I-shingles—Ukubhekana Nobuhlungu

“Ubuhlungu obunjunjuthayo ngemva kweso lami babungisabisa,” kukhumbula u-Ann. “Ngakhathazeka ngicabanga ukuthi kwakuvela isimila ebuchosheni.”

“Lapho ngivuka ngizwa ubuhlungu obungavamile kangaka ohlangothini, ngacabanga ukuthi kwakuyisifo se-appendix,” kukhumbula uJean.

“Umzimba wami wake waqubuka ngaphambili,” kulandisa uDilip, “kodwa ngangizibuza ukuthi kungani lokhu kwakwenza isikhumba sibe buhlungu kangaka.”

IYINI ngempela i-shingles? Leligama elivamile lalesisifo ngokusobala livela egameni lesiNgisi sakudala elithi sengles (elisho “umchilo” noma “ibhande”), elisuselwa kwelesiLatini elithi cingulum, elisho ukuthi “thandela.” Ngakho, leligama alihlobene nezingcwecwe ezisetshenziswa ophahleni.

Kwezokwelapha laziwa ngokuthi i-herpes zoster (lithathwe egameni lesiGreki elithi herʹpes, elisuselwa kwelithi herʹpo, elisho “ukuhuquzela,” nelithi zo·sterʹ, elisho “ukuthandela”). Ngokuvumelana naleligama, igciwane lesikhumba elibangela i-shingles lihamba ngokunyenya ngasezinzweni futhi livame ukuthandela umzimba ngomzila walo onjengowenyoka obangela ukuqubuka okubuhlungu. Ubuhlungu obunjunjuthayo benzwa egugudekile bungaba bukhulu, yingakho abanye odokotela besebenzisa amazwi athi “ubuhlungu obunjunjuthayo.”

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-shingles, njengemfiva, ukuqubuka, nokucobeka okuvamile, ngokuvamile zilingisa ezomkhuhlane kodwa ngephutha kungacatshangwa ukuthi ngezesifo senhliziyo, isimila ebuchosheni, noma esinye isimo esingathi sína. Ukuba ndikindiki, ukuluma kwesikhumba, nokuzwela ukushisa kakhulu noma ukulunywa okuqhubeka kube ubuhlungu obukhulu, obunjunjuthayo kuyizinto umuntu ophethwe i-shingles avame ukukhala ngazo kakhulu.

Esikhathini esingangesonto kusuka ekuqaleni kwezimpawu, kuvela ukuqubuka kwamashashazi abomvu alumayo ngasezinzweni ezihlaselwe igciwane, ngokuvamile ngenhla kokhalo nangasohlangothini lomzimba olulodwa kuphela. Izingxenye avela kuzo ngokuvamile kusezimbanjeni, eqolo, esifubeni, entanyeni, esiphongweni, noma emehlweni, kuye ngezinzwa ezithintekile. Ngokushesha lokhu kuqubuka kuba amashashazi amaningi, afana nokuqubuka okubangelwa i-poison ivy. Ezinsukwini ezingaba yishumi, aba noqweqwe futhi aqale ukuwohloka, ngokuvamile ashiye izibazi nobuhlungu obuphikelelayo njengezikhumbuzo zokuthi umuntu uke waphathwa i-shingles.

Izimbangela, Ukwanda Nokuxilongwa Kwayo

Umuntu uyithola kanjani i-shingles? Cishe isiguli siyazibangela ngokwaso lesisifo. Abacwaningi bezokwelapha baye baphetha ngokuqiniseka ngokuthi igciwane lesifo sesikhumba (varicella zoster) elibangela i-shingles liyigciwane elifanayo elibhebhetheka kalula elibangela i-chicken pox. Lokhu kuchaza isizathu esenza ukuba othile one-shingles athelele omunye (ngokuvamile umntwana) nge-chicken pox. Nokho, ukuze angenwe i-shingles, kumelwe ukuba umuntu waqale waphathwa i-chicken pox.

Ngemva kokuphathwa i-chicken pox, ngokuvamile ebuntwaneni, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni asilikhiphi ngokuphelele emzimbeni igciwane i-varicella zoster. Liya esizindeni esikude sezinzwa (abacwaningi banomuzwa wokuthi lesi indawo yomhlandla noma yobuchopho), futhi lihlale khona kuze kube isikhathi lapho lithola izimo ezilivumela ukuba liphinde ligadle, ngokuvamile eminyakeni eminingi kamuva lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni sithanda ukuba buthakathaka.

Nakuba amaphesenti ayishumi kuya kwangamashumi amabili omphakathi uwonke ethola i-shingles esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwawo, abasengozini enkulu yilabo abevé eminyakeni engu-50 ubudala. Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi ingxenye yalabo abafinyelela eminyakeni engu-85 ubudala iye yaphathwa yilesisifo. Abesilisa nabesifazane cishe bathinteka ngendlela efanayo. Lesisifo singaphinde sigadle, kodwa kuyinduduzo ukwazi ukuthi cishe amaphesenti amabili kuya kwamane kuphela aphinde ahlaselwe yiso.

Ngokuvamile i-shingles igadla ngemva kwenkathi yokugula okungathi sína, ukucindezeleka okungavamile, ukukhathala okuphikelelayo, noma olunye usizi ekuphileni komuntu. Ingase ilandele ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngokukhishwa kwemisebe, noma ezinye izinqubo ezilimaza noma zenze isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni sibe buthakathaka. Lokhu kugadla kwesibili kwegciwane le-chicken pox akubangeli ukuhlasela kwe-chicken pox futhi, kodwa i-shingles, enezinye izici ezivamile ze-chicken pox. Lezizici zihlanganisa ukuqubuka, amashashazi, nezingqweqwe, kodwa i-shingles iyisifo esihlukile.

I-shingles iyingozi kangakanani, futhi igadla isikhathi eside kangakanani? Nakuba i-shingles ibangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu, lesisifo asivamile ukusongela ukuphila. Kodwa lapho sikungena, kulungele ukubekezelela amasonto ambalwa obuhlungu obuphikelelayo njengoba umzimba wakha izivikelo zokubhekana nalokhu kuqubuka okubangelwa igciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, ubude besikhathi salesisifo buyahlukahluka kusukela ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi, nakuba kungase kuthathe amasonto amane ukuba ukuqubuka kuphele. Ngokuvamile abaphethwe i-shingles bahlushwa ubuhlungu bezinzwa, obubizwa ngokuthi i-postherpetic neuralgia, amasonto amaningana, ngezinye izikhathi izinyanga, ngemva kokuba amashashazi esenyamalele.

Uma leligciwane lidlulela ehlweni, lokhu kungalithinta kakhulu ikhono lokubona futhi kungabangela ubumpumputhe. Ngakho kutuswa ukuba ubone udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha uma indawo ethintekile isebusweni. Ukwelashwa zisuka nje kungavimbela izinkinga zamehlo ezingathi sína.

Ukwelashwa

Yini engenziwa ukuze kwelashwe i-shingles ngokuphumelelayo? Nakuba kuye kwazanywa amakhambi amaningi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube manje, impendulo eqotho iwukuthi isayensi yezokwelapha ayikayitholi indlela yokwelapha eyenza okungaphezu nje kokudambisa imiphumela nokulawula ubuhlungu kuze kube yilapho lesisifo sesiziphelele.

Ukuhlolwa kwamuva nje kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane ekwelapheni izifo zesikhumba ezihlukahlukene kuye kwaveza imiphumela ethembisayo yokwelapha i-shingles. Ngokwesibonelo, i-acyclovir, nakuba kuvunywa ukuthi ayilona ikhambi, inqanda ukusakazeka kwegciwane futhi idambisa ubuhlungu nobude besikhathi salesisifo ezigulini ezithile. Abacwaningi bathi ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle, ukwelapha kufanele kuqale kungakephuzi.

Ekuhloleni okwenziwa e-University of Colorado School of Medicine, abaphethwe i-shingles abaphuziswa amamiligremu angu-800 e-acyclovir kahlanu ngosuku izinsuku eziyishumi baba nokuqubuka, izingqweqwe, nobuhlungu obuncane ngokuphawulekayo kunabelashwa ngendlela yokudambisa ukukhathazeka kwengqondo. Abacwaningi abavumelani ngokuthi i-acyclovir nayo iyabudambisa yini ubuhlungu be-postherpetic neuralgia. I-vidarabine, esinye isidakamizwa esilwa namagciwane, iye yaphumelela ngandlela-thile ekwelapheni i-shingles. Kwenziwa ukucwaninga ngomuthi wokugoma, kodwa lokhu kusahlolwa.

Abaningi abake baphathwa i-shingles bathi ubuhlungu bebungabekezeleleka kangcono ukuba bebungaphikeleli kangaka. Buphikelela ubusuku nemini, butube isiguli ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba.

Phakathi nalezozinsuku lapho isiguli sisezinhlungwini, odokotela bangase bacabangele ukusinikeza izidambisa-zinhlungu ezinamandla izinsuku ezimbalwa, nakuba zivame ukuba nemiphumela engemihle. Uma isiguli singabekezela, ukusetshenziswa kwezindwangu ezibandayo ezimanzi kungadambisa ubuhlungu. Ukugcotshwa ngokhilimu onephesenti elilodwa le-silver sulfadiazine kaningana ngosuku kuye kwabasiza abanye. Ungawathinti amashashazi; ungawanwayi noma uwavale ngamabhandishi.

Izilonda zizophola kancane kancane, kodwa ezigulini eziningi ubuhlungu buyaphikelela njengoba i-shingles iphinde ihlasela. I-postherpetic neuralgia iqala ukugadla, ebenza babe buthakathaka kakhulu asebekhulile neziguli ezinesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni esicindezelekile. Kunzima ukukhuthazelela lobubuhlungu obunjunjuthayo. Kuye kwazanywa ama-corticosteroid, kodwa ukwaziswa kwezokwelapha akuqiniseki ngokuphumelela nokuphepha kwalezizidakamizwa ezinamandla. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela batusa i-amitriptyline elwa nokucindezeleka lapho ubuhlungu buphikelela isikhathi eside, kodwa nayo ingayandisa inkinga, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

Ngokumangalisayo, kuye kwatholwa imiphumela ethembisayo yokulawula ubuhlungu ngomuthi wokugcoba one-capsaicin, ethathwa kupelepele obomvu osetshenziswa ekwenzeni impuphu kapelepele. Kodwa awunakugcotshwa kuze kube yilapho amashashazi achambukile esepholile. Ebhekene ne-shingles ebucayi, uJean, okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, wathola impumuzo ngokusebenzisa umshini we-TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) ubusuku nemini amasonto amaningana. Amaza kagesi amancane adambisa ubuhlungu bangaphakathi obukhulu futhi amnikeza inkululeko yokunyakaza.

Kunamakhambi amaningi asekhaya, amaningi ahlanganisa ukudla okunomsoco (okungena-arginine eningi) nezithasiselo, ezinjengovithamini B no-C no-L-lysine. Abanye bathi kuyasiza ukugcoba i-apple cider vinegar; abanye basebenzisa uvithamini E ekwelapheni ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.

Cishe uma ungenwa i-shingles, ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuba abangane bakho abakuyo yonke indawo bakuthumelele amakhambi asekhaya abawathandayo ungazange uwacele. Okunye ukusikisela kungase kusize, kodwa okuningi kuyohluleka. Mhlawumbe kuyokwenza wename nakuba usezinhlungwini. Okungenani abangane bakho bayakukhathalela, futhi ukwazi lokhu kungafeza okukhulu kunamakhambi abo.

Ngakho lapho bebhekene ne-shingles, isiguli nodokotela waso bangase bakwazi ukwenza izinto ezithile ukuze banqande ukugadla kwalesisifo futhi badambise ubuhlungu. Kodwa uma udokotela wakho ethi, “Kubonakala sengathi uhlaselwe i-shingles,” angamane athi kungcono kakhulu ukuba nesineke futhi ukhuthazele kuyilapho amasosha alwa nezifo uMdali awafake emzimbeni wethu ebhekana nalesisifo.