Lishintshe Kanjani Izwe Lethu?
INGABE indawo ohlala kuyo ishintshile? Isazi sasendulo sefilosofi esingumGreki uHeracleitus sathi: “Yonke into iyashintsha.” Ushintsho luyinsakavukela ekuphileni kwethu sonke.
Lapho ubheka emuva eminyakeni edlule engu-10, 20, 30 noma ngaphezulu, yiziphi izinguquko oye wazibona? Kungenzeka uye wabona ushintsho luza ngokwenziwa kwezinto ngezindlela zesimanje nangokulahlwa kwezindinganiso ezingokwesiko. Ngokungangabazeki, ezinye izinguquko uzibheka njengeziqondile futhi ezinye njengeziphambene.
Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70 ubudala, yiziphi izinguquko oye wazibona kusukela esikhathini sobusha bakho? Uyasikhumbula isikhathi lapho iTV yayingekho khona, lapho izindiza zazihamba khona kancane ngesivinini samakhilomitha angu-150 ngehora, lapho uhambo oluningi lokuya kwamanye amazwe lwaluthathwa ngemikhumbi emikhulu ethwala abantu, lapho ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa kwakubonakala kulinganiselwe ezindaweni ezifihlekile zemilutha yemilaliso, lapho izimoto zazimbalwa khona. Yebo, indawo ohlala kuyo ishintshile ngempela.
Umphakathi Wabathengi Oshintshile
Kodwa izwe lishintshile ngisho nakubantu abasebasha. Eminyakeni nje engu-45 edlule, izimakethe zomhlaba zazilawulwa imikhiqizo nobuchwepheshe baseNtshonalanga. Manje, amazwe aseMpumalanga asemaphethelweni ePacific aye aba izingqongqo ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto, ama-computer, imishini yokuthwebula izithombe, amaTV, nezinhlobo eziningi zemishini ye-electronic.
Lokhu kuboniswa yilokho iPhaphama! eyakutshelwa isihambi esinokuhlangenwe nakho saseShayina: “Eminyakeni nje engu-30 noma engu-40 edlule, iphupho lomuntu ovamile waseShayina kwakuwukuba nebhayisekili nomshini wokuthunga. Lezo kwakuyizimpawu zokuvelela zangalesosikhathi. Manje iphupho liwukuba neTV yombala, iVCR, isiqandisi, nesithuthuthu.” Umphakathi wabathengi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi useShayina noma kwenye indawo, uye washintsha lokho okuthandayo nalokho okufunayo.
Loluhlobo lwenguquko embonweni luye lwenzeka emazweni amaningi njengoba ezomnotho zawo ziye zathuthuka. UPedro, umuntu waseCatalonia oneminyaka engaphezudlwana kuka-40 ubudala, wathi: “Eminyakeni engu-30 edlule eSpain, isifiso somuntu okungenani kwakungesokuba nemoto encane ye[Fiat] eyi-600 cc yakwaSeat. Manje abantu baseSpain bafisela ukuba neBMW yaseJalimane!” UJagdish Patel, isakhamuzi saseUnited States, waphawula ngohambo lwamuva lokuya ezweni lakubo eNdiya: “Ngamangazwa izimoto eziningi manje ezisemigwaqeni yaseNdiya. Emigwaqeni emikhulu usengazibona izimoto zakwaHindustan, kodwa manje sezihambisana nezinhlobo zesimanje zezimoto, izikuta, nezithuthuthu ezenziwe eNdiya ngaphansi kokugunyazwa izinkampani zamazwe angaphandle.”
Izinguquko KuSayensi
Eminyakeni nje engu-25 edlule, abaningi babesabheka inyanga njengemfihlakalo eyimpicabadala. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, umuntu uye wahamba futhi washiya amathuluzi akhe angokwesayensi kuleyondawo yasenyangeni engaphandle futhi uye wabuya nezinhlobo zamatshe akhona ukuze ahlolwe. Uhambo lokundiza ngomkhumbi-mkhathi waseMelika manje luyinto eyenzeka njalo, futhi izazi zesayensi zaseU.S. zikhuluma ngokumisa isiteshi sasemkhathini esiyohlala njalo nangokuya kuyiMars.
Obani ababezwe ngengculaza eminyakeni engu-15 edlule? Manje isiwubhadane lomhlaba wonke, futhi izigidi ziphila ngokuyesaba.
Izinguquko Ezingokombangazwe
Eminyakeni emine kuphela edlule, udonga olwalubonakala lungenakubhidlizwa lwaluhlukanisa idolobha laseBerlin; kwakuneSoviet Union yobuKhomanisi neMpi Yomshosha-phansi. Manje iBerlin iye yakhethwa njengenhloko-dolobha yaseJalimane ebumbene, futhi amazwe angu-11 kwangu-15 obekungaweSoviet Union aye akha Imibuso Ebumbene Yamazwe Azimele.
Eminyakeni embalwa nje edlule, iZizwe Ezihlangene ngokuyinhloko zaziyinkundla yomzabalazo phakathi kwemibuso yesimiso sokuzisebenzela neyobuKhomanisi, kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi imibuso ekhululekile engafuni ukuzibopha futhi efana nezibukeli. Manje izizwe zaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga zikhuluma ngokuthula nokulondeka, futhi iZizwe Ezihlangene zinamandla nempumelelo enkulu. Zingathumela amabutho ezempi emazweni anezinkinga emhlabeni jikelele. Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, kwakunamazwe ayaziwa njengeYugoslavia neCzechoslovakia. Manje womabili aye ahlukana phakathi aba yiMibuso emincane ezimele.
Kuzo zonke lezinguquko eziye zenzeka, ingabe izwe liye lathuthukela kakhulu ekuthuleni kweqiniso, ubulungisa, nokwabiwa kokudla namandla engcebo ngendlela efanele? Ingabe izwe liye laphucuzeka kakhulu? Ingabe ungahamba emigwaqeni ngaphandle kokwesaba izigebengu? Ingabe sesiye safundiswa ukuze singabe sisazonda abanye ngenxa yohlanga, inkolo, ezombangazwe, indlela yokuphila, noma ulimi lwabo? Ingabe inguquko iholela entuthukweni yangempela ngomkhaya wesintu uwonke nangekhaya lethu, umhlaba? Siqondephi? Izihloko ezilandelayo zizohlola lena kanye neminye imibuzo.