Ukubuka Okwezwe

Incwadi Enethonya Kunazo Zonke

Iyiphi incwadi eye yenza umehluko omkhulu kakhulu ekuphileni kwabaningi? IBhayibheli. Lihamba phambili ngokuthi liye lathonya abantu ukwedlula noma iyiphi enye incwadi, ngokokuhlolwa kwemikhuba yokufunda okwenziwa egameni leLibrary of Congress yaseU.S. neBook-of-the-Month Club. Ukuhlolwa kwamalungu angu-2 032 eqembu labafundi bezincwadi, okwakhishwa ngoNovember odlule, kwabonisa ukuthi abahlolwa bachitha isilinganiso samahora angu-9 ngesonto befunda izincwadi, uma kuqhathaniswa namahora angu-12 ngesonto abawachitha bebukele ithelevishini. Nokho, umuntu angazibuza, Esingakanani kulesosikhathi esisetshenziswa ngempela ekufundeni iBhayibheli?

Ukuluthwa Utshwala—Inkathazo Ekabili

Ukuluthwa utshwala kungokubhubhisa ngokufanayo kwezomnotho zamazwe asathuthuka njengoba kunjalo ngokwehla kwamandla emali, isikweletu, nokungaphathwa kahle, kuphetha ukuhlola okwenziwa iWorldwatch Institute, njengoba kwabikwa kumagazini waseNetherlands iOnze Wereld. Ngokwesibonelo, ePapua New Guinea, amaphesenti angu-30 omholo womkhaya ovamile achithwa otshwaleni, kuyilapho amadoda ezweni laseAfrika iBurkina Faso esebenzisa amaphesenti angu-44 omholo wawo kubhiya. Iphazamiseke kakhulu ukuba ingalima inhlabathi, imilutha yotshwala iba “isici esibalulekile esinengxenye embangeleni yokuntuleka kokudla.” Abantwana bayo bayizisulu ezidabukisa kakhulu. Kwelinye idolobha laseGuatemala, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabo bonke abantwana iyagula ngenxa yokungondleki kahle ngoba abazali basebenzisa kabi utshwala. Okwenza kube kubi kakhulu, kuphawula iOnze Wereld, ukuthi inkathazo yokuluthwa utshwala ikabili: Inciphisa umholo wesizwe futhi yenyuse izindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngokwesibonelo, amaphesenti angu-47 awo wonke amadoda alaliswa esibhedlela esikhulu kunazo zonke eTrinidad aphethwe izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene notshwala.

Ubandlululo Lobuhlanga EYurophu

Ukuhlola kwaseYurophu okukhulu kunanini ngaphambili ngemizwa yobuhlanga kwaveza imiphumela engathokozisi. “Abaningi babangu-13 000 abahlolwa emazweni angu-12 aseYurophu bazwakalisa inzondo ngabambalwa bezinye izinhlanga emazweni abo,” kubika iEuropean. Ubandlululo lusekelwe ebaleni, inzondo, ekungabini ngamaJuda, ezicini ezingokomnotho, nezingxabano ezindala zokubanga izindawo. Lokhu kuhlola kwathola ukuthi amaJalimane awathandwa ePoland, njengoba abasePoland bengathandwa eJalimane. AbaseHungary ababathandi abaseRomania; futhi abaseBulgaria ababathandi abaseTurkey, ababengababusi eBulgaria. Enye imbangela yenzondo inkolo. “AbaseNyakatho Afrika bafuna ukuphoqelela ubuIslam eFrance,” kukhononda umshayeli wamatekisi waseFrance. Ngokusobala, imizamo yokuhlanganisa iYurophu ibe ingqikithi eyodwa enokuthula kusazothatha isikhathi eside.

Ukweba Ezitolo Kugaya Ngomunye Umhlathi

ENingizimu Afrika ukuthutha njalo kwezakhamuzi zasemaphandleni ziya emadolobheni kuphumela enanini elanda njalo labangasebenzi. Njengoba ukwehla kwamandla emali okwandayo kunezela kulenkinga, abantu abengeziwe baphendukela ohlotsheni olungavamile lokweba ezitolo ezinkulu ukuze bazigcine bephila. Kukhona “amaphakethe engeziwe avuliwe emashalofini kunangaphambili,” kubika iphephabhuku iSecurity Focus. “Abantu abengeziwe balambe ngokwanele manje ukuba bangene bazidlele lokho abangakuthola esitolo. Ingozi yokuboshwa iyancipha futhi bathola okuthile eziswini zabo.”

Ikholwa Loqobo—Into Yesikhathi Esidlule?

Ngokwengqungquthela eyayikhuluma ngenkolo kwabaseYurophu, eyayiseTurin ngo-October odlule, ababili kulabo nalabobantu abathathu baseYurophu bathi bakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. AmaNtaliyane nabaseSpain bayahola ekutheni bashisekela inkolo. Nokho, kungani iningi labaseYurophu lingamakholwa? IStampa icaphuna abacwaningi bethi “ukushisekela inkolo kwanamuhla kubuthakathaka, akusadli ngoludala, akusekhona okomuntu siqu, futhi [kulokhu kushisekela inkolo] wonke umuntu angazenzela akuthandayo.” Nokho, lokhu kuzinikela okungokwenkolo kubonakala kuphikisana. Ngokwesibonelo, nakuba eJalimane amaphesenti angaphansi kwangu-60 ezakhamuzi ezibheka njengashisekela inkolo, amaphesenti angu-92 ayenabantwana ababhapathiziwe; kodwa eItaly, lapho amaphesenti angu-83 ezibheka njengashisekela inkolo, amaphesenti angu-53 awayi emikhosini engokwenkolo. Ochwepheshe bathi ukushisekela inkolo sekuye kwashintsha kakhulu. “Ikhulu leminyaka elidlule liye laphawuleka ngokwehlukana okuqhubekayo phakathi kokholo nokwenza noma, njengoba isazi sezenhlalo singase sisho, ‘phakathi kokukholwa okungokwenkolo nokuba owenkolo,’” kubika iStampa. “Ikholwa loqobo cishe seliye laba into yesikhathi esidlule.”

Abashiseli Bezinsimbi Basengozini

Ukuhlola okuye kwenziwa ngemiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside yomusi wokushisela izinsimbi kubantu kwembula amanye amaqiniso akhathazayo. Phakathi kokunye, kubikwa ukuthi abashiseli bensimbi bayizisulu ezingaphezu kwezivamile zomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Isihloko esithi The Dark Side of Welding kumagazini waseNingizimu Afrika iSafety Management sibala okungenani izinhlobo eziyishumi ezihlukahlukene zezinsimbi nomusi okuvamile ekushiseleni okungaba ingozi kubantu. Leliphephabhuku libika ukuthi umusi wecadmium omningi ungabangela “ukuphazamiseka kwemigudu yokuphefumula noketshezi emaphashini” nokuthi “ukubhekana isikhathi eside namazinga awo aphansi kungaholela kuyiemphysema futhi kungalimaza izinso.” ISafety Management ithi isivikelo esingcono kakhulu emiphumeleni elimazayo ehlangene nokushisela yizinto ezifanele zokuvikela umgudu wokuphefumula nokungena komoya owanele, okungahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso ezifanele zokukhipha umoya.

Abekho Emakhaya

Amasonto amakhulu aseAustralia muva nje aye enza ukubala okubizwa ngokuthi iAttender Survey. Umlobeli wezenkolo wephephandaba iWeekend Australian wabona okunye ukushiyeka okuyinhloko kulokhu kuhlola futhi wabhala: “Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule ngiye ngahanjelwa kathathu amasonto endawo. Ngalinye lalifuna ukuthola ukuthi ngiwuhlobo luni lomKristu ekuhloleni okwakwenziwa kokuhlukanisa izimvu nezimbuzi. . . . Yebo ukuhanjelwa ekhaya abefundisi kuyinto yesikhathi esidlule emasontweni amaningi, ukuyekwa kwakho kuthethelelwa ngokuthi abatholi bantu emakhaya, noma umfundisi umatasa kakhulu. . . . Namuhla ukungqongqoza emnyango cishe kwenziwa amaMormon, oFakazi BakaJehova, noma ‘ihlelo’ elithile, ngokuvamile elibhekwa njengelingadli ngoludala amanye amaKristu, noma elingalé kokungadli ngoludala. . . . Ngeshwa endabeni yokushumayela ivangeli amahlelo enza kangcono kakhulu, njengoba ekhuluma ngempela ngalokho akukholelwayo.”

Izilaleli Ezingabathunjwa

Abashayi bezingcingo abalindiswayo bayizilaleli ezingabathunjwa. Ngokuvamile izinkampane zisizakala ngalokhu futhi zibahlasele ngochungechunge lokukhangisa—nakuba kusolwa ukuthi oshaye ucingo ubengadluliselwa kwamfunayo ngaso lesosikhathi. Manje inkampane ethile yaseMelika iye yasebenzisa abantu abakhuluma bukhoma esikhundleni sezigijimi eziqoshiwe ngomzamo wokwanelisa izidingo zabathengi. Njengoba ishayelwa izingcingo ezingaphezu kuka-13 000 ngosuku, ngokuvamile abathengi bagcinwa belindile imizuzu eyishumi noma ngaphezulu. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyiEconomist, “labadlali abalindisanayo,” njengabadlali bomculo emsakazweni, bakhuluma nezilaleli zabo, badlale umculo othophayo, futhi basho isikhathi nemibiko yomgwaqo ngalé kokufunda ezokukhangisa zabo. Futhi bayamazisa ngezikhathi ezithile oshaye ucingo ukuthi kuzomthatha isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba ucingo lwakhe lufinyelele lapho umbuzo wakhe uzophendulwa khona. Lenkampane ithi akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi bambalwa abathengi abathukuthele enabo kodwa ineqophelo eliphakeme lokukhonza abathengi futhi ingakwazi ngisho nokuqondisa ezokukhangisa kwayo kubathengi abathile.

Ukunakekelwa Kwezingane Okuthuthukisiwe

Lilandela ukutusa kweUNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), izwe laseBrazil iCeará liye “lehlisa izinga lalo lokufa kwezinsana, kusukela ekufeni kwezingu-95 kulezo nalezozingane ezingu-1 000 kuya kwezingu-65,” kubika iNewsweek. Ummeleli weUNICEF uthi: “Alikho izwe eliye lathola imiphumela efanayo ephawulekayo enkathini efanayo emfushane njengezwe laseCeará.” INewsweek ithi ngemva kwamahora angu-80 okuqeqeshwa, izisebenzi zezempilo ezingu-4 000 ziye zaya emaphandleni, zihamba ngezinyawo, amabhayisikili, amahhashi, izimbongolo, izihlenga, ziyofundisa omama ukunakekelwa kwezingane okuyisisekelo, njengokuncelisa. Lapho efundiswa indlela yokudidiyela inhlanganisela kashukela, usawoti, namanzi, esindisa ukuphila yokubuyisela uketshezi eyachazwa ngomlomo, umama owayenabantwana abathathu wathi emangele: “Bengicabanga ukuthi kumelwe ibe inkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.”

Amalungelo AmaNdiya

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaNdiya aseIanomami ehlala esifundeni esikhulu ngasemngceleni weBrazil neVenezuela. Njengoba sinehlathi laseAmazon, lesifunda siphinda ubungako beBelgium kasithupha. Futhi sicebile ngegolide netin engakenziwa lutho—sigabisela abamba imicebo nabakhi bezindawo. Umagazini waseBrazil iVeja ubika ukuthi uMongameli uCarlos Andrés Pérez waseVenezuela muva nje usayine izinqumo ezimbili ezaguqula lendawo esemngceleni osohlangothini lweVenezuela yaba iziqiwi zezinto eziphilayo nepaki lesizwe, ngaleyondlela evikela amalungelo amaIanomami obunikazi balelizwe. Wenqabela futhi “ezweni labo, labobelungu osekuyisikhathi eside bezama ukubusa imiphefumulo yabo—izithunywa zevangeli—nemicebo yabo yokusansimbi—abamba imicebo.” Ezinye izazi zendawo ezungezile zakuhalalisela “njengesinqumo esihle kakhulu.”