Ukubuka Okwezwe

Izinxibi Ezizenzisayo

EChina, ukunxiba kuba indlela yokuceba yabanye abakhohlisi abangenazimiso, kubika i-Worker’s Daily. Uma izinxibi eziyizingane zibona othile ezicabanga ukuthi unozwela, “ziqala ukukhala bese zithi ‘malume, anti—ngiyafa yindlala.’ Lowomuntu obonakala ezonikela uvele anikele,” kusho leliphephandaba laseChina. Omama bancinza abantwana babo ukuze babakhalise bese bethi “abantwana bayagula futhi abanayo imali yokuya kodokotela.” Lithi, abagugile baguqa phansi, “bakhothame, bese befuna umnikelo.” Ukuxoxa nezinxibi ezingu-25-000 esikhathini esiyiminyaka emithathu kwembula ukuthi amaphesenti angu-8,5 kuphela kuzo angenaye umuntu angathembela kuye futhi amaphesenti angu-18,5 kuphela alabo ababebonakala bekhubazekile ababenjalo ngempela, kusho isikhulu sikahulumeni saseChina.

Izisulu Ezengeziwe Zimangalela ISonto

Izisulu zokuxhashazwa ngokobulili ezinhlanganweni zenkolo zase-Australia eziphethwe “abazalwane” abangamaKatolika ziyabumbana ukuze zithathe lokho i-Canberra Times ekuchaza njengesinyathelo seqembu labamangaleli elikhulu kakhulu emlandweni wezomthetho wase-Australia. Muva nje inhlangano emelela ababeyizisulu eziyizingane ifake isicelo sokuba kuvunyelwe ukwethulwa kwamacala angaphezu kuka-250 okufuna isinxephezelo. Kuthiwa lokhu kuxhashazwa kuye kwenzeka kusukela ngawo-1940 kuqhubeke kuze kube ngawo-1980, futhi abamangalelwa abayinhloko abathintwa kulamacala bahlanganisa ababhishobhi bamaKatolika abaningana. Omunye umzalwane wesonto likaMariya useboshiwe kakade ngenxa yokuhlasela ngokobulili. Ummeli wesisulu kulelicala wathi: “Okwamanje inhlwa isavele ngekhanda. Cishe maningi amacala asazofakwa eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Zonke izinhlangano ezingokwenkolo kuyomelwe zikhathazeke.”

Ubani Onezingane Eziningi Kakhulu?

Iliphi izwe elinezinga lokuzala eliphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni? Ngokusho kweZizwe Ezihlangene, iRwanda ihola phambili, lapho abesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala bezala khona izingane ezingu-8,5 ngamunye ngokwesilinganiso. Elilandelayo iMalawi ngabantwana abangu-7,6, iCôte d’Ivoire ngabangu-7,4, ne-Uganda ngabangu-7,3. Isilinganiso somhlaba wonke abantwana abangu-3,3, kuyilapho emazweni athuthukile singabantwana abangu-1,9. Ngokumangalisayo, izwe elinezinga lokuzala eliphansi kunawo wonke emhlabeni, lapho owesifazane osebudaleni bokuthola abantwana ethola khona abantwana abangu-1,3, i-Italy eyake yaba nezinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Sezadlula lezozinsuku lapho kwakuvame khona ukuba umkhaya wase-Italy ube nabantwana abathathu, abane, noma ngaphezulu. Ngokusobala, sesadlula nesikhathi lapho abantu base-Italy babelalela iziyalezo zeSonto lamaKatolika ngokuphathelene nokuvimbela inzalo.

Ukuxhumana Nomzali Ngaphambi Kokuzalwa

Kungani kufanele kuxoxwe nosana olusesesizalweni sikanina? Kumagazini waseBrazil i-Veja, isazi sezifo zengqondo zabantwana saseSwitzerland uBertrand Cramer sithi: “Loluhlobo lwengxoxo lunikeza abazali, ikakhulukazi umama, ithuba lokuqala lokuxhumana nomntwana ngaphambi kokuba azalwe.” Nakuba ingaziwa ngokugcwele indlela umntwana ayiqonda ngayo inkulumo enjalo, “okuwukuphela kwento okuqinisekwa ngayo ukuthi inkumbulo isuke isisebenza kakade, okuyinto eyisimanga,” ngokusho kukaCramer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho esezelwe, njengoba umntwana ekubukisisa okushiwo ubuso babazali, uDkt. Cramer uthi “zonke izenzakalo ezincane ekuphileni kakade zibaluleke kakhulu ezinsukwini zokuqala.” Nokho, uyaxwayisa: “Kunokuba bakhathazeke ngokuthi abantwana bayoba ngabaphilile yini, abazali kufanele bagweme ubuhlobo obungebuhle nabantwana, okungase kubaholele ekubeni abantu abadala bangesikhathi esizayo abane-schizophrenia, abacindezelekile. Kwanele ukufisa ukuba nabantwana abaphilile—kodwa hhayi abantwana abangazuza umklomelo kaNobel.”

Ingculaza ECôte d’Ivoire

Phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezicishe zibe yizigidi ezingu-13 zaseCôte d’Ivoire, eNtshonalanga Afrika, okungenani umuntu omdala oyedwa kwabayishumi unegciwane lengculaza, okuyenza ibe ngenye yezindawo ezithinteke kakhulu emhlabeni. Odokotela bathi ingculaza isiyimbangela ephambili yokufa phakathi kwentsha esikhulile e-Abidjan, inhloko-dolobha yalelizwe, bathi futhi lolubhadane selufinyelele cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zalelizwe. Uhulumeni waseFrance uthe uzosekela ngokuthe xaxá ngezimali ukuze alwisane nobhadane lwengculaza eCôte d’Ivoire. Nokho, odokotela nezikhulu zikahulumeni zaseFrance zithi imboni yokuthaka imithi yomhlaba wonke ayenzanga lutho olutheni ekusizeni amazwe asathuthuka ekulwisaneni kwawo nengculaza. Iphephandaba laseFrance i-Monde liphawula ukuthi izinqubo zokumisa amanani zabenzi bemithi ziye zenza ukuba ingatholakali kalula e-Afrika imithi elwisana namagciwane edingekayo ekwelapheni izisulu zengculaza.

Amasonto AseHungary Nawo Anecala

Kuthiwa kwabulawa amaJuda angaba ingxenye yesigidi eHungary phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Amasonto eLobukholwa lapho asabela kanjani phakathi nalenkathi esabekayo? Umbiko owalungiselelwa yizazi zenkolo zezinkolo zamaLuthela, amaBaptist, namaRoma Katolika wembula ukuthi lamasonto “ayazisola ngokuthi awazange athathe isinyathelo ngentshiseko ukuze avikele izakhamuzi ezingamaJuda ezinazo ezweni lawo.” Kungani lamasonto ayenqikaza kangaka ukumelana nalolushushiso? Kuthiwa lokhu kunqikaza “kwakuwumphumela wesiko lalamasonto elimelene nobuJuda, kanye nokuba nobuhlobo obuseduze obuyisiko neziphathimandla,” kusho i-Süddeutsche Zeitung.

Ukufa Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

“Ukubeletha kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokufa phakathi kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala emazweni asathuthuka,” kusho i-1992 Report eyakhishwa yi-United Nations Population Fund. Usuku ngalunye phakathi no-1992, kwafa abesifazane abalinganiselwa ku-1 359 emazweni asathuthuka ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlobene nokukhulelwa noma ukubeletha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kusho lombiko, phakathi nalowonyaka ofanayo, ukufa okuhlobene nokukhulelwa emazweni athuthukile kwakubulala izisulu ezingu-11 ngosuku. Nakuba isilinganiso sabesifazane abasengozini yokufa phakathi nesikhathi sokukhulelwa sisuka koyedwa kwabangu-6 000 kuya koyedwa kwabangu-9 000 emazweni athuthukile, emazweni angakathuthuki kuba owesifazane oyedwa kwabangu-20. I-UNFPA iphawula ukuthi lezizibalo zembula “umehluko oshaqisayo phakathi kwamazwe athuthukayo namazwe athuthukile.”

Umonakalo Obangelwa Umsindo Omkhulu

Osemusha oyedwa kwabane eFrance olalela umculo njalo ngama-headphone omsakazo we-stereo manje angase alahlekelwe ikhono lokuzwa, kubika umagazini waseParis i-Point. Imbangela umculo onomsindo ophakeme ngokweqile. Abasha abangaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu eFrance banemisakazo ye-stereo yabo siqu. Eminingi yalemisakazo idlulisela umsindo onamandla angama-decibel ayikhulu kuya ku-110 ngokuqondile endlebeni. Ukuze kugwenywe ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ikhono lokuzwa, odokotela bathi lapho izinga lama-decibel liyikhulu, akufanele umsakazo ulalelwe ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-40 futhi kufanele kuthathe imizuzu emihlanu kuphela lapho izinga lomsindo lingama-decibel angu-110! Nokho, intsha eningi iyavuma ukuthi ngokuvamile isikhathi sayo sokulalela ama-headphone singaphezu kwamahora amahlanu ngosuku. Uma icabangela inani elandayo lentsha elahlekelwa ikhono lokuzwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, i-World Health Organization iye yatusa ukuba kulinganiselwe izinga lomsindo kuma-decibel angu-90 emisakazweni ye-stereo yomuntu siqu.

Ukuvinjelwa Kokuzibulala

Kumiswe isikhungo esisha sokuvinjelwa kokuzibulala nokuzama ukuzibulala eSibhedlela saseKarolinska eStockholm, eSweden. Umphathi walesisikhungo, iPhini likaProfesa uDanuta Wasserman, ephephandabeni laseSweden lansuku zonke i-Dagens Nyheter uthi esinye sezici eziningi ezibangela ukuzibulala nokuzama ukuzibulala ukungazethembi izisulu zokuzibulala ezinakho nokungathembi abanye. Ngakho-ke usikisela ukuthi ukusebenzelana nabanye eduze nokuzwelana nabanye ngokwengeziwe kuyonciphisa inani labantu abazibulalayo. Uthi: “ESweden kunokuthambekela okwandayo kokungakhathaleli abanye nokuziphilela wedwa.” Usikisela ukuthi uma imicabango yokuzibulala iphikelela, umuntu kufanele “agweme ukuphika imizwa yakhe nokuzihlukanisa” futhi “axoxe nothile.” Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi eside kwalabo abaye bazama ukuzibulala kubonisa ukuthi abangamaphesenti angu-90 ekugcineni baphila ukuphila okuvamile lapho lolusizi seludlulile.

Kutholakale Umuzi WaseBhayibhelini

I-Figaro, iphephandaba laseFrance, libika ukuthi iqembu labavubukuli baseJapane lithole amanxiwa omunye wemizi emihlanu yasendulo yaseBhayibhelini obizwa ngokuthi i-Afeki. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi izazi zizama ngokungaphumeleli ukuhlobanisa indawo owawukuyo lomuzi wasendulo nedolobhana lanamuhla lase-Afriq, noma iFiq, eliqhele ngamakhilomitha amahlanu empumalanga yoLwandle lwaseGalile. Nokho, umvubukuli uHiroshi Kanaseki ukholelwa ukuthi ukutholakala kwengxenye yodonga lwasendulo e-ʽEn Gev, esogwini loLwandle lwaseGalile, kufakazela ukuthi lendawo ngempela kulapho lomuzi waseBhayibhelini i-Afeki wawukhona. EBhayibhelini kweyoku-1 AmaKhosi 20:26 ichazwa njengendawo lapho iNkosi yama-Aramu uBeni-Hadadi II yanqotshwa khona amabutho akwa-Israyeli ngaphansi kweNkosi u-Ahabi.