IZwe Kusukela Ngo-1914
Ingxenye 8:1920-1986 Njengoba Izwe Liwohloka, Maliqhubeke Likhanya Ithemba Lakho!
INGABE izimo zezwe ziyakuphazamisa, ziyakudumaza, mhlawumbe zize ngisho zikwethuse? Uma kunjalo, thola induduzo emazwini kaHenry Wadsworth Longfellow, ongenye yezimbongi ezidume kakhulu zaseUnited States zekhulu le-19 leminyaka. Wabhala: “Lapho sekuzokusa kuba mnyama kakhulu,”
Abanyathelisi bePhaphama! bacabanga ukuthi lamazwi ayasebenza ezweni lethu kusukela ngo-1914. Ngokusekelwe ekutadisheni kwabo iBhayibheli, bakholelwa ukuthi ubumnyama obandayo bobusuku balelizwe bumane nje buyisiboniso sokuntwela kokusa okusondelayo kosuku olusha olukhanyayo. Lokho okuye kwenzeka kusukela ngo-1970 kuqinisa ukholo lwabo. Cabangela ubufakazi.
Ukususwa Kokuthula Emhlabeni
Ngo-1970 impi yobushokobezi yagqashuka ePhilippines; ngo-1976 kwaqala ubutha phakathi kweNingizimu Afrika neAngola. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho ivietnam neKampuchea (Cambodia) aqala impi yesithathu elndo-China esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka engama-35. Ngo-1980 izizwe ezingamalslam zaselran naselraq zaqala ukubulalana. Esikhathini esingangonyaka kamuva, impi yobushokobezi yayidlanga eNicaragua. IGreat Britain neArgentina alwa ngo-1982 ebanga iziQhingi zaseFalkland. Sezizonke, izimpi ezagqashuka kusukela ngo-1970 zingaphezu kwama-50.
Olunye uhlobo lwempi—ubuphekula—lwabhebhetheka phakathi nawo-1970. Khumbula abanye abantu abadumile abafa ngenxa yokuhlasela kwamaphekula noma babulawa yinhlamvu yombulali: UNdunankulu waseSpain uLuis Carrero Blanco ngo-1973; iNkosi uFaisal waseSaudi Arabia noMongameli Mujibur Rahman waseBangladesh ngo-1975; umholi waseItaly uAldo Moro ngo-1978; uMongameli waseNingizimu Korea uPark Chung Hee nomzala weNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi, uLord Mountbatten, ngo-1979; ngo-1981 uMongameli waseGibithe uAnwar Sadat; futhi ngo-1984 uNdunankulu waseNdiya ulndira Gandhi. Phakathi naleyominyaka, kwenziwa imizamo engaphumelelanga ekuphileni kwawomongameli baseU.S. uGerald Ford noRonald Reagan, uNdunankulu waseBrithani uMargaret Thatcher, noPapa John Paul II.
Noma cabanga ngamaqembu aba yizisulu zobuphekula. EMidlalweni yamaOlympics yango-1972 eMunich, isehlakalo sokuthumba sashiya abantu abayi-17 befile, kuhlanganise nabagijimi bakwaIsrayeli abayi-11. Ongqongqoshe abayishumi nanye beOPEC babehlangene evienna, eAustria, ngo-1975 baba nenhlanhla kakhulu; nakuba bathunjwa, babaleka nokuphila kwabo. Ngo-1979 kwaqala iphupho elibi laseMelika lapho izakhamuzi ezingama-52 zaseU.S. zithunjwa eIran isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Ibhomu eliqhumayo endlini emnyama enkulu yaseBurma labulala abantu abayi-19 ngo-1983, kuhlanganise nezikhulu eziyi-16 ezazivakashile zaseNingizimu Korea. Ngo-1985 indiza yaseNdiya ijet yangena eAtlantic ngasogwini lwaseIreland; kwafa abantu abangama-329.
Loluhide lwezehlakalo aluphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, eNyakatho Ireland naseLebanon, cishe ubuphekula buyindlela yokuphila. iEncyclopedia edumile yathi “ukusetshenziswa kokuthumba indiza njengesenzo sobuphekula bezombangazwe kwaba yinkinga yezwe lonke ngawo-1970 futhi kwaqhubeka ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1980.” Ngakho nakuba ubuphekula bungakakuthinti wena siqu, amathuba okuthi buyokuthinta—ngenxa nje yobuzwe bakho noma ngenxa yokuba kwakho sendaweni engalungile ngesikhathi esingalungile—ayanda.
Ngokuqaphela lamaqiniso, ubani ongaphika ukuthi ‘ukuthula kuye kwasuswa emhlabeni,’ njengoba IsAmbulo 6:4 sabikezela ukuthi kwakuyoba njalo? Futhi, lokhu akusisusi nangayiphi indlela isithembiso sangaphambili seBhayibheli: “Uphelisa ukulwa kuze kubesemikhawulweni yomhlaba.” (IHubo 46:9) Ingabe inqubekela phambili iye yenziwa ngokuqondene nalokhu kusukela ngo-1970?
Ukufinyelela Ukuthula Lapho Kubanjwe Inkemba
Ngo-1970 uMongameli waseU.S. uNixon wamemezela izinhloso zikahulumeni wakhe zokuba “inkathi yokubhekana ngeziqu zamehlo” ithathelwe indawo “inkathi yokuxoxisana.” Ukuhlalisana ngokuthula kwakuzonikeza indawo ukwenziwa ngcono kokukhungatheka. Imibuso emikhulu yavumelana ngokuba ibe Nezingxoxo Zokunciphisa Izikhali Zempi (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks [SALT]), okwaholela empumelelweni encane ngo-1972 nango-1979. Umoya ogcwele intuthu yeziqhumane waseBerlin wancipha njengoba ubuhlobo phakathi kwamazwe amabili aseJalimane babuthuthuka. Ngo-1973 Umhlangano Omkhulu Wokuthula Nokubangisana wezizwe ezingama-35 eYurophu wavulwa eHelsinki. Amathemba akhula.
Nokho, intuthuko ayiphelelanga eYurophu. Ngemva kwamashumi amabili eminyaka yokungathintani, iUnited States nePeople’s Republic of China aqala ukubuyisela ubuhlobo esimweni esijwayelekile. Izingxoxo zabo zaziwa ngokuthi izingxoxo eziya emuva naphambili. Ngalesosikhathi, eMpumalanga ephakathi evame ukubhoka ngodlame, “izingxoxo ezintengantengayo” zabonakala ziphumelela. Ekugcineni, ngoMarch 1979, ngemva kwezivumelwano zaseCamp David, kwasayinwa isivumelwano sokuthula phakathi kweIsrayeli neGibithe.
Lezizehlakalo, ngokufanayo nangezinye, zibonisa ngokukhanyayo ukuthi kusukela ngo-1970 izwe belikade lizama ukufinyelela ukuthula. Isimemezelo seUN sango-1982 sokuthi u-1986 kwakuzoba Unyaka Wokuthula Wezizwe Zonke sasebenzela ukuqinisekisa lokhu. Eqinisweni, lowo ‘ophelisa ukulwa,’ iBhayibheli elibhekisela kuye, akayena umuntu kodwa unguNkulunkulu. Nokho, isiprofetho seBhayibheli sibikezela ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba uNkulunkulu enze kanjalo, abantu bayothi, “Ngukuthula nokuhlala kahle.” —1 Thesalonika 5:3.
Kodwa nakuba lifinyelela ukuthula ngesinye isandla, ngesinye isandla izwe liphethe, njengoba kwakunjalo, inkemba enkulu. (Qhathanisa nesAmbulo 6:4.) Ngendlela yokukhohlisa, liye lahloma ngendlela engakaze ibonwe. UMary Kaldor weScience Policy Research Unit, eYunivesithi yaseSussex, usitshela ukuthi “kusukela ngo-1971 kuya ku-1980, ukuhwebelana ngezikhali kwezwe lonke kwaphindeka kabili ngezimiso ezingokoqobo”—futhi hhayi nje ngenxa yemibuso emikhulu. Uthi: “Ukwanda kwezikhali ezazithengiselwa amazwe angakathuthuki kwakuphakeme.”
Eminyakeni eyishumi nengxenye yokugcina, ukuzivikela kuye kwaba okubaluleke kangangokuba ngomunye unyaka wamuva nje izizwe ezingama-77 zabekela eceleni amaphesenti angaphezu kwayi-10 emali yazo ephelele ekusetshenziselweni ezempi nokuzivikela. Eqinisweni, izizwe ezingama-20, cishe ingxenye yazo eseMpumalanga ephakathi eqhumayo, zachitha ingxenye engaphezu kweyodwa kwezine yemali yazo egciniwe ekuzivikeleni. Lokhu kuye kwenzeka ezweni elithi liye laba nokuthula kusukela ngo-1945!
Akumangalisi ukuthi isikhulu sezempi muva nje sathi siphila “enkathini yokuthula kodlame.” Yingakho nje iNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene namalungu ayo ayi-159 ekupheleni kuka-1985—aye aphakama esuka kwayi-127 ngo-1970—iye yacindezeleka ukuba ilondoloze ukuthula sokulondeka kwezizwe zonke. Amathemba amakhulu abekwa kuyo lapho isungulwa aye angagcwaliseka. Intatheli uRichard Ivor uthi esinye isizathu sokwehluleka kwayo siwukuthi “ayikaphumeleli ekushintsheni izinhliziyo nezingqondo zabantu abahola amazwe noma zabantu abayizakhamuzi zawo.” UHugh Caradon, owayeyinxusa laseBrithani kuUN, wakubeka ngendlela efinyezwe kakhudlwana: “Ngokuyisisekelo akukho lutho olungalungile ngeZizwe Ezihlangene —ngaphandle kwamalungu ayo.”
Nangaphansi kwaziphi izimo, manje kunanini ngaphambiii, intuthuko yezomnotho, engokwenkolo, noma yezombangazwe ezweni elilodwa ingaveza ngokushesha ukusabela emhlabeni wonke.
Izinkinga Ezingokwezomnotho
Ngokwesibonelo, uyakhumbula emuva ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1970 lapho iOPEC iqala ukukhuphula intengo kawoyela isuka cishe ku-$4 umgqomo iya ku-$35 ngo-1981? Waba yini umphumela? IThe New Encyclopedia Britannica, ithi: “Lesikhali esinguwoyela sakuqinisa ukwehla kwamandla emali ezizweni ezithuthukile nakwezezimboni futhi sakha izinkinga ezinzima zezemali ezizweni ezithile zaseYurophu; sabangela umonakalo emnothweni wezizwe eziningi ezingakathuthuki.”
Isazi sezomnotho uR. N. Gardner uxwayisa ngokuthi “isimiso esikhona manje sezinhlangano zezwe lonke zezomnotho asisihle neze nokuthi awekho amalungu eZizwe Ezihlangene angalindela ukudlulela ngokulondekile ekhulwini leminyaka lama-21 ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kabusha okubalulekile kwalamalungiselelo.” Kakade, amazwe anjengeMexico, iBrazil, neNigeria aseseduze ngokusengozini nokungabi namali. Ukuntengantenga kwesimiso sezwe sezomnotho kuyoba nemiphumela engathi sina esikhathini esiseduze esizayo.
Ingozi yesiteshi esiphehla amandla enuzi saseChernobyl eSoviet Union sisakaza ukungcola okuwushevu kuyo yonke iYurophu!
Inkolo Nezombangazwe
Phakathi nawo-1970, obunye ubuso obusha obuvela ezweni lenkolo babonakala esigcawini sezombangazwe. EUnited States kweza uJerry Falwell neMoral Majority yakhe; eIran, uayatollah othi umiswe ngokwaphezulu; eYurophu, abefundisi bamaKatolika nabamaprothestani babambana ngezandla ekumasheleni ukuthula nokumelana nenuzi; eNingizimu Afrika, umbhishobhi uDesmond Tutu waseSheshi, omelene nobandlululo, owazuza umklomelo kaNobel. Kodwa akekho oye wadonsa ukunaka kwabantu njengoPapa John Paul II wasepoland, okubikwa ukuthi isikhulu saseVatican sake sathi ngaye: “Ngisho noma ekhuluma ngeMisa libonakala linezincazelo ezingokwezombangazwe.”
Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1970 intatheli yephephandaba yabikezela ukuthi “ukuhlangana phakathi kwezombangazwe nenkolo kungase kuzuze ukubaluleka okusha ekushintsheni kwesimo esingokwenhlalo yabantu [saseUnited States].” Lokhu kuye kwabonakala kuyiqiniso, kodwa lomkhuba awuzange ugcine ezweni elilodwa. 1-1985 Britannica Book of the Year ithi: “igama elithi ‘inkolo’, nelithi ‘ezombangazwe’ ahanjiswa ndawonye ezindabeni kuwo wonke u-1984 kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba.” Kodwa kukhona ukushayisana okukhulayo phakathi kwalezizinto ezimbili, njengoba ivuma: “Ukuxabana ngamazwi phakathi kweziphathimandla zikahulumeni nezenkolo kwakuyisenzakalo somhlaba wonke.” Lokhu kuthandana okungcolile ngokomoya phakathi kwenkolo nezombangazwe ngokushesha kuzophela ngenhlekelele.—IsAmbulo, isahluko 18.
Izinkinga Ezandayo, Nokho Kunethemba
Umhleli wamaphephandaba amaningana uGeorgie Anne Geyer, uyabhala: “Lokho okuye kwenzeka . . . ngawo-1970 nangawo-1980, kuwukuthi izwe lidliwa buthule kodwa ngokungenamusa ukuwohloka okuhamba kancane.” Ngaphandle kwezimbangela zalokhu kuwohloka kakade osekushiwo, ingabe ungacabanga ngokunye? Ukungcola? Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemilaliso? Ukuziphatha okungalungile kwezikhulu zomphakathi? Inkinga yababaleki? Indlala? Izifo ezisanda kutholwa xijengeLegionnaires disease, isifo esibangela umkhuhlane nokuqubuka, nesesabisa kunazo zonke, iAIDS?
oFakazi BakaJehova babona kuzo zonke lezehlakalo ubufakazi bokuthi ubumnyama bobusuku balelizwe buyajula, njengoba nje iBhayibheli labikezela. Futhi, abangaphezu kwezi-3 000 000 babo emhlabeni wonke—ababesuka esi-1 483 430 ngo-1970-bagcwele ukuba nombono omuhle wesikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi othile omkhulu kakhulu kunoLongfellow usiduduza ngethemba lokuthi “lapho sekusa kuba mnyama kakhulu.” lNdodana kaNkulunkulu ngokwayo leyo, ngemva kokukhuluma ngezimo eziba zimbi ezinsukwini zokugcina ezabikezelwa, eyathi: “Nxa kuqala ukuvela lokho, lulamani, niphakamise amakhanda enu, ngokuba kusondele ukukhululwa kwenu.”—Luka 21:28.
Akekho kithi ongaguqula isikhathi esidlule noma aqede usizi nokuhlupheka abantu abaye bakuzwa EZWENI KUSUKELA NGO-1914. Kodwa singenza ngokuhlakanipha kwaphezulu futhi sizilungiselele ikusasa elijabulisayo. Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza lokhu siwukuqaphela ukuthi izimo zezwe eziya ziba zimbi ziwubufakazi obungenakuphikwa bokuthi ubusuku obumnyama bokubusa kukaSathane busondela ekupheleni nokuthi usuku oluphelele loMbuso kaNkulunkulu omisiwe luzontwela ngokushesha.
“Omubi akayikubanamvuzo,” kwaxwayisa iNkosi ehlakaniphile uSolomoni. Futhi, kunjengoba athi, “kuyakubakhona isikhathi esizayo” ngalabo abathola ukuhlakanipha. (izAga 24:14, 20) Kungokuthakazelisayo futhi ukuphawula amazwi kaLyndon B. Johnson owayenguMongameli waseU.S.: “Usuku lwayizolo akulona olwethu ukuba siluthole, kodwa ikusasa elethu ukuba silizuze noma lisilahlekele.” “Ikusasa”—ikusasa elingenasiphelo emhlabeni oyipharadesi ngaphansi koMbuso kaNkulunkulu—lingelethu ngabanye “ukuba silizuze noma lisilahlekele.” Kuyoba yini ukukhetha kwakho?
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 14]
Ezinye Izihloko Okwakungezezindaba
Ngo-1970—IThe People’s Republic of China iba umbuso womhlaba wesithathu womkhathi ngokuthumela isatellite
Ngo-1973—Ukuketulwa ngempi kugumbuqela uhulumeni waseChile wobukhomanisi futhi kuphumela ekufeni kukaMongameli Allende
Ngo-1974—Ukuphamba kwaseWatergate, okwaqala ngo-1972, kufinyelela umvuthwandaba wakho njengoba uMongameli waseU.S. uNixon eshiya phansi isikhundla sakhe esehlazweni
Ngo-1976—Uchungechunge lokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, kuhlanganise nokwaseChina ngokunokwenzeka okubizwa ngokuthi okubhubhisa kunakho konke emlandweni womuntu, kubulala amakhulu ezinkulungwane
Ngo-1978—Umntwana wokuqala onesiqalo esingokwesayensi; uyazalwa eBrithani
Ngo-1979—Ingozi engathi sina embonini yenuzi yaseU.S. eThree Mile Island, epennsylvania
Ngo-1980—Kuqhuma intabamlilo yaseU.S. iNtaba iSt. Helens
Ngo-1981—Ukundiza kokuqala komkhumbimkhathi waseU.S. iColumbia
Ngo-1983—Icomputer ikhethwa ‘njengeNdoda Yonyaka’ yeTime
Ngo-1984—AmaSoviet aqopha irekhodi lezinsuku ezingama-237 emkhathini
Ngo-1985—Intabamlilo yaseColombia iNevado del Ruiz iyaqhuma, ibulala izi-25 000
Ukuzamazama komhlaba eDolobheni laseMexico kubulala izinkulungwane
Ngo-1986—Umkhumbimkhathi waseU.S. iChallenger uyaqhuma, futhi kulahleka osonkanyezi abayisikhombisa
[Izithombe ekhasini 15]
Kwangathi ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwalelizwe kungakubangela ukuba uphakamise ikhanda lakho futhi ujabule ngethemba lokuphila okungcono emhlabeni omusha