Ukuhleba Kungani Kukhanga?

NGESISHAYINA kuthiwa shén-tán; ngesiFinnish, juoru; ngesiNtaliyane, pettegolézzo; ngeSpanishi, chisme. Yebo, ukuhleba kusemhlabeni wonke. Ngezinye izilimi, ukuhleba kungase kube nencazelo ephambene ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile inkulumo engenanjongo ivame ukuholela enkulumweni elimazayo noma edala ingxaki. Ingase ngisho iphenduke ibe ukunyundela okuphelele, okuye kwachazwa “njengenkulumo yokumangalela ngamanga noma ukungaqondi kahle okwehlisa noma kulimaze idumela lomunye.” Khona-ke, akumangalisi, ukuthi isaga sasendulo sithi: “Ukuhleba kuletha intukuthelo ngendlela efana nsé naleyo umoya wasenyakatho oletha ngayo imvula.”​—⁠IzAga 25:​23, Today’s English Version.

Khona-ke, ngenxa yokuthi kungalimaza, kungani ngokuvamile sithola ukuhleba kungayekeki kangaka, kukhanga kangaka? Fu-​thi umuntu ukwazi kanjani ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuhleba okungalimazi nokulimazayo?

Ukuhleba​—⁠Ukunikezelana Ngokwaziswa

Kukhona isizathu esiyisisekelo sokuhleba: Abantu banesithakazelo kwabanye. Khona-ke, ngokwemvelo sithambekele ekukhulumeni ngabanye abantu. Njengoba uMax Gluckman, isazi sezinhlanga zabantu, ake asho: “Usuku ngalunye, futhi ngokwengxenye enkulu yosuku ngalunye, iningi lethu liyahleba. Ngicabanga ukuthi ukuba besingagcina irekhodi lendlela esisebenzisa ngayo isikhathi sethu esisuke siphapheme ngaso, ukuhleba kuphela obekungalandela ‘umsebenzi’​—⁠ngabanye bethu⁠—​engqikithini.”

Lapho ilinganiselwe futhi inomusa, inkulumo engenanjongo ingasiza ekunikezelaneni ukwaziswa okuwusizo, njengendlela yokuthola izinto ezenzeke muva. Ingase ihilele izinto ezinjengokuthi ubani obeshada, ubani okhulelwe, nokuthi ubani oshonile, noma ingase nje ibe inkulumo ehlekisayo engahloselwe ukulimaza.

Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, inkulumo engenanjongo inhlanhlathela ngalé kwemigoqo yalokho okufanelekile nokuzwakala kahle. Amaqiniso ayashintshwa, afakwe usawoti, noma ahlanekezelwe. Into eyehlisa omunye yenziwa umthombo wehlaya. Izindaba zangasese zikhulunywa emphakathini. Izindaba eziyisifuba zidluliselwa kwabanye. Amadumela amahle ayalinyazwa noma onakaliswe. Izinto ezifanele udumo zisithibezwa ngokukhononda, ukungunaza, nangokuthola amaphutha. Ukuthi bekungahlosiwe bubi akumelaphi neze okukhulunywe ngaye. Ngalesosizathu ukuhleba okulimazayo kuye kwafaniswa nodaka oludacekwa odongeni oluhlanzekile. Lungase lunganamatheli, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi lushiya ibala elingcolile.

Ukufaneleka

Esinye isizathu esingasibangela ukuba kalula sidonsekele ekuhlebeni yisifiso sethu semvelo sokuthandwa nokwamukeleka kwabanye. “Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene,” kubhala izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo uJohn Sabini noMaury Silver, “unesibopho sokuba ukhulume; futhi ukuhleba kuyindlela emnandi, elula, neyamukeleka emhlabeni wonke yokufeza lesosibopho.” (Moralities of Everyday Life) Khona-ke, ngokwezinga elithile, ukuhleba kunguwoyela owusizo wengxoxo, indlela yokuzifanelanisa.

Inkinga iwukuthi abantu bathambekela ekubeni bakuthakasele kakhulu ukwaziswa okugxekayo kunokwaziswa okutusayo. Abanye baze babonakale bekujabulela ukushaqwa izinkulumo ezivusa umzwelo nezethusayo. Ngaleyondlela ukuhleba ngempela kuyindlela yokuthola ukunakwa​—⁠uma zizimbi noma zinyundela ngokwengeziwe izindaba ezihlotshisiwe, kuba yilapho zingcono kakhulu. Akuvamile ukuba kukhathalelwe ukusekela izinto ezishiwoyo ngobufakazi.

Ukuhleba Kwabemithombo Yezindaba

Loluhlobo lokuhleba lukhanga kobunye ubuthakathaka bomuntu​—⁠ukufuna ukwazi ngokweqile. Siyazithanda izimfihlo. Siyakujabulela ukwazi izinto eziyimfihlo. Kudala ngawo-1730, lapho uBenjamin Franklin eqala ukubhala uhlu lokuhleba kuyiPennsylvania Gazette, kwaba yinto eqondakalayo ukuthi abantu babengakukhokhela ukuhleba.

Ukuhleba kwabemithombo yezindaba kusekhona​—⁠futhi kuyachuma. EYurophu izindawo ezidayisa amaphephandaba zichichima ngokoqobo amaphephandaba aqokomisa izindaba zemikhaya yasebukhosini, abagijimi abagijima ngezimoto, nezinye izicukuthwane zasemhlabeni wonke. Esinye isihloko sephephandaba sabiza ukuhleba ngokuthi ibhizinisi elenza imali enkulu.

Kodwa ingabe kuyazuzisa ukufuna ukwazi ngokweqile ukuthi kwenzekani ekusithekeni kwamakhaya abantu, emakameleni okulala, nasezingqondweni za-​bo? Ingabe ukufunda nokubuyekeza izinto ezithambekele ekuvuseni izifiso zokufuna kungenzeka kube okunempilo? Ngokusobala, ukuhleba kwemithombo yezindaba kudlulisela ilukuluku lokwazi ngalé kwemigoqo enengqondo.

“Ngizwe Ngosizwile”

Amahlebezi angenabufakazi nokwaziswa okungeyikho nakho kuye kwabhebhethela inhlebo elimazayo. Amahlebezi aye abangela ukukhathazeka, ukufa, nesiphithiphithi. Izindleko ezikhokhwa abezamabhizinisi zizodwa ziye zaba zinkulu kakhulu. Esinye isitolo sokudlela ukudla okuphekiwe sachitha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka siphikisa amahlebezi angamanga okuthi amahamburger aso ayenezimpethu. Inkampani eyazelwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yensipho yachitha iminyaka​—⁠nezigidi zamarandi⁠—​izama ukuphikisa amahlebezi okuthi uphawu lwenkampane yayo lwaluwuphawu lukaSathane nokuthi ngandlela-thile inkampane ngokwayo yayihileleke ekukhulekeleni kobudimoni.

Nokho, ngabantu abezwa ubuhlungu benhliziyo kakhulu nokulinyazwa ngamahlebezi. Kodwa, ngenxa yokuthi izindaba ezethusayo zivame ukuba nesasasa, abantu bathambekele ekuziqhubekeliseni phambili ngaphandle kokucabangela iqiniso noma imiphumela.

Ukuhleba Okubi​—⁠Ukunyundela

Ngokuvamile umona nenzondo kuyizimbangela zohlobo lokuhleba okulimazayo kakhulu​—⁠ukuhleba okubi, noma ukunyundela. Igama lesiGreki elisho “umnyundeli” ngelithi di·aʹbo·los, okuyigama elihunyushwe eBhayibhelini ngokuthi uDeveli. (IsAmbulo 12:⁠9) Leligama liyafaneleka, njengoba uSathane engumnyundeli omkhulu kaNkulunkulu. NjengoSathane, abanye bakhuluma ngabanye benenhloso embi. Ngezinye izikhathi isisusa siwukuziphindiselela, ngenxa yemizwa elinyaziwe noma umona. Kunoma yikuphi, bafuna ukuthuthukisa izithakazelo zabo siqu ngokubulala igama elihle labanye.

Nakuba inhlebo embi, noma ukunyundela, ngokusobala kuwukuhleba okugxekwa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zokuhleba, ukuba nengxenye kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhleba okulimazayo, olukufaka engxakini kuwukuziphatha okubi futhi akufanele. Khona-ke, umuntu angayivimbela kanjani inkulumo engalimazi ekubeni ibe ukunyundela okulimazayo?

[Isithombe ekhasini 5]

Inhlebo yobungane ngokuvamile ifeza injo-​ngo yokunikezelana ukwaziswa okuwusizo nokuqhubekisela phambili izingxoxo

[Isithombe ekhasini 6]

Inhlebo elimazayo ifana nodaka oludacekwa odongeni oluhlanzekile. Lungase lunganamatheli, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi lushiya ibala elingcolile

[Isithombe ekhasini 7]

Abanye abantu bayahleba ukuze badonsele konke ukunaka kubo