Amanani Aphakamayo—Izindleko Zabantu
Ngomlobeli wePhaphama! eSpain
“Sesikuyeke ngokuphelele ukudla otamatisi ngoba bamba eqolo. Futhi izithelo nje, angikhumbuli nokuthi ngagcina nini ukuzithenga,” kusho ngokudabuka inkosikazi yomuzi eNdiya.
“Asikwazi ukuthenga izicathulo noma izimpahla,” kukhala isisebenzi saseMexico sasembonini eyenza izindwangu, esizama ukondla umkhaya wabahlanu. “Eminyakeni emine edlule, sasinemali encane, kodwa yonke into yayishibhile. Manje imali ayisathengi lutho.” Ezweni lakubo amandla okuthenga epeso ehla ngamaphesenti angu-35,4 phakathi kuka-1982 no-1986.
UMuhammed elGhani ungunogada eCairo, e-Egypt, lapho amanani ezinye ezidingo ephindeke kabili enkathini eyodwa nje eyizinyanga eziyi-12. “Sinemali yokuthenga ukudla kosuku ngalunye,” uyachaza, “futhi kunezinsuku esingenakukwazi ukudla ngazo.”
EBrazil isisulu esineshwa sengozi yesitimela kwadingeka silinde iminyaka engama-20 ngaphambi kokuba inkantolo inqume ngesinxephezelo saso. Ekugcineni saklonyeliswa ngesinxephezelo sanyanga zonke esilingana nengxenye yomholo ophansi kunayo yonke owawuholwa ngesikhathi sengozi. Nokho, ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali lemali cishe ayanelanga ngisho nemali yebhasi lapho eyoyilanda.
UBala waseNigeria, onguyise wezingane ezintathu kakade, waquleka lapho ezwa izindaba zokuthi umkakhe wayesanda kubeletha amawele amathathu. Naphezu kokusebenza ezindaweni ezimbili, imali engena ekhaya yayingenele neze ukuba ihlangabezane nezidingo eziyisisekelo, namanani okudla aye aqhubeka ephakama. Uyazi ukuthi kuyoba okungenakwenzeka ukuba anakekele ngisho nezidingo eziyisisekelo zabantwana bakhe. Wayekulungele ukunikela ngabantwana bakhe kubantu abafuna ukuzitholela bona.
Imininingwane ingase ihluke, kodwa indaba iyafana emhlabeni wonke. Izindleko zokuphila ziphakama ngokuqhubekayo. Kwabaningi, isinkwa nobisi kuye kwaba ukunethezeka, futhi ukudla kathathu ngosuku kuyinto engavamile. Umbiko ovela eNigeria uthi: “Isinkwa, ukudla okuyisisekelo kwabantu abaningi baseNigeria kuze kube manje, sidliwa izicebi kuphela. Irayisi lidliwa ngezikhathi zemikhosi kuphela.”
Abanye banciphisa inkinga ngokusebenza amahora engeziwe, kodwa abanye bakuthola kunzima noma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola umsebenzi. Baphoqelekile ukuba banikele usuku ngalunye emsebenzini ongapheli futhi ngokuvamile ongenanzuzo wokufuna ukudla. Kubo, akukhona nje ukuthi bazobhekana kanjani nezindleko zokuphila, kodwa kunalokho, kuyindaba yokuzabalazela ukuhlangabezana nezindleko zokuqhubeka bephila.
Umenzi walobubi ezikhathini eziningi ukwehla kwamandla emali, noma amanani aphakamayo. Amaholo angase nawo aphakame, kodwa kuyethukela ukuba ahambisane nokuphakama kwamanani. Abahlupheka kakhulu ikakhulukazi yilabo abahola impesheni. Emazweni amaningi asathuthuka emhlabeni, kube nokwehla okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokuphila eminyakeni yamuva. Ngezinga lomhlaba wonke kungashiwo ngempela ukuthi nakuba abacebile bengaqhubeka beceba, abampofu ngokuqinisekile bayaqhubeka beba mpofu. Ingabe isimo sinjalo nasezweni lakini?
Udlame Olubangelwa Ubunzima Obungokwezomnotho
Ngokungamangalisi, abaningi bazwakalisa ukungeneliseki kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, othisha abampofu basezifundazweni zaseChiapas naseOaxaca bamisa amatende endaweni evulekile eyinhloko yaseMexico benamathemba okuthi umlindelo wabo wawuyoletha ukulunga okungokwezomnotho. “Abantu bayaxhashazwa,” kugomela omunye wabo. Kwamanye amazwe kuye kwasuka izibhelu lapho amanani ephakama kakhulu.
Ubugebengu, obuchazwa abanye ngokuthi buwukuvukela kwabampofu ngokumelene nabacebile, okwenziwa buthule kodwa okuyingozi, nabo banda ngokushesha. Umhlangano wamaphoyisa wathi igagasi lezizwe zonke lobuhlongandlebe libangelwa ukuhlupheka okungathi sina kwezakhamuzi eziningi. Ukukhungatheka kwezomnotho ngezinye izikhathi kunomphumela omubi. Ngo-1987 emadolobhaneni amabili aseNdiya abantu abangaphezu kwama-50 abasesigabeni esiphakeme babulawa amakhulu ezisebenzi zasemapulazini ezilambayo ezazinomuzwa wokuthi zazixhashazwa abanikazi bamapulazi abasesigabeni esiphakeme.
Ubani Onecala?
Ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, kwenziwe ingcebo eyengeziwe kunanini ngaphambili. Kodwa ngokuyindida, njengoba lelikhulu leminyaka lisondela ekupheleni, izigidi ezandayo zibambeke ebumpofwini. Izithembiso zekusasa elingcono, intuthuko kwezomnotho, iholo elingcono kubo bonke, konke kungamaphupho ezombangezwe angafezeki avame kakhulu.
Ubani noma yini okufanele ibekwe icala? Abaningi babeka ohulumeni babo icala. Ohulumeni ohlangothini lwabo abangase babeke izimiso zezomnotho zamanye amazwe icala. Imithetho yomhlaba yezomnotho nayo iye yagxekwa ngokunamandla. Ngokusobala, izinkinga ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima ukuthola amakhambi. Esihlokweni esilandelayo, sizocabangela ezimbalwa nje zezimbangela eziyisisekelo zenkinga yezindleko zokuphila nokuthi kungani kunzima kangaka ukuzixazulula.