Ukubheka Izibuko Zamehlo
Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eBrithani
INGABE lokhu ukufunda ufake izibuko zamehlo? Uma kunjalo, awuwedwa neze. Ngokwesibonelo, amaphesenti athi mawabe ngu-60 abantu baseBrithani, manje afaka izibuko zamehlo.
Ngakho ukufaka izibuko kuye kwaba into evame kangangokuba uma abangane bakho besho okuthile ngazo, cishe kusuke kungenxa yokuthi ushintshe amafulemu noma usunqume ukungazifaki nhlobo. Iningi lethu lijwayela izibuko kangangokuba livele nje lizifake libuye lizikhiphe ngaphandle kokucabanga—ngaphandle kwalapho seziqala ukwehla zihlezi phezu kwekhala noma sezigcwele inkungu.
Nakuba kunjalo, abantu abaningi abafaka izibuko, cishe bangakhetha ukuba bakwazi ukubona kahle kunokukhetha amafulemu asesitayeleni. Izibuko zingaba isicefe. Nakuba kunjalo, abantu abangaboni kahle sebebona kangcono kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Izinsiza-kubona Zakudala
Umbusi ongumRoma uNero, ukuze akwazi ukubona kangcono imidlalo yezilwi ezinobudlova, kuthiwa wayenezibuko ezine-lens eyenziwe nge-emerald—indlela ebizayo kodwa engaphumeleli yokuthuthukisa amehlo angasaboni kahle. Ezikhathini zasendulo ama-lens ayenziwa ngendlela efanayo enziwa ngengilazi yekristalu, i-quartz, i-amethyst, i-beryl, ne-topaz. Nokho, cishe ngonyaka ka-1268, indela eyiNgisi uRoger Bacon yachaza indlela ingxenye yengilazi engasetshenziswa ngayo njengensiza-kufunda. Cishe ngaso lesikhathi, izibuko zamehlo zokuqala—amafulemu afakwe ama-lens angakalungiswa kahle—zaqala ukuba khona.
Ubani owazisungula kuqala—amaNtaliyane noma amaShayina? Lokhu kusaphikiswana ngakho, njengoba lezinsiza-kubona zabonakala zivela kuwo womabili lamazwe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, itshe lengcwaba eFlorence, e-Italy, linalamazwi esikhumbuzo: “Lapha kulele uSalvino d’Armato wakwa-Armati eFlorence. Umsunguli wezibuko zamehlo. Nkulunkulu mthethelele izono zakhe.” Akekho onesiqiniseko sokuthi wafa nini—ngo-1285, 1317, noma ngo-1340. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umhloli wamazwe omkhulu wase-Italy uMarco Polo ukhumbula ebona abantu abaningi eChina befake izibuko zamehlo lapho eqala ukufika khona ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-13 leminyaka. Ngempela, inganekwane ethile ilandisa ukuthi izibuko zamehlo zazifakwa eChina kusukela ngo-500 C.E.
Okungenani, ngekhulu le-16, ibhizinisi lezibuko zamehlo lalichuma eVenice, naseNuremberg nakwezinye izikhungo zaseYurophu. Izibuko zamehlo zaba izinto zokuhloba ezifunwa kakhulu, ezazidayiswa abadayisi basemgwaqweni emadolobheni amaningi. Kodwa okumangalisayo ukuthi labantu abadayisayo babengawahloli amehlo lapho benikeza izibuko. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuthi umthengi wayethuthukisa ukubukeka kwakhe kodwa hhayi ukubona kwakhe!
Izibuko Zamehlo Namuhla
Izibuko zamehlo zathuthuka kancane kancane. Zaziboshwa ezindlebeni ngamaribhoni noma ekhaleni ngesipilingi esibambayo. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, othile wavela nomqondo wokusekela izibuko zamehlo ngokuthile okuqinile okufakwa ezindlebeni. Lena kuseyindlela ethandwa kakhulu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-lens nakho kwathuthuka ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingilazi yamehlo eseqophelweni eliphezulu yangena esikhundleni sezinto ezakhiwe ngekristalu ongabona ngalé kwazo. Ukuhlola kukaSir Isaac Newton kwangekhulu le-17 esebenzisa ama-prism kwaholela ekuqondeni ukugoba kwemisebe yokukhanya. Ngaleyondlela ama-lens enziwe ngobungcweti ayesengenziwa ngokunemba okungokwesayensi.
Ngo-1784, isazi saseMelika sezokuphathwa kwezwe uBenjamin Franklin wasungula ikhambi eliwubuhlakani lenkinga ayenayo ngezibuko zakhe zamehlo. Izibuko zakhe zokufunda zaziphazamisa ukubona kwakhe kude, nalezo ayenazo zokubuka kude zazingakulungele ukuba afunde ngazo. Ngakho esikhundleni sokuba alokhu eshintshashintsha izibuko ezimbili, wacabanga, kungani ngingahlanganisi lama-lens ngenze uhlobo lwezibuko zamehlo olulodwa? Ngaleyondlela kwasunguleka uhlobo olulodwa lwezibuko zokubona kude naseduze. Nokho, kwadlula eminye iminyaka eyikhulu ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale indlela ephumelela kangcono yokuzenza.
Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezibuko ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhethekile. Ama-lens awugqinsi noma aqinile angafakwa ezibukweni zokuzivikela ukuze amehlo ezisebenzi avikeleke ezintweni ezindizayo. Amanye ama-lens ayezwela elangeni: Lapho ebhekene nelanga elihlabayo, aba mnyama, bese kuthi lapho esethunzini noma endlini, aphinde akhanye. Nokho amanye ama-lens ayipulasitiki, asinciphisa kakhulu isisindo sezibuko zamehlo bese enza abantu abanama-lens awugqinsi bakwazi ukuzifaka ngokukhululeka.
‘Mina? Ngifake Izibuko Zamehlo?’
Nokho mhlawumbe ungomunye wabambalwa abanenhlanhla abanamehlo abona kahle. Cishe ngeke kube njalo isikhathi eside.
‘Ingabe nisho ukuthi kungase kudingeke ngifake izibuko ngolunye usuku?’ uyabuza. Yebo, cishe ungase uzifake, ngisho nakuba okwamanje ubona kahle kakhulu. Kungani? Phela, esinye isizathu siwukuthi, ngesikhathi usuneminyaka engu-45 ubudala—noma ngaphezulu—cishe uyoyiphawula imiphumela ye-presbyopia. Lingakwesabisi lelogama. Elikushoyo nje ukuthi ama-lens asemehlweni akho ngeke akwazi ukuqondisa amehlo ukuba abuke into ekude neseduzane njengoba ayenza usemusha. Izibuko zamehlo zimane nje zingenye yezinhlawulo ezikhokhwayo lapho siguga.
Ingabe abazali bakho bayazifaka izibuko? Abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi izinkinga zamehlo zitholwa ngofuzo. Uma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi izici zofuzo sezinqume kusengaphambili ukuthi uyozifaka izibuko ngolunye usuku.
Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iminyaka yobudala, amangqamuzana ofuzo kanye nemikhuba ethile kungabangela imiphumela elimazayo futhi kubangele izifo ezivamile zamehlo, njengokungakwazi ukubona kude (hyperopia), nokungakwazi ukubona eduze (myopia), i-astigmatism (ukungami kahle kolwebu lwenhlamvu yeso), kanye nokuba ingxemu (i-strabismus). Uma ukhathazwa okunye kwalokhu okungenhla, ukuya kudokotela wamehlo (njenge-optometrist) kuyafaneleka. Khona-ke kumane kube yindaba yokukhetha ifulemu oyithandayo.—Bheka ibhokisi.
Ukunakekela Izibuko Zakho Zamehlo
Izibuko zamehlo zingamba eqolo ngempela, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi uncike kuzo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Khona-ke, zinakekele kahle. Lapho uzikhumula, ungazibeki phansi ngama-lens. Futhi, qikelela ukuthi awuzibeki lapho kungase kuhlalwe phezu kwazo khona noma zinyathelwe. Izibuko zamehlo zithambekele ekungcoleni ngokushesha, ngakho ama-lens kufanele asulwe nsuku zonke ngendwangu ethambile, eyomile, bese njalo ngezikhathi ezithile amafulemu agezwe ngamanzi afudumele, anensipho. Uma unezingane ezincane ezifaka izibuko zamehlo, cishe uyothola ukuthi izibuko zazo zidinga ukuhlanzwa njalo.
Nokho, kuthiwani uma izibuko zakho sezixega futhi zingasakulingani kahle? Ziyise kudokotela wakho wamehlo ukuze zilungiswe kunokuba uzame ukuzilungisa wena ngokwakho.
Ngokuzinakekela kahle, izibuko zakho ziyokukhonza kahle. Oh, kusenokwenzeka zibe yisicefe ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa ziyakuthuthukisa ukubona kwakho—futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nokubukeka kwakho. Lokho kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuba yisicefe kwazo okuncane, akunjalo?
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zibuko Zamehlo Nemfashini
‘Izibuko zizokona indlela engibukeka ngayo!’ basho kanjalo abaningi lapho betshelwa ukuthi kuzodingeka bafake izibuko zamehlo. Nokho, abaklami bemfashini baye bawasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo amakhono abo okuklama izibuko zamehlo kangangokuba izibuko zingaba yinto yokuhloba efihla izici zobuso ezingezinhle.
Phakathi kokunye, abenzi bamafulemu baye basebenzisa ngokunenzuzo amapulasitiki amasha alula, angasheshi ukuguga, ekwenzeni izibuko ezinemibala enhlobonhlobo kanye nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Futhi, ngokusebenzisa ingilazi edlulisa ukukhanya ngesivinini esikhulu, sekungenzeka ukwakha ama-lens akwazi ukubonisa kahle kodwa abe engelona ugqinsi. Futhi lapho efakwe ufasimba olungabonakalisi, acishe nje angabonakali nhlobo.
Uma ukhathalela imfashini, ungase ukhethe amafulemu ezibuko njengezinto zokuswenka. Incwajana eyakhishwa yi-Optical Information Council (yaseBrithani) itusa ukuba ukhethe amafulemu azofanelana nokuma kobuso bakho, agqamise izici ezinhle kuyilapho efihla lezo ezingezinhle. Ngokwesibonelo, ingabe ungathanda ukuba ubuso bakho bubonakale bubuncane? Khona-ke, lencwajana ithi, khetha amafulemu anombala ogqamile embonjeni, bese emaceleni uye ushabalala. Ingabe amehlo akho asondelene kakhulu? Khona-ke khetha amafulemu angenawo umbala embonjeni kodwa anombala ogqamile onqenqemeni olusemaceleni. Zama izitayela ezihlukahlukene, bese ubona imiphumela ehlukahlukene. Ungase uthole ukuthi kuyasiza ukuhamba nomngane ongathembela kuye ukuba akunikeze umbono oqotho.
Uma uthola ukuthi izibuko zamehlo ziyakucika, cabangela ukuthola ama-contact lens. Abantu abaningi bangawagqoka usuku lonke ngaphandle kwenkinga.