Ukubuka Okwezwe
“Isimo Esiphuthumayo Embulungeni Yonke”
EMhlanganweni wengculaza wesi-7 waminyaka yonke we-World AIDS Day owawuseParis, unobhala-jikelele we-UN, uBoutros Boutros-Ghali, wacela omongameli bamazwe nongqongqoshe bezempilo basemazweni angu-42 namazwekazi amahlanu “ukuba bamemezele isimo esiphuthumayo embulungeni yonke” ngenxa yokwanda okushaqisayo kobhadane lwengculaza. Naphezu kwemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokulawula ukwanda kwengculaza, phakathi kuka-July 1993 no-July 1994, ingqikithi yabanengculaza emhlabeni yanda ngamaphesenti angu-60, yafinyelela kwabangaba izigidi ezine. Embikweni odabukisayo, i-World Health Organization yaxwayisa ngokuthi uma lwanda ngaleli zinga, ubhadane lwengculaza ngempela “lusongela ikusasa lemiphakathi yonke” futhi yabikezela ukuthi ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000, abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-30 nezingu-40 bayobe sebengenwe yigciwane elibulalayo elibangela ingculaza i-HIV.
“Isidakamizwa Esibi Kunazo Zonke”
Isihloko esikhulu samuva nje ephephandabeni laseBrazil i-Jornal do Brasil sabiza ugwayi ngokuthi “isidakamizwa esibi kunazo zonke.” Ngokomqondisi we-National Cancer Institute yaseBrazil, uDkt. Marcos Moraes, imboni kagwayi ihlasela intsha. Wachaza ukuthi “lapho osemusha eqala ukubhema esemncane, kulapho eyoqhubeka khona ebhema. Futhi lapho eqhubeka ebhema, kulapho kunamathuba amaningi engozi yempilo.” UDkt. Moraes uphawula ukuthi phakathi kwabantu ababhemayo abangaba izigidi ezingu-30 eBrazil, “izigidi ezingu-2,4 izingane nentsha.” Unezela ukuthi “ugwayi ubulala [abantu] abaningi kunengculaza, i-cocaine, i-heroin, utshwala, imililo, izingozi zezimoto nokuzibulala sekuhlanganiswe ndawonye.”
Ubudlova Obengeziwe Kwabesifazane
“Ukuhlaselwa kwabesifazane abayeni babo noma abangane besilisa kuwuhlobo lobudlova oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni,” kusho iphephandaba i-Australian esihlokweni esithile sombiko we-UN. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi “abesifazane abangaba ingxenye eyodwa kwezine emhlabeni baxhashazwa ngobudlova.” Kwamanye amazwe, njengeChile, iPakistan, iPapua New Guinea, iRepublic of Korea, neThailand, lesi silinganiso siphakeme ngisho nakakhulu. Elinye iphephandaba, i-Sydney Morning Herald, lapho likhuluma ngombiko ofanayo we-UN, lithi kwelinye izwe, amaphesenti angaba ngu-80 abantu besifazane ayaxhashazwa. Futhi eziningi zezisulu zibekezelela ukuxhashazwa ngokomzwelo okuqhubekayo. Ubudlova basekhaya kunzima kakhulu ukubuxazulula ngoba cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi benzeka ekusithekeni ekhaya. Ngokuvamile abangane, omakhelwane, nezihlobo bayanqikaza ukububika.
Umusi Onoshevu
Izikhulu zezempilo e-United States zikhathazekile ngenani lababulawa ushevu we-carbon monoxide (CO). I-MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report) ithi “ezweni lonke, abangaba ngu-590 babulawa ushevu we-CO ngokungenhloso unyaka ngamunye.” Lokhu akubahlanganisi abaningi abangazange babulawe ushevu we-CO. Kunzima ukuthungatha legesi ebulalayo ngoba ayinambala, ayinaphunga, futhi iduma. Legesi ithuntubeza amandla egazi okuyisa umoya-mpilo emangqamuzaneni, okubangela izinhlungu zekhanda, isicanucanu, ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa, ukuquleka, nokufa. Ngokwe-MMWR, “ukunqwabelana kwe-CO kungase kuhlotshaniswe nanoma iyiphi inqubo yokusha eyenzeka endaweni evalekile (isib., ukufudumala kwendlu, ukupheka, noma imoto edumayo noma ithuluzi elisebenzisa uphethiloli)—ikakhulukazi lapho unganele umoya ozungezayo.”
Ingabe Imoto Edonsa Ngamasondo Amane Iphephe Kakhudlwana?
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuphephe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukushayela imoto edonsa ngamasondo amane, ikakhulukazi esithwathweni naseqhweni. Nokho, “lapho kuziwa ekumeni, izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo amane azizedluli ezidonsa ngamabili,” kubika i-Wall Street Journal. Ngokwezikhulu zomshuwalensi, eqinisweni “umshuwalensi uye wakhokha ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esivamile ngokulimala nangezingozi” zezinye izimoto ezithandwa kakhulu. Ngokobufakazi obukhona, abashayeli abaningi bazethemba ngokweqile bese bezifaka ezingozini ezingadingekile lapho beshayela izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo amane. UMarc Schoen, umcwaningi e-UCLA Medical Center eLos Angeles, waphawula ukuthi “ngamabhayisikobho nange-TV, abantu baye bahlobanisa izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo amane nomuzwa wokuzimela nowenkululeko.” Lomuzwa wamandla nokunqoba ungaphazamisa ukwahlulela okuhluzekile, okuyikhona okuyindlela engcono yokushayela ngokuphepha.
Amathoyizi Akhuthaza Ubudlova
Uhlelo lwe-TV lwabaneminyaka eyeve eshumini nambili abaphenduka, ngokungathi ngomlingo, babe amaqhawe okuzivikela ngaphandle kwezikhali luye lwaba intandokazi ezinganeni zase-United States. Laba balingiswa be-TV baziwa ngokuthi ama-Mighty Morphin Power Ranger. Abaphathi bezikole bakhathazekile ngokuziphatha okungenangqondo kwezingane ezincane ezilingisa izenzo zobudlova zalama-Power Ranger. I-Wall Street Journal ibika ukuthi ekuhloleni kwamuva nje, amaphesenti angu-96 “othisha abahlolwa athi aye abona izenzo zonya ezikhuthazwa ama-Morphin.” Kwezinye izimo izingane zingaba neminyaka emithathu ubudala. Le-Journal ithi: “Izingane ezincane zingase ngokungazelele zibe abashayisibhakela abavukwe amadlingozi, abanomsindo.” Ukuthandwa kwalolu hlelo kubonakala emalini engama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-300 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1 000) okulindeleke ukuba itholakale ngonyaka ekudayisweni kwamathoyizi ama-Power Ranger.
Umshini Omusha Uxwayisa Ngengozi Yesifo Senhliziyo
Ososayensi eVictoria, e-Australia, baye bakha umshini omusha okuthi lapho ubekwe phezu komthambo oyinhloko entanyeni, ubikezele ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, ulinganisa isivinini segazi nokushintsha komfutho walo ngemva kokushaya kwenhliziyo ngakunye. Khona-ke kungasetshenziswa i-computer ukuze kulinganiswe “ukunwebeka kwesimiso sonke segazi lesiguli,” kusho umbiko we-Sydney Morning Herald. Kubonakala sengathi leli thuluzi lizonemba kakhulu kunezindlela ezivamile zokunquma ingozi yokuphathwa isifo senhliziyo. Nakuba amazinga aphakeme e-cholesterol nokuphakama komfutho wegazi kuyizimpawu ezinamandla zalengozi, lombiko uthi “abantu abaningi abakulomkhakha abakaze baphathwe isifo senhliziyo,” unezela ukuthi “ngokusetshenziswa kwalokhu kuhlola, [bayosinda] ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa ezibizayo zokwehlisa i-cholesterol noma ukulandela izimiso eziqinile zokunciphisa ukudla abangazidingi.”
“Yidla Izithelo Nemifino”
Sekungamashumi eminyaka ososayensi betusa ukuba kuthasiselwe ama-carotenoid ekudleni. I-beta-carotene iyi-carotenoid eyaziwa kakhulu, futhi iye yahlanganiswa nokuvimbela isifo senhliziyo, ukufa uhlangothi, nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Nokho, ukuhlola okusha kuyazingabaza izinzuzo zezithasiselo zama-beta-carotene. Ngokwe-New York Times, usosayensi wokudla uDkt. Paul LaChance “waxwayisa ngokudla izithasiselo zama-carotenoid ngazinye.” Wachaza ukuthi “ngokwemvelo sithola inhlanganisela yama-carotenoid, futhi asikazi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthola lenhlanganisela.” Omunye umcwaningi, uDkt. Regina Ziegler, utusa ukuthi “kuze kube yilapho sesithole izici ezivikelayo ezithelweni nasemifinweni, ngeke siwahlanganise namaphilisi.” Le-Times iphawula ukuthi “iningi lochwepheshe selibuyele eselulekweni esivame ukushiwo omama: ‘Yidla izithelo nemifino.’”
Ukusula Esontweni
Ngokwephephandaba lamaKatolika i-Christ in der Gegenwart, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-28 eJalimane, noma ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zenani labantu bakhona, bangamaKatolika. Ngonyaka ka-1992 noka-1993, ingqikithi yabantu abangaba ngu-350 000 yasula eSontweni LamaKatolika. I-Süddeutsche Zeitung ibika ukuthi uMbhishobh’ uKarl Lehmann, usihlalo weNgqungquthela Yababhishobhi BaseJalimane, wesaba ukuthi intela entsha kahulumeni, eyoqala ngo-1995, iyoholela ekwandeni okwengeziwe kwabasulayo. Amalungu esonto eJalimane kufuneka akhokhe intela yesonto. Ngakho, kunomuzwa wokuthi amanye amaKatolika ayozama ukugwema lentela entsha kahulumeni ngokumane asule kuleli sonto.
Ukuphila Edolobheni Elikhulu
Iphephandaba i-Independent lithi nakuba iLondon, eNgilandi, iyidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu, izakhamuzi zakhona eziyizigidi ezingu-7 azikujabuleli nakancane ukuhlala khona. Kubantu baseLondon abahlolwa, abayisithupha kwabayisikhombisa bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphila kulenhloko-dolobha kuye kwaba kubi kakhudlwana kuleminyaka emihlanu edlule, njengoba phakathi kwezinto ezibakhathaza kakhulu kukhona ukungcola nokunqwabelana kwezimoto. Lapho bebuzwa ukuthi ibaphi abantu ababethembayo, abangamaphesenti angu-64 bathi bathemba odokotela, futhi bathi abawathembi neze amaphoyisa nothisha. Abangamaphesenti amabili kuphela baba nomuzwa wokuthi bangabathemba osomabhizinisi abasebenza esifundeni sezimali saseLondon. Abangaba amaphesenti angu-60 babekholelwa ukuthi lendawo “igcwele abantu abaceba ngokulahlekelwa kwabanye ngaphandle kokwenza umnotho wangempela.”