Kungani Kumelwe Amahlathi Emvula Asindiswe?

ISIXUKU sibukela umdlalo webhola lezinyawo futhi sibongela ngomfutho. Sifisa sengathi lomdlalo ungaqhubeka udlalwa ngokungapheli. Kodwa silokhu sidubula abadlali. Ngamunye ngamunye, abafile bayakhishwa enkundleni. Isixuku siqala ukuthukuthela lapho izinga lomdlalo lehla.

Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi kufana ncamashí nalokhu. Abantu bayawajabulela amahlathi, eqinisweni, bancike kuwo. Kodwa balokhu bebulala okufana nabadlali: izinhlobo ngazinye zezitshalo nezilwane, ezikuhlobana kwazo okuyinkimbinkimbi kuyikho okwenza amahlathi aphile. Nokho, lokhu kungaphezu komdlalo. Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi kuyakuthinta. Kuthinta uhlobo lwempilo yakho, ngisho noma ungakaze ulibone ihlathi lemvula.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene zezinto eziphilayo, lokho ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi ibiodiversity, abanye abaphikisa ngokuthi kuyinto ebaluleke kunazo zonke emahlathini emvula. Ingxenye yekhilomitha-skwele yehlathi lemvula laseMalaysia ingase imile izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ezingu-835, ezingaphezu kwezaseUnited States naseCanada kuhlangene.

Kodwa loluchungechunge oluchumayo lokuphila luntekenteke. Omunye usosayensi waqhathanisa uhlobo ngalunye nezinsinjana ezisamabholidi ezisendizeni. Lapho lezinsijana eziqaqekayo ziziningi, kulapho ezinye ziqala khona ngokwengeziwe ukwehluleka ukubamba ngenxa yokucindezeleka okwandayo. Uma lokho kuqhathanisa kusebenza, iplanethi yethu “iyindiza” esenkingeni. Njengoba amahlathi emvula encipha, abanye balinganisela ukuthi izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ziyafa minyaka yonke, ukuthi izinga lokuqothula manje selishesha ngokuphindeke izikhathi ezingu-400 kunalokho elike laba yikho emlandweni weplanethi.

Ososayensi babubulela ukulahleka ngokuphelele kolwazi okubangwa yilokhu kwehla ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane. Bathi kunjengokushisa umtapo ngaphambi kokuba ufunde izincwadi ezikuwo. Kodwa kunokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezinto eziwusizo. Ngokwesibonelo, amaphesenti angu-25 emithi enikezwa abantu eUnited States akhiwe ngezitshalo ezisemahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Omunye umuthi onjalo wenyusa izinga lokuqedwa kwezimpawu zomdlavuza wegazi wabantwana ulisusa kumaphesenti angu-20 ngawo-1960 uliyisa kumaphesenti angu-80 ngo-1985. Ngakho, ngokweWorld Wildlife Fund, amahlathi emvula “amelele imboni yemithi enkulu.” Futhi izitshalo ezingenakubalwa azikatholakali, kungasaphathwa ukuhlolwa ukuthi zingasetshenziswa yini kwezokwelapha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bambalwa kithi abaqaphelayo ukuthi zingaki izitshalo zokudla kwethu ezitholakala ezitshalweni ezazitholakala emahlathini emvula ekuqaleni. (Bheka ibhokisi ekhasini 11.) Kuze kube namuhla, ososayensi baqoqa amagene ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zalezitshalo ezingamelana nezimo ezingezinhle, ezimila emahlathini futhi bazisebenzisele ukusekela ukungangenwa yizifo kwenzalo yazo entekenteke kakhulu, izitshalo zasekhaya. Ososayensi baye bonga amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi ekulahlekelweni izitshalo ngaleyondlela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, asazi ukuthi yikuphi ukudla kwasemahlathini emvula okusengavela futhi kuthandwe emhlabeni wonke. Abantu abaningi baseNyakatho Melika abazi ukuthi eminyakeni eyikhulu nje edlule, okhokho babo babebheka ubhanana njengesithelo esivamile, sakwelinye izwe futhi bekhokha amadollar amabili ngobhanana umunye, osongwe ngawodwa.

Umbono Wembulunga Yonke

Umuntu ngokwakhe uyisisulu sokugcina sokuqedwa kwamahlathi. Imiphumela endaweni yembulunga yonke ikapakela ngaphandle ize isibekele umhlaba. Kanjani? Ake sibheke futhi ihlathi lemvula elivamile ngomunye umbono. Njengoba igama lisho, imvula iyisici salo esivelele. Kungase kune imvula engamamilimitha angu-200 ngosuku, engaphezu kwamamitha angu-9 ngonyaka! Ihlathi lemvula likuklanyelwe kahle kakhulu ukubhekana nemvula enkulu kakhulu ena kulo.

Umpheme uqeda amandla amaconsi ukuze angaguguli inhlabathi. Amaqabunga amaningi anezihloko ezinde eziconsisayo, ezinqamula amaconsi amakhulu. Ngaleyondlela, imvula ena ngamandla yenziwa amaconsi aconsa kancane, awela enhlabathini angashayi kakhulu. Izihloko futhi zivumela amaqabunga ukuba achithe amanzi ngokushesha ukuze abuye aphefumule, ebuyisela umswakama emoyeni. Izimpande zimunca amanzi angamaphesenti angu-95 afinyelela indawo ephansi yehlathi. Sekukonke, ihlathi limunca imvula njengesipontshi esikhulu bese liyidedela kancane kancane.

Kodwa uma ihlathi selingasekho, imvula iwela ngokuqondile futhi ngokunamandla emhlabathini ongavikelekile bese iwugugula ngobuningi. Ngokwesibonelo, eCôte d’Ivoire, eNtshonalanga Afrika, ihektare lehlathi lemvula elisemqansaneni lilahlekelwa cishe izingxenye ezintathu kweziyikhulu kuphela zethani lomhlabathi ngonyaka. Lona lelohektare njengendinyana egawuliwe, yalinywa, lilahlekelwa amathani angu-90 omhlabathi ngonyaka; amathani angu-138 njengendawo engalinyiwe.

Lolohlobo lokulahleka kwenhlabathi lwenza okungaphezu kokulimaza indawo yokulima noma yokuklaba kwezinkomo. Okudidayo ukuthi, amadamu, abangela ukuqedwa kwamahlathi okukhulu, wona ngokwawo alinyazwa yikho. Ehaqwe udaka oluthuthwa imifula luvela ezindaweni ezigawuliwe, agcwala ngokushesha ugqinsi lodaka futhi angabe esasebenza. Izindawo zasogwini nezindawo ezikhiqizayo nazo zoniwa udaka oluningi.

Imiphumela esimweni semvula nesezulu iyinhlekelele ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Imifula eqhuma emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo ngokuvamile igcwala unyaka wonke. Kodwa ngaphandle kokuba ihlathi liqondise ukugeleza kwamanzi emfuleni, iyachichima ngenxa yezimvula ezina kungalindelekile bese iyoma. Umjikelezo wezikhukhula nezomiso uyavela. Isimiso semvula singase sithinteke amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane, njengoba ihlathi lemvula ngokuphefumula kwalo linikela ngokungaphezu kwengxenye yomswakama emoyeni elikuwo. Ngaleyondlela, ukuqedwa kwamahlathi kungenzeka ukuthi kwaba nengxenye kokubili ezikhukhuleni zaseBangladesh nezomiso zase-Ethiopia ezabulala abantu abaningi kakhulu eshumini leminyaka elidlule.

Kodwa ukuqedwa kwamahlathi kungase futhi kuthinte isimo sezulu sembulunga yonke. Amahlathi emvula aye abizwa ngokuthi iphaphu lomhlaba eliluhlaza ngenxa yokuthi adonsa icarbon dioxide emoyeni futhi asebenzise icarbon ekwakheni iziqu, amagatsha, namagxolo. Lapho ihlathi lishiswa, yonke leyocarbon igcwala emoyeni. Inkinga iwukuthi, umuntu ulahlela icarbon dioxide eningi kakhulu emoyeni (kokubili ngokushisa izinsalela zezihlahla zakudala nangokuqeda amahlathi) kangangokuthi kungenzeka kakade useshukumise isimo esithinta imbulunga yonke sesifudumezi esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukushisa okubabazekayo, esisongela ukuncibilikisa iqhwa leplanethi lasezindaweni ezibanda ngokweqile nokwenyusa amazinga okuphakama kolwandle ezindaweni zasogwini.a

Khona-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi abantu emhlabeni wonke bayahileleka kulenkinga. Ingabe bayasiza? Ingabe kwethenjiswa ikhambi elithile? Yiliphi ithemba elikhona kulesisimo esibucayi kangaka?

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 11]

Inala Evela Emahlathini Emvula

Ingabe sikhona isiqeshana sehlathi lemvula elisendaweni eshisayo eduze kwakho njengamanje? Cabangela okunye kokudla okwakutholakala emahlathini emvula emhlabeni wonke: irayisi, ummbila, ubhatata, imanioc (icassava, noma itapioca), umoba, obhanana, amawolintshi, ikhofi, utamatisi, ushokoledi, uphayinaphu, ukwatapeya, ivanilla, igrapefruit, izinhlobonhlobo zamantongomane, izinongo, netiye. Ngokugcwele ingxenye yezitshalo zokudla komhlaba wonke isekelwe ezitshalweni ezavela emahlathini emvula! Futhi lokho okunye nje kwalokho kudla.

Cabanga ngemithi: Ama-alkaloid atholakala ezihlahleni zamagilebhisi asetshenziswa njengokuphumuza izicubu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa; izithako zehydrocortisone ezisebenzayo zokulwa nokusha kwangaphakathi, iquinine yokulwa nomalaleveva, idigitalis yokwelapha isifo senhliziyo, idiosgenin esetshenziswa ekwenzeni amaphilisi okuvimba inzalo, neipecac yokushukumisa ukuphalaza, konke kuvela ezitshalweni ezisemahlathini emvula. Ezinye izitshalo ziye zaveza ithemba ekulweni nengculaza nomdlavuza, kanye nesifo sohudo, imfuluwenza, inxeba lenyoka, nesifo samehlo iconjunctivitis nezinye izinkinga zamehlo. Ukuthi yimaphi amanye amakhambi okungenzeka asacashile, akwaziwa. Izinhlobo zezitshalo zasemahlathini emvula ezingaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa ziye zahlolwa ososayensi. Esinye isazi sesayensi yezitshalo sabubula: “Sibhubhisa izinto esingazi ngisho nokuthi ziyaphila.”

Kuneminye imikhiqizo eminingi evela emahlathini anyamalalayo: ilatex, amaresin, amawax, ama-acid, ialcohol, izithako, izinongo ezinoshukela, odayi, amafiber njengalawo asetshenziswa ezimpahleni zokuhlenga abaminzayo, inhlaka esetshenziselwa ukwenza ushingamu, uqalo, nerattan—khona ngokwakho okuyisisekelo semboni enkulu, yembulunga yonke.

[Umdwebo/Isithombe ekhasini 9]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

INdima Yehlathi

[Isithombe ekhasini 10]

Imiphumela Yokuqedwa Kwamahlathi