‘Umuzi Onezisekelo Ezingokoqobo’

YONKE imizi (amadolobha) inezisekelo, ngakho uma othile uchazwa ngokuthi unezisekelo ezingokoqobo, kumelwe kube ngowohlobo oluhlala njalo ngempela. Imizi emikhulu yasendulo, njengeBabiloni, iPetra, i-Ashuri, neTeotihuacán, ayinakufanelwa yileyoncazelo. Nakuba yake yaqhakaza futhi yagcwala abantu, namuhla lemizi ikhala ibhungane. Kungokufanayo nangezizwe ezazimelelwe yiyo.

Ngokuvamile izinhloko-dolobha zamazwe namuhla nazo ziyaqiniseka ngezisekelo zazo. Emazweni ezikuwo zingase zingabi amadolobha amakhulu kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi idolobha liyinhloko-dolobha yezwe elikulo lilinikeza udumo kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu balo. Ake sibheke izibonelo ezine.

Yaziwa Ngezici Ezimbili Eziphikisanayo

Ngo-1790 uMkhandlu wase-U.S. wamemezela ukuthi isizinda sezwe sikahulumeni esihlala njalo akufanele sibe phakathi kwemingcele yanoma yisiphi isifundazwe esikhona. Ngakho ngenxa yaleyonjongo kwasungulwa izwe elincane elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi iDistrict of Columbia. Njengoba lakhiwe ogwini lwase-United States olungasempumalanga eDistrict of Columbia, idolobha laseWashington akufanele liphanjaniswe nesifundazwe saseWashington, esisogwini lwasePacific oluqhele ngezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha enyakatho-ntshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha yezwe.

Umklamo wokuqala, owaqedwa unjiniyela waseFrance uPierre L’Enfant ngo-1791, wabizela isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi samapaki omphakathi nezinkundla ezivulekile ukuze sibe isizinda okwakungakhiwa kuso iNhloko-dolobha nezinye izakhiwo zombuso ngendlela enhle. Ekugcineni indlu kamongameli yaklanywa umdwebi wamapulani wase-Ireland uJames Hoban. Itshe elimhlophe eyakhiwa ngalo laligqamile uma liqhathaniswa nezakhiwo eziseduze ezakhiwe ngezitini ezibomvu kangangokuba ngokushesha yaqanjwa ngokuthi iWhite House, igama elamukelwa ngokomthetho ngo-1902.

IWashington iyingqayizivele ngazo zonke izici. Izakhiwo zombuso, kuhlanganise nezikhumbuzo nezithombe okungaphezu kuka-300, kuhlobise lelikhaya lesikhashana lamakhulu ezazi zezombangazwe. Futhi ngokomunye umthombo, iyikhaya labameli okungenani abangu-55 000 nezintatheli ezingu-10 000!

Kuye kwathiwa iWashington “iveza okubi nokuhle kakhulu kwaseMelika.” Okubi kuhlanganisa izinkinga ezihlupha wonke amadolobha ase-U.S.: ukuswelakala komsebenzi, ukungcola, ubugebengu, izindlu zezinga eliphansi, nokucindezelana kwezinhlanga, uma kubalwa nje ezimbalwa. IWashington, njengoba ibizwa incwadi ethile edumile, “iyidolobha elaziwa ngezici ezimbili eziphikisanayo njengoba inedumela elibi nangobugebengu bayo futhi idume ngobuhle bayo obuhlukahlukene nobuyingqayizivele ngempela.”

Ingabe IyiRoma Yesithathu?

Kuze kube muva nje, kwakungekho lutho iWashington eyayifana ngayo neMoscow ngaphandle kokuthi womabili ayeneWhite House—isakhiwo esiyindlunkulu sase-republic yaseRussia naso sethiwa leligama ngenxa yengaphambili laso elakhiwe ngemabula—nesimiso esihle somzila ohamba ngaphansi komhlaba esibizwa ngokuthi iMetro.

IMetro yaseMoscow iyashesha futhi ishibhile, inobuhle obungavamile ukutholakala emizileni ehamba ngaphansi komhlaba. Kusukela ngo-August 1993, imali yohambo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luyibanga elingakanani, yayicishe ilingane nesenti elilodwa lase-U.S. (amasenti amathathu ase-S.A.). Ezinye iziteshi zazakhiwe ngemabula futhi zinemifanekiso ekhangayo, izithombe, nophahla lwangaphakathi oludwetshwe imifanekiso emibalabala. Izitebhisi ezishesha ngokungavamile zithutha abagibeli ukusuka ngaphezulu ukuya ezitimeleni ziphinde zibabuyise.

Ngokwesiko, iMoscow ingelinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu aseRussia, elasungulwa ngo-1147. Ekhulwini le-15, yaba inhloko-dolobha yezwe elibumbene laseRussia elalisanda kwakhiwa, nokho, lesosikhundla sayilahlekela ngo-1712 sathathwa yiSt. Petersburg. Ngemva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka, ngo-1918, ngemva kokuVukela KwamaBolshevik, iMoscow yabuyela esikhundleni sayo futhi yaba inhloko-dolobha yaseSoviet Union entsha.

IKremlin, osekungamashumi eminyaka iwuphawu lobuKhomanisi nesizinda seMoscow, emaphethelweni ayo angasempumalanga kukhona iRed Square.

Ekugcineni kweRed Square ngaseningizimu kukhona iCathedral kaSt. Basil, eyakhiwa phakathi nekhulu le-16 iNkosi yaseRussia u-Ivan IV, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi u-Ivan Omubi. Ukuklanywa nemibala yayo egqamile kuyingqayizivele. Inganekwane ethile ithi umdwebi wamapulani owayakha kamuva wenziwa impumputhe ukuze angaphinde aklame esinye isakhiwo esifana nayo.

Emakhulwini eminyaka ezombangazwe nenkolo bekungamathe nolimi ekusekeleni iKremlin—amasonto akhiwe lapho angofakazi balokho abayizimungulu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba iMoscow ibe isikhungo seSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia ngo-1326. Kamuva iMoscow yaziwa ngokuthi “iRoma Yesithathu,” futhi “abaseRussia baqiniseka ngokuthi babenokuma okukhethekile—emseni kaNkulunkulu njengomlondolozi wokugcina weqiniso elingokwenkolo.” Kodwa ithuna elikhulu eRed Square, lapho uLenin egqunywe khona ngemithi, namanye amathuna amaKhomanisi aphika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu asodongeni lweKremlin kuyakuphikisa lokhu kuzisholo.

Ingabe Iyinhloko-dolobha Yethemba?

Umqondo wokwakha inhloko-dolobha enkabeni yaseBrazil wavezwa ekuqaleni ngo-1789 waze wafakwa kumthetho-sisekelo ngo-1891. Nakuba kunjalo, isiza asizange sikhethwe kwaze kwaba ngo-1956. Eminyakeni emine kamuva uhulumeni wezwe laseBrazil waqala uhambo lwamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane ukusuka eRio de Janeiro kuya emzini wawo omusha.

Kwakuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa lonke lelidolobha lakhiwa ngesikhathi esifushane kangaka. Abantu abaningi baseBrazil ngokuzigqaja babelibheka njengophawu lwesikhathi esizayo lobukhulu besizwe sabo. Babelidumisa ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha yesimanje ngempela emhlabeni wonke, belibiza ngokuthi “inhloko-dolobha yethemba.” IBrasília inezakhiwo zesimanje ezihlaba umxhwele, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo okuhlelekile kuyenza ibe isibonelo esivelele sokuhlelwa kwedolobha okukhulu.

“Injongo yeBrasília,” kusho i-New Encyclopædia Britannica, “kwakuwukugxilisa ukunakekela ngaphakathi ezweni nokusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwalendawo nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ayo engcebo angakasetshenziswa.” Lezizinhloso ziye zafezwa ngokwezinga elithile. Kodwa njengeWashington, endawo yayo eyidolobha manje esinkulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-40 kuneDistrict of Columbia, iBrasília seyandile. Esikhundleni senani labantu abangu-600 000 eyayiklanyelwe bona, manje kunabantu abangaphezu kuka-1 600 000 abahlala khona nasemadolobheni azungezile azimele. Kwezinye izingxenye akujabulisi ukuphila.

Ezimweni ezithile ngisho nezici ezinhle zalelidolobha ziye zabonakala zidumaza. Umagazini i-National Geographic uyaphawula: “Isimo saseBrasília siphakathi kwengadi ehlotshiswe ngemifanekiso eqoshiwe nekoloni lasenyangeni.” I-Das Bild unserer Welt (Umfanekiso Wezwe Lethu) iyaphawula: “Kuze kube manje bekungelula ukudala isimo sokuphila kwasedolobheni eBrasília, inhloko-dolobha entsha. Kunalokho, kulelidolobha elahlelwa kusengaphambili, ukwenza imilingo, amaqembu enza amasiko ngasese, namahlelo kuye kwaqhakaza kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye indawo—okuyindlela abantu abasabela ngayo ebuzeni nasesizungwini.”

Ngakho, kusobala ukuthi “inhloko-dolobha yethemba” inobuthakathaka obuthile. Isimo sayo esibandayo, esiphuphile nezinkundla zayo ezingodedangendlale—okwamukeleka kakhulu ngokuvamile emadolobheni amakhulu—kuphawuleka kakhulu lapho izazi zezombangazwe nezisebenzi zasemahhovisi zilishiya lelidolobha ngezimpelasonto nangamaholide.

Iphezulu Ezintabeni

Izintaba eziyisishiyagalombili kweziyishumi eziphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni zisemingceleni yaseNepal ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele. Ngakho, akumangalisi ukuthi inhloko-dolobha yakhona yakhiwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-1 300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Lapho liqhathaniswa namadolobha amakhulu, inani labantu base-Kathmandu abangu-235 000 lisesilinganisweni. Uma kuthathwa isakhamuzi ngasinye sakhona, ezinye izakhamuzi zaseNepal ezingaphezu kuka-80 zihlala kwezinye izindawo.a

Inhloko-dolobha iseKathmandu Valley, eyayiyichibi ezikhathini zasendulo. Ubukhulu balesisigodi, obungamakhilomitha angu-19 ubude namakhilomitha angu-24 ububanzi, abukufaneli ukubaluleka kwaso. Emakhulwini eminyaka amaningi sasiyisikhungo sezohwebo esinamandla emizileni emikhulu ehlanganisa iNdiya neChina neTibet. Ngaso sonke isikhathi indawo yokulima ilinganiselwe emazweni anezintaba, ngakho kwesatshwa ukuthi amadolobha akulesisigodi angase abe makhulu ngokweqile futhi aphuce lelizwe indawo evundile eyigugu. Lokhu kwesaba kufanelekile. Kusukela ngo-1960 inani labantu baseKathmandu liye laphindeka izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2020, amaphesenti angaba ngu-60 alesisigodi angase aqedwe ukwanda kwezindawo zasemadolobheni.

Sekuyisikhathi eside iKathmandu, okuwukuphela kwedolobha elikhulu laseNepal, inendima eyinhloko ezindabeni zalelizwe zenhlalo, zezomnotho, nezombangazwe, kanye nasezindabeni zenkolo. I-Encyclopedia of Religion iphawula ukuthi iKathmandu Valley “iye yabhekana nochungechunge lwemiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi nezitayela zobuciko ezinokusikisela okunamandla kokuthambekela okungokwenkolo. . . . Ayikho enye ingxenye yendawo yaseHimalaya exube ubuBuddha nobuHindu kangaka.” Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indawo okucatshwanga ukuthi wazalelwa kuyo uSiddhārtha Gautama, kamuva owabizwa ngokuthi uMuntu Okhanyiselwe, noma uBuddha, kwakuyiLumbini, eNepal, eqhele ngamakhilomitha angaphansi kuka-240 eningizimu-ntshonalanga yaseKathmandu.

Yiqiniso, lokhu kwakuseminyakeni engaba ngu-2 500 edlule. Muva nje, ngawo-1960, amanye amalungu esizukulwane sama-hippie nawo eza eNepal naseKathmandu ukuze athole “ukukhanyiselwa.”

Umuzi Onezisekelo Ezingokoqobo

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abantu bakha amadolobha lapho bengabusa khona abanye abantu. Kodwa isifundo esibuhlungu umlando oye wasifundisa siwukuthi “akukuyo indoda ukuba ihambe, iqondise izinyathelo zayo” ngendlela efanele.—Jeremiya 10:23; UmShumayeli 8:9.

Kusobala ukuthi amadolobha asenkathazweni enkulu. Alwela ukusinda, njengezimiso zombangazwe azimelelayo. Izisekelo ezintengayo zokubusa komuntu ziyawohloka. Nokho, akunjalo ‘ngezomuzi onezisekelo ezingokoqobo, omakhi nomenzi wawo nguNkulunkulu.’—Heberu 11:10, qhathanisa ne-NW.

IBhayibheli libiza lomuzi ngokuthi iJerusalema lasezulwini. (Heberu 12:22) Lokhu kuyafaneleka, njengoba iJerusalema laliyinhloko-dolobha yasemhlabeni yakwa-Israyeli wasendulo, isizwe sikaNkulunkulu esingokoqobo. Kodwa iJerusalema lasezulwini, njengenhloko-dolobha yenhlangano kaNkulunkulu yendawo yonke, linesisekelo esingokoqobo, ngoba uMakhi walo nguNkulunkulu ongunaphakade. Ngokwesiprofetho iHubo 46:5 lithi: “UNkulunkulu uphakathi kwawo [umuzi], awuyikuzanyazanyiswa.”

Ukubusa komuntu kuyazamazama kuphokophelele ekupheleni kwakho. Njengoba ziqaphela leliqiniso, izigidi zabantu ‘abavela kuzo zonke izizwe, nemindeni, nabantu, nezilimi’ ngentshiseko nangokuhlakanipha zizithoba ekubuseni kwaphezulu.—IHubo 47:8; IsAmbulo 7:9, 10.

Khumbula, iJerusalema Elisha liphakeme kakhulu kuneKathmandu enezintaba, ngoba lisezulwini ngokwalo. Futhi ‘umfula wamanzi okuphila ocwebezela njengekristalu,’ ogeleza phakathi kweJerusalema Elisha uhlanzekile futhi unosizo kakhulu kunoMfula WaseWashington iPotomac noma kunoMfula WaseMoscow ogudla iKremlin. (IsAmbulo 22:1, 2) Kunokuba liveze imizwa yobuze nesizungu, iJerusalema Elisha liyindlela kaNkulunkulu ‘yokusuthisa ukufisa kwakho konke okuphilayo.’—IHubo 145:16.

Yeka indlela okujabulisa ngayo ukwazi ukuthi naphezu kwezinkinga ezinkulu ezisemadolobheni omhlaba alwela ukusinda, akulahlwa mbeleko ngakufelwa—ngenxa ‘yomuzi onezisekelo ezingokoqobo’!—Esokugcina ochungechungeni oluphathelene namadolobha.

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IWhite House, eWashington, D. C.

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ICathedral kaSt. Basil eRed Square, eMoscow, eRussia

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Ithempeli lamaHindu, eKathmandu, eNepal