IQuinoa—Isitshalo Esiphawulekayo Sasogwadule

Ngomlobeli wePhaphama! eBolivia

ZIMBALWA izindawo ezinika abalimi ubunzima kunamathafa aseNingizimu Melika. Lapha, ikakhulukazi eningizimu eyomile, umhlabathi ongemuhle uchochobaliswa yilanga emini ubandiswe ubusuku. Ukuna kwemvula okungaphansi ngamamilimitha angu-200 ngonyaka, ngokuvamile kuza sekuyizichotho ezicekela phansi.

Noma kunjalo, lelizwe elimbozwe utshani likhiqiza isitshalo sasogwadule esingafeza indima ethile ekunciphiseni indlala esemhlabeni. Sibizwa ngokuthi iquinoa. Futhi asibalulekile nje kuphela kubalimi lapha eAndes kodwa nakubacwaningi emhlabeni wonke. Iyini kahle-hle iquinoa? Izakhamizi zaseAndes ziyisebenzisa kanjani? Futhi kungani ngelinye ilanga ingase ithinte imbulunga yonke?

Ukudla Okumila Ogwadule

Iquinoa iyikhambi elinamaqabunga elikhula libe ngamamitha amabili ubude futhi likhiqize insada yezinhlamvu—izinhlamvu ezisebenza njengokudla okunomsoco. Iyisitshalo esiqine ngokumangalisayo esimila ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esibi sasemathafeni aseNingizimu Melika.

Ngokwesibonelo, owesifazane waseBolivia ogama lakhe linguFelicidad ulima indawo enamadwala amaningi ukuba ingalimeka. Nokho, uyakwazi ukutshala iquinoa ngokumane ambe imigodi enhlabathini ngethuluzi elisamkhonto bese efaka imbewu. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ngokunakekelwa okungatheni, iquinoa iyavuthwa. Khona-ke ugwadule luba nezinhlobonhlobo zemibala—ophuzi, opurple, oluhlaza okotshani, nobomvu. Kunezinhlobo ezingu-17 zequinoa, futhi ngokuvamile izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zimila ndawonye.

Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuvuna, izitshalo ziyasishulwa, zomiswe elangeni, bese zigqulwa ngesandla. Manje esinye isici esiphawulekayo sequinoa siba sobala. Ingagcinwa iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokuba yonakale. Iquinoa iyinto eyigugu ngempela phakathi nezinkathi ezinde zesomiso. Ngaleyondlela kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani iwukudla okuyinhloko kwabantu abakulengxenye yeBolivia. Kodwa ithakazelisa ngani kuwo wonke umhlaba?

Ukudla Okuphambili, Okunhlobonhlobo

Lapho abantu baseSpain beqala ukufika eMelika, bathola ukudla okuningi lokho ngokushesha okwaba okuthandwayo ematafuleni kuwo wonke umhlaba—ummbila, ucocoa, utamatisi, uphayinaphu, amantongomane, namazambane. Kodwa abayiqaphelanga iquinoa. Nakuba yayitshalwa kuyo yonke iAndes, abantu baseSpain bayibhekela phansi njengokudla kwezichaka. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abaningi babengasiqapheli lesitshalo esimangalisayo kwaze kwaba seminyakeni yamuva.

Yebo, emazweni akude kakhulu nogwadule lwaseBolivia, abantu baqala ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwequinoa. ISan Francisco Chronicle yathi, “Ingokusanhlamvu okusha-shá edolobheni. Njengoba kakade isibhekwa njengeyinhloko ezindaweni zokudlela ezaziwayo nezesimanjemanje eDolobheni laseNew York, iquinoa manje iwuhlobo lokudla oluphambili kulo lonke izwe.”

Siyini isizathu salo lonke lelisasasa? Izazi zezokudla ziye zathola ukuthi iquinoa inoshukela omncane nesitashi futhi inomhadlahadliso omningi namafutha angancibilikisiwe. Iqukethe amaminerali amaningi adingekayo namavithamini. Kodwa okuheha ngokuyinhloko ngokwezazi zezokudla amaprotheni akuyiquinoa—amaphesenti angu-50 ngaphezu kwalawo akukolweni, kuyioats, kuyibhali, noma irayisi futhi angawohlobo oluphambili. Inesilinganiso esikahle sama-amino acid esiwadingayo, kuhlanganise nebalulekile ebizwa ngokuthi ilysine leyo ngokuvamile eyimvela kancane kumaprotheni asemifinweni netholakala ngobuningi kuphela enyameni, enhlanzini, nasemaqandeni. Kungalesosizathu ochwepheshe bebiza iquinoa ngokuthi ingukudla okuphambili.

Esinye isici esiphawulekayo sequinoa siwukusebenziseka kwayo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Iquinoa inokunambitheka okuyingqayizivele, okusamantongomane. Ungayisebenzisa njengokudla okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni. Ungayisebenzisa ibanda nosalad, ishisa nokudla okunenyama, noma njengesibiliboco okugcinwa ngaso. Abantu baseAndes ikakhulukazi baye bathola izindlela eziningana zokudla iquinoa.

Owayeyisikhonzi esijikelezayo soFakazi BakaJehova eAndes wathi: “Angilokothi ngihambe ngingayiphethe iquinoa. Kumelwe ngihambe ngingathwele kakhulu, njengoba, njengawo wonke umuntu, ngihamba ngebhayisekili. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngiphatha isikhwama esinempuphu yequinoa ethosiwe. Uma ixutshaniswa namanzi, yenza isiphuzo esinomsoco.”

URosa, owesifazane waseBolivia owakhulela esigodini esisemathafeni, ukhumbula nezinye zezindlela zokusebenzisa izinhlamvu zequinoa. “Umama wayevame ukwenza isinkwa namaqebelengwana equinoa ngempuphu ayeyigaya ngetshe, futhi ngokuvamile wayemane asiphe iquinoa ebilisiwe neqanda.” Kamuva, uRosa wathuthela edolobheni futhi wasebenza iminyaka eminingi njengompheki womkhaya ocebile. Wabanambithisa ukudla abakuthanda kakhulu: isobho lequinoa! Uyachaza, “Umane uqobe uanyanisi, izaqathe, ubhontshisi omkhulu, nesikwashi, bese ukubilisa nezinhlamvu zequinoa ezigeziwe esobheni lenyama kuze kube yilapho izinhlamvu zequinoa ziqhuma.a Usawoti ungafakwa ngemva kokuba sekuvuthiwe.”

Iquinoa ephekwe kanjani ethandwa abantwana bakaRosa? “Amatortilla!” kumemeza umfanyana. “Ah, yebo,” kuphendula uRosa, “kulula ukuwenza. Umane upheke izinhlamvu zequinoa ezigeziwe njengoba ungase upheke irayisi ngaphandle kukasawoti. Khona-ke iquinoa ingase ibondwe ngesipunu yenziwa inhlama. Faka iqanda, ubisi oluncane, kanye nofulawa kakolo, ubonde. Manje usungafaka usawotshana necinnamon. Khona-ke thosa yonke lenhlanganisela njengoba ungathosa amapancake, isipuni esigcwele ngesikhathi—ave kumnandi!”

Isihluthulelo Sokuxazulula Indlala Esemhlabeni?

Izinhlangano zokusiza izindawo ezinendlala zikholelwa ukuthi iquinoa ingase ifeze ingxenye eyinhloko ekunciphiseni indlala esemhlabeni. Loluhlamvu luqinile futhi lungatshalwa endaweni embi ngaphandle kwamathuluzi okulima abizayo. Ngokuyitshala nolunye uhlobo, abacwaningi kakade sebeye bakhiqiza iquinoa eqine ngisho nangaphezulu ekwazi ukumelana nezimo ezimbi njengesichotho nesithwathwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomsoco futhi imnandi futhi ingaphekwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuthi iquinoa iyoyinciphisa yini inkinga yendlala embulungeni yonke noma cha, isikhathi kuphela esiyosho. Okwamanje, ungase ufune ukubona ukuthi ungayithola yini iquinoa endaweni yakini. Ngokucabanga okuncane nangokuzama izindlela ezihlukene, ungase ukwazi ukwenezela ekudleni okuphekayo ukudla okunomsoco okwenziwe ngequinoa—isitshalo esiphawulekayo sasogwadule.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]