Lokho AmaKatolika Akushoyo Ngokungenzi-phutha
AMAKATOLIKA amaningi ngokwawo ayibheka kanjani imfundiso yokungalenzi iphutha kopapa? ukukhulumela okulandelayo okwenziwa kumlobeli wePhaphama! eItaly:
UA. M., ummeli ongumKatolika waseBergamo, wathi: “Uma umuntu ezisholo ukuba umKatolika, khona-ke kumelwe akholelwe ezimfundisweni zamaKatolika ezingenakuphikiswa. Ukuthi inkinga yokungalenzi iphutha kopapa ayinakuchazwa ngendlela enengqondo kusobala—kuyimpikiswano yokholo. Kungaba ukuthi umuntu uyakholelwa yini noma cha.”
UP. S., umKatolika wasePalermo, uyavuma: “Okubalulekile embonweni wami, akukhona kangako ukuthi iBhayibheli liyayisekela yini imfundiso noma cha, kodwa ukuthi umsebenzi wayo ngaphakathi kwesonto ungaqinisekiswa yini, nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuqondile namuhla. Siphila ezweni elididekile, indidane yangempela yemibono. Abantu abasenakho ukuqiniseka, futhi kukhona lesidingo esikhulu somthombo oqiniseke ngempela abangathembela kuwo.”
Amanye amaKatolika ayagxeka. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ukugxeka kwawo kokungabaza kusekelwe ohlwini olungokomlando lokulandelana kopapa. “Ngisho nakuba ngingumKatolika oshisekayo, kunzima ngami ukukholelwa kulemfundiso [yokungenziphutha kopapa],” kwasho uL. J., umcosheli wezindaba waseRoma. “Umlando wopapa ubonisa okuphambene ngempela.”
UA. P., udokotela waseRoma, uthi: “Angiyikholelwa nakancane. Ungumuntu njengabo bonke abanye futhi wenza amaphutha. Ngokwesibonelo, uyaphambuka lapho ehileleka kwezombangazwe. UNkulunkulu kuphela ongawenzi amaphutha.”
Lemfundiso iye yahlukanisa abantu. Ngo-1982, edolobheni laseRoma, ikhaya leVatican, amaphesenti angama-57 amaKatolika acabangela imfundiso yokungenziphutha kopapa njengenye yezimfundiso ezingatshazwa kakhulu. EPortugal, amaphesenti angama-54,6 kuphela amaKatolika ayikholelwayo, futhi eSpain, amaphesenti angama-37 kuphela.
Ingabe kungaba ukuthi lemfundiso, esikhundleni sokuba inikele ebunyeni beSonto lamaKatolika, eqinisweni iye yabangela ukwahlukana nezimpikiswano? Ubufakazi obungokomlando bubonisa ukuthi iye yaba yimbangela yezimpikiswano kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, ngisho nangesikhathi somkhandlu owayimemezela ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka.
Ukwahlukana Nokuhlukumezana
Akuphikwa ukuthi kwakunezimpikiswano ezithile ezishubile phakathi kwababhishobhi nezikhulu zesonto lamaRoma ngesikhathi soMkhandlu weVatican ka-1870. ILa Civiltà Cattolica yalowonyaka yakhuluma “ngengxabano eshisayo,” ibonisa ukuthi ngisho namaJesuit imbala ayengalindele ukuthi “izimpikiswano ezinjalo zaziyovela naphezu kwaleloqiniso elingcwele.”
Isazimlando esingumJalimane uFerdinand Gregorovius sabhala ukuthi kwakukhona “imihlangano eshubile” emkhandlwini. Omunye owawubanjwe ngoMarch 22, 1870 wawungalawuleki nhlobo. UMbhishobhi uJosip Juraj Strossmajer, omunye wababhishobhi abaningi ababesemkhandlwini bemelene nemfundiso engenakuphikiswa yokungalenzi iphutha, wathuliswa ukukhankathwa ababhishobhi ababeyithanda. Imibiko yomkhandlu ilandisa ukuthi lapho uStrossmajer ayesakhuluma, lababhishobhi bamphikisa futhi ‘baklabalasa’ “ngomsindo” bethi: “Mkhipheni!” futhi bethi, “Yehla! Yehla!”
Ezinye izazimlando ziye zabonisa ukuthi upapa neZikhulu zamaRoma baletha ukucindezela okunamandla emalungwini omkhandlu ukuze benze imfundiso engenakuphikiswa ivunyelwe. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu,isazimlando esingumKatolika uRoger Aubert sikhuluma ‘ngengxabano’ uPius IX abanayo noKhadinali Guidi waseBologna, uPapa angazange ayithande inkulumo yakhe emkhandlwini. Ethukuthele egane unwabu, kubikwa ukuthi uPius IX wathi kukhadinali, owayekhulume ngesiko entshumayelweni yakhe: “Yimina isiko!”
Upapa wafuna ukuba imfundiso engenakuphikiswa ivunyelwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani: “Ngizimisele kakhulu ukuqhubeka,” washo, “kangangokuthi uma ngangicabanga ukuthi uMkhandlu ufuna ukungasho lutho, ngangizowuhlakaza, futhi ngangizozenzela ngokwami isimemezelo esingokomthetho ngalemfundiso. ILa Civiltà Cattolica yavuma: “Izenzo zabaningi emkhandlwini nezikaPapa uPius IX, kanye nokwenqatshelwa nobunzima obuthweswe abambalwa, akusamelwe kululazwe noma kubekelwe izaba zokuzithethelela.”
Enye incwadi yomlando ihlanganisa izenzakalo, ithi: “Amanxusa opapa asabisa ababhishobhi ukuze bavumelane nesimiso sokungenziphutha kopapa.” Nokho, “izenzo” ezinjalo azizange ziphumelele ekuqedeni izimpikiswano—zamane nje zaziqhubekisela phambili ngisho nangaphezulu. Ngemva komkhandlu, ingxenye yabefundisi abaphikisayo yalishiya iSonto lamaKatolika. Inhlangano “yamaKatolika Amadala” yakhiwa eqenjini elihlubukile, futhi namanje isekhona eAustria, eJalimane, naseSwitzerland.
Abangabazayo Banamuhla
Izimpikiswano ngalemfundiso azikaze ngempela ziphele. Ngo-1970, ekusondeleni kokugujwa konyaka we-100 wokuvunyelwa kwayo, zaqhuma ngenzondo enkulu.
Ekupheleni kwawo-1960, umbhishobhi waseDashi uFrancis Simons wabhala incwadi ethi Infallibility and the Evidence, aveza kuyo ngokusobala ukungabaza kwakhe ngokuphathelene nokungenziphutha kweSonto lamaKatolika nokukapapa. USimons wathi ngenxa yemfundiso yokungenziphutha, “kunokuba libe amandla aletha intuthuko nezinguquko ezinhle, iSonto liye laba inhlangano ekwesabayo okusha futhi ematasa nokulonda isikhundla sayo siqu.”
Ngokushesha kamuva kwafika ukuhlasela kobuchwepheshe kukaHans Küng, isazi sezenkolo esingumSwiss, lowo, ngencwadi yakhe ethi Infallible? An Enquiry nezinye izincwadi, owadonsa ukusabela okunonya endikimbeni ebusayo yabefundisi bamaKatolika. Khona-ke, ekupheleni kwawo-1970, uAugust Hasler wabhala: “Kuya kuba sobala ngokwengeziwe ukuthi asikho isisekelo semfundiso yokungenziphutha kopapa, eBhayibhelini noma emlandweni wesonto phakathi nenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka.”
Izazi zenkolo ezithembekile emfundisweni yesonto ziye zasabela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. ILa Civiltà Cattolica, ikhuluma “ngezinkinga, ukungabekezeli, nezinkathazo” okubangelwe “ukumenyezelwa kabusha kwemfundiso yokuba kukaPetru upapa wokuqala wamaRoma Katolika eyamiswa iVatican II.” UKarl Rahner wagcizelela ukuthi “izimfundiso ezingenakuphikiswa zihlala zinesizinda sazo esingokomlando futhi ziyokuvulekela njalo ukuchazwa kabusha.”
Uma izincazelo ezingokomthetho zemfundiso zinezincazelo ezintsha, zingaba kanjani ezingenaphutha? Zingawanikeza kanjani amaqiniso abantu abawafunayo? Nokho, kubaluleke ngisho nangaphezulu ukwazi ukuthi amaKristu akuqala amlandela yini upapa ongalenzi iphutha.
[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 6]
“Uyaphambuka lapho ehileleka kwezombangazwe.”—Udokotela waseRoma
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 7]
Miami Herald Publishing Co.