Ukubuka Okwezwe
“Iplanethi Engaziwa”
Eminyakeni nje emibili kuye kwatholakala izinhlobo ezintathu zezinkawu ezazingaziwa ngaphambili ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon. Emhlabeni wonke, kutholakala isilinganiso sezinhlobo ezintathu zezinyoni ezintsha unyaka ngamunye. Kwatholakala cishe izinhlobo ezingu-1 200 zezinkumabulongwe ekuhlolweni kwezihlahla ezingu-19 ePanama, futhi amaphesenti angu-80 kuzo ayengaziwa ngaphambili. Umagazini i-UNESCO Sources uyaphawula: “Asikawazi amanani aphakeme ezinto eziphilayo.” Ngokwesibonelo, “cishe amaphesenti angu-40 ezinhlanzi zasemanzini aseNingizimu Melika awakahlukaniswa. . . . Futhi yini esiyoyithola ekujuleni kolwandle olungakahlolwa nhlobo?” Lenkinga iyashuba lapho ucabangela amanani amakhulu ezinhlobo zokuphila ezincane: ama-bacterium, isikhunta, ama-nematode, ama-arachnid, izinambuzane, nezitshalo ezisazotholakala. “Ngokwesibonelo, igremu elilodwa vó lenhlabathi enomswakama lingaqukatha ama-bacterium namagciwane angaba izigidi ezingu-90.” I-UNESCO Sources ithi abanye balinganisela ukuthi inani lezinhlobo zokuphila emhlabeni kungenzeka “lifinyelela enanini eliphakeme lezigidi ezingu-200.” Naphezu kokuhlola okunzulu, umhlaba ‘useyiplanethi engaziwa.’
Ukushintsha Kwezindinganiso Okusheshayo ECanada
“Esikhathini esingaphansi kwesizukulwane, abantu baseCanada—kokubili abangamaNgisi nabangamaFulentshi—baye balilahla igunya lesonto, uhulumeni namagunya abaphathi abazimele nabahlanganyele ekuphatheni elalinikeza induduzo nokuhleleka emakethe nasemphakathini,” kubika i-Toronto Star. Ngani? Bafuna ukwaneliseka okusheshayo ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Kunomzamo “wokukuthola konke” manje. “Indinganiso yokuziphatha yobuJuda nobuKristu ithathelwe indawo izithakazelo ezivamile zomuntu siqu, ukudla ngoludala kobuKatolika kwathathelwa indawo ukushisekela izinto ezibonakalayo. Bambalwa abazimisele ukuhlehlisela ukwaneliseka ekuphileni okuzayo, kungasakhulunywa ngokukuhlehlisela esikhathini sokuguga,” kunezela i-Star. UNkulunkulu akasabhekwa njengomuntu onamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Ngakho, akukho ukwesaba, awukho umuzwa wecala. Izithakazelo ezingokomoya ziyantenga njengoba yonke imizamo iqondiswe ekwandiseni imivuzo yokuphila kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukubikezela Ngekhulu Lama-20
Ingabe umuntu owayephila ekhulwini elidlule wayengacabanga ngezinto zanamuhla ezinjengezimoto, izinto zokuthutha abantu abaningi, umculo wama-electron, nemishini ye-fax? Ngo-1863, umlobi wamanoveli ongumFulentshi uJules Verne, owaziwa ngezincwadi ezinjengethi Around the World in 80 Days nethi 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, wabikezela lezozinto nokwengeziwe enovelini engazange inyatheliswe ngaphambili enesihloko esithi Paris in the 20th Century. Nakuba umnyathelisi wezincwadi zikaVerne akulahla ngokuthi akunakwenzeka futhi akukholeki, lencwadi esanda kutholakala inikeza incazelo ecace ngendlela emangalisayo yokuphila ekhulwini lethu lama-20, kuhlanganise nezikhali eziphambili, isihlalo sikagesi sesigwebo, ukungcola, nokuminyana kwezimoto. UVerne wabona kusengaphambili umphakathi okhathazekile owawulahlekelwe isithakazelo kokufeziwe nempucuko yasendulo, umphakathi ogqilazwe ezentengiselwano futhi oluthwe ubuchwepheshe. I-International Herald Tribune yaseParis yaphawula: “UVerne akazange abikezele imisebenzi eminingi yobuchwepheshe besimanje kuphela, kodwa waphawula neminye imiphumela esabeka ngempela.”
Ukwanda Kobugebengu EJapane
IJapane, ebibhekwa njengengenabo ubugebengu kuze kube muva nje, ibhekene nokwanda kobugebengu amaphoyisa athi kubangelwa ukuntengantenga komnotho, ukushushumbiswa kwezibhamu okwandayo, namandla anciphayo obugebengu obuhleliwe. Ngokwesikhulu samaphoyisa uTakaji Kunimatsu, ubugebengu bezibhamu sebufinyelele amazinga ayingqophamlando, futhi uma bunganakwa, “buzowohloza isisekelo sokuhleleka komphakathi” eJapane. Ngokwe-Mainichi Daily News, ubugebengu obenziwa “abantu abavamile” nabo buyanda, ngokwengxenye ngenxa “yokucindezeleka okungapheli okubangelwa ukuphila okucinene kwasemadolobheni.” Ukuze asize abahlala emadolobheni balondeke, uprofesa wezenhlalo uSusumu Oda wanikeza ukusikisela okulandelayo: Londoloza izenzo eziyisisekelo zomusa, njengokusabela lapho ubingelelwa, ukuthi “ngiyaxolisa” lapho kufanelekile, nokumomotheka “ukuze uxoshe noma imiphi imizwa yobutha.” Funda ikhono lokwenqaba ngobumnene. Kwenze umkhuba ukusebenzisa amaketanga okuhluthulela iminyango. Bheka amaphoyisa njengabangane. Futhi “ungabheki ikhono lokulwa ngaphandle kwezikhali njengendlela yokuzivikela ebugebengwini—cishe kungalimaza omunye umuntu kabi kakhulu.”
Izingozi Zokumpontshelwa Igazi
“Igazi eligciniwe eCanada lingase lihlolisiswe eminyakeni eyinkulungwane kusukela manje futhi izingozi zokumpontshelwa igazi ziyobe zisekhona,” kubika i-Toronto Star. Efakaza phambi kwekhomishane ephenya ngokuphepha kwegazi eligciniwe eCanada, uDkt. William Noble waseSibhedlela iSt. Michael wathi: “(Izingozi) zikhona futhi ziyohlala zikhona.” Izingozi zokumpontshelwa igazi zihlanganisa “izinto eziningi kusukela ekulinqabeni komzimba kuya ekutholeni ingculaza egazini elinikelwe,” kusho i-Star. Ochwepheshe ekumpompeleni igazi bathi iziguli eziningi namuhla zikhathazekile ngokuthola ingculaza egazini. UDkt. Noble uthi: “Alukho usuku oludlula singazange sixoxe ngokuthi ‘Ingabe kufanele ngimpompele igazi noma cha?’”
Izitho Zebhere
“Ukuhweba okungemthetho ngezitho zebhere elimnyama laseCanada kungangenisa imali eningi kunokuhweba ngezidakamizwa emhlabeni wonke,” kusho i-Toronto Star. Izinyanga zasemazweni acebile ase-Asia, njengeChina, iNingizimu Korea, iJapane, iTaiwan, neHong Kong ziyifuna ngamehlo abomvu inyongo nezidladla zebhere elimnyama. “Isikhulu somthetho saseCalifornia siye salinganisela ukuthi ‘intengo yasemgwaqweni’ (izindleko ezikhokhwa umthengi) yekhilogremu lenyongo yebhere e-Asia yakhuphukela kuma-dollar (U.S.) angaphezu kwesigidi [amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-3,6] lapho ‘isixutshwe’ nenyongo yezinkomo noma yezingulube,” kunezela i-Star. “Uma kuqhathaniswa, intengo yasemgwaqweni ye-cocaine eToronto iye yalinganiselwa kuma-dollar angu-100 000 [R360 000] ikhilogremu.” Uchwepheshe wezilwane ezisongelwayo uCarole Saint-Laurent, we-World Wildlife Fund/Canada, uthi: “Ibhizinisi elingenisa izindodla zemali.” Kunovalo lokuthi ukufunwa kwezitho zamabhere kuyoqhubeka kwanda. Inani lamabhere e-Asia kakade selincishiswe kakhulu.
Izinhlobo Zokuphila Ezisongelwayo EBrazil
“IBrazil inamahlathi emvula aphindwe kathathu kunanoma iliphi elinye izwe, ihamba phambili emhlabeni ngezinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo, futhi isenezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo ezingu-460, endaweni yayo,” kusho iphephandaba i-Estado de S. Paulo. “Kodwa iBrazil ihamba phambili futhi ezinhlotsheni zokuphila ezisongelwayo, ezingu-310, ezingu-58 kuzo eziyizilwane ezincelisayo.” Nakuba singekho isilwane esincelisayo esiqothuliwe kuze kube manje, “amaphesenti angu-12 ezilwane ezincelisayo zaseBrazil asengozini,” ‘njenge-lion tamarin, etholakala eBrazil kuphela.’ Ezinye izinhlobo zokuphila ezisongelwayo “ziphila ezindaweni ezibekelwe imingcele kangangokuba ukugxambukela endaweni yazo nganoma iyiphi indlela kungaholela ekuqothulweni kwazo.” Ngokwaleliphephandaba, uhlobo lokuphila kuthiwa luqothuliwe uma kuphela iminyaka engu-50 lungatholakali endle.
Abantu Abakuleplanethi
Ngokwezibalo ze-UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund), inani labantu abakuleplanethi lafinyelela ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5,66 maphakathi no-1994. Ukulinganisela kuthi lesosibalo sizokhuphukela ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha ngo-1998, izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8,5 ngonyaka ka-2025, futhi kube izigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ngo-2050, cishe konke lokhukwanda kwenzeka e-Asia, e-Afrika, naseLatin America. I-Afrika, enokwanda kwenani labantu ngamaphesenti angu-2,9 ngonyaka, iyindawo ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu emhlabeni. IYurophu inenani eliphansi kunawo wonke—u-0,3%. I-UNFPA ithi futhi ekupheleni kwalelikhulu, eminyakeni emihlanu nje kusukela manje, ingxenye yabantu emhlabeni iyobe ihlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ngalesosikhathi, amadolobha angu-300 emazweni asathuthuka ayoba nabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, uma kuqhathaniswa namadolobha angu-125 namuhla.
Ubuhlobo Obuhle Buyisihluthulelo
“Ubuhlobo intsha enabo—futhi hhayi uhlobo lomkhaya—obubonisa ukuthi intsha iyozisebenzisa yini izidakamizwa noma ibe nezinkinga zokuziphatha,” kusho i-Toronto Star. Ukuhlola kwe-Addiction Research Foundation abasha abangu-2 057 e-Ontario kwembula ukuthi “ubuhlobo bomkhaya bunethonya elinamandla kunokwakheka komkhaya ngokwakho,” kusho usosayensi u-Ed Adlaf. Intsha enobuhlobo bomkhaya obuhle, ngisho noma inabazali bokutholwa noma osingamzali noma omama abangabodwa, yayiqhubeka kahle kunaleyo enemikhaya ephelele enobuhlobo obungebuhle. “Labo abaxoxa nabazali njalo ngezinkinga zabo babenamazinga aphansi obuhlongandlebe,” kusho i-Star. “Labo abangaxoxi nanoma imuphi kubazali ngezinkinga babedakwa kakhulu, besebenzisa izidakamizwa kakhulu futhi bengamahlongandlebe.” Izici eziyinhloko ekunciphiseni izinkinga ukuthi singakanani isikhathi intsha esichitha nemikhaya yakubo, ukuqina kobuhlobo, nokuthi abazali bayazi yini noma cha ukuthi izingane zabo zikuphi nalokho ezikwenzayo. U-Adlaf wathi: “Kubalulekile ukuchitha isikhathi nezingane nokwenza isikhathi sokuba nazo.”