe sonakale.

Izinhlobo ezivuthwa kamuva kufanele ziyekwe esihlahleni isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka—uma isimo sezulu sivuma. Uma ama-apula eba yiqhwa esihlahleni ngenxa yesithwathwa sasekuseni, kufanele kuhlehliswe ukukhiwa kwawo kuze kube yilapho esencibilikile. Ama-apula ayakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga athile okushisa angaphansana kwezinga-qhwa, kuye ngokuthi avuthwe kangakanani nokuthi anoshukela ongakanani, kodwa uma eke aba yiqhwa abuye ancibilika awabe esagcinwa. Kufanele enziwe isiphuzo, isithelo esiphekiwe, noma uviniga; ngeke esomiswa.

Ukuwagcina

Isici esithakazelisayo sama-apula ukuthi ayaphefumula. Adonsa umoya-mpilo emoyeni futhi akhiphe i-carbon dioxide kanye namanzi. Ngakho-ke, lapho indawo akuyo ifudumele, ayashesha ukuphelelwa ngamanzi futhi abune. Ngokuphefumula abuye adonse namaphunga endawo akuyo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono kakhulu ukuwagcina ewodwa endaweni enezinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-5°C.

Ukugcina ama-apula endawonye namazambane kubangela ukuba ama-apula alahlekelwe ngokunye kokunambitheka kwawo okumnandi kobusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kufanele zibekwe ngokwehlukana. Kungcono kakhulu futhi uma ama-apula esongwe ngephepha ngamanye. Lokhu kwehlisa izinga lokuphelelwa kwawo amanzi futhi kunciphisa nengozi yokonakaliswa omakhelwane abonakalayo.

Ukubaluleka Okungokwempilo

Kuye kwathiwa “i-apula elilodwa ngosuku likwenza ungamdingi udokotela.” Nakuba lokho kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, i-apula linalo leli dumela elihle. Ngani? Ngenxa yezinto eliziqukethe ezingabangela ukuba umuntu abe nempilo enhle.

I-apula ngalinye liyinqolobane encane egcine izakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile. Lapho livuthiwe, liqukethe amavithamini u-B₁, B₂, B₆, C, no-E. Futhi linikeza izinhlobonhlobo zoshukela, njenge-dextrose, i-fructose, ne-sucrose. Inhlanganisela yama-acid ase-apuleni yiyona eyenza linambitheke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liqukethe namaminerali athile, njenge-calcium, i-magnesium, i-potassium, namanye, kanye ne-pectin ne-fiber. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-85 e-apula angamanzi.

Okunye okutholakala ema-apuleni i-ethylene, esebenza ikakhulukazi njengokuthile okuqondisa ukukhula okungokwemvelo okuthuthukisa ukuvuthwa kwesithelo. Le-ethylene ewumoya ingasetshenziswa ngokunenzuzo uma unotamatisi oluhlaza noma ukwatapheya oqinile. Wufake esikhwameni esiyiphepha kanye nama-apula ambalwa avuthiwe, uzovuthwa ngokushesha.

Njengoba ama-apula enokubaluleka okungokwempilo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufanele uwadle nini futhi kanjani. Okokuqala, kufanele abe esevuthiwe. Futhi kungcono ukungawadli ebanda ama-apula; wabeke isikhashana endaweni enezinga lokushisa elivamile. Kubalulekile futhi nokuwahlafunisisa.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ama-apula anezici okuthiwa ziwusizo ekuhlanzeni isimiso sokugaywa kokudla. Zona futhi lezi zici zisiza ekwelapheni kokubili ukubopheka kwesisu nesifo sohudo.

Izwi Lesixwayiso

Ama-apula, kanye nezinye izithelo, akhunta kalula. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele uhlale uqaphile. Ubuthi obungaba khona bungabangela ukungakhululeki nesicanucanu. Ngakho-ke, qaphela ukukhunta, futhi ungasiki ukhiphe ingxenye ekhuntile nje kuphela kodwa nendawo ezungeze leyo ngxenye eyonakele, ngoba lobu buthi buthambekele ekusakazekeni.

Nakuba kunjalo, ama-apula anendima ebalulekile ekubeni kwakho nempilo enhle. Ngakho uma ufuna “ukungamdingi udokotela,” zama ukudla i-apula elilodwa usuku ngalunye!

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Izithombe ekhasini 24

Isihlahla sama-apula esiqhakaze ngokuphelele sijabulisa amehlo