Wiase Nsɛm
“Nneɛma Afoforo a Ɛde Basabasa Ba”
So nyamesom mu ahofadi foforo a wɔanya wɔ Europa apuei fam no de asomdwoe ne biakoyɛ aba wɔ amammui fam ntawntawdi a ɛrekɔ so wɔ hɔnom no mu? Sɛnea France atesɛm krataa Le Monde ka no: “Roma Katolek ne Ortodoks asɔfo a wɔwɔ Romania. Ukraine, ne Poland apuei fam hye so no retwe wɔn a ɛsɛ sɛ nsɔre no yɛ wɔn dea ho manso.” Atesɛm krataa no ka kaa ho sɛ: “Nanso biribi a nyansa nnim wɔ mansotwe no mu . . . . Nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔrebedi nyamesom mu ɔko yi ho nsɛm a wɔrete bio wɔ Europa ne Caucasus a ɛresisi wɔ ntawntawdi a ɔmampɛ de ba nyinaa akyi no rema nsɛm afoforo a ɛde basabasayɛ ba sisi, na ɛmfa adepa biara ho akwanhwɛ mma.”
1991—Afe a Wɔkyekyɛɛ Bible Sen Biara
Sɛnea Ecumenical Press Service kyerɛ no, United Bible Society no afe afe Scripture Language Report da no adi sɛ wɔ 1991 mu no, “wɔ bere a edi kan mu no. . . . anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔkyerɛɛ Bible nhoma biako ase kɔɔ kasa horow aduasa abien mu,” na ɛmaa kasa horow a anyɛ yiye koraa no wɔakyerɛ Bible mu nhoma biako ase akɔ mu koduu 1,978. Dutch nsɛmma nhoma Vandaar ka sɛ afe koro no ara mu no, ɔman Bible akuw bɛboro ɔha tɔn Bible ɔpepem 16, a ɛyɛ 1990 de no so nkɔanim ɔha biara mu nkyem 3.5. Bible a wɔde kɔɔ Soviet Union (bɛboro 700,000) , Romania (bɛyɛ 340,000) , ne Bulgaria (140,000) maa Bible a wɔkyekyɛe wɔ Europa no nyaa nkɔanim ɔha biara mu nkyem 34, bere a nea wɔde kɔɔ China (bɛyɛ ɔpepem biako) ne Republic of Korea (ɔpepem 1.8) no maa nea wɔde kɔɔ Asia no nyaa nkɔanim ɔha biara mu nkyem 13. Nanso bere koro na ara mu no, Bible a wɔkyekyɛe wɔ Afrika no so tew ɔha biara mu nkyem 10 ne ɔha biara mu nkyem 11 wɔ Amerika aman mu. Vandaar de ka ho sɛ wɔtɔn Bible wɔ aman a ɛrenya nkɔso no mu gye sika a ɛyɛ obi da koro akatua.
Mmeae a Wɔde Nnuru Asɛe Hɔ
Wɔ Spain a heroin nom aka nnipa bɛyɛ 100,000 hɔ no, nnubɔne tɔn atrɛw akɔ nkurow akɛse pii mu—na asɛe nneɛma pii. Sɛnea Madrid nsɛmma nhoma Cambio 16 ka no: “Obiara nim” tebea a ɛkɔ so sɛe no ho asɛm, “obiara hu amane na obiara retwɛn ano aduru a wɔn nsa nka.” Wɔ Valencia kurow mu no, wɔn a wɔde nnuru di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so ma aka wɔn hɔ ne wɔn a wɔtɔn no abu so wɔ mmɔnten so ara ma wɔn a wɔte hɔ no yɛ ɔyɛkyerɛ anadwo biara de kasa tia wɔ wɔn mpɔtam hɔ a wɔresɛe hɔ no ho. Kurow no muni bi ka kyerɛɛ Cambio 16 sɛ: “Yentumi mfa yɛn mma nkodi agoru wɔ agodibea ahorow, efisɛ mpaane ayɛ hɔnom ma. Wɔtow hyɛ nkurɔfo so daa.” Saa ara na atesɛm krataa El País bɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔ beae bi a nnipa akyere so wɔ hɔ a ɛwɔ Madrid akyi no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wototow atuo daa.”
Abayifo Hwehwɛ
Nnipa pii a wɔwɔ Venda wɔ South Africa kusuu fam gye di sɛ nnipa nwu kwa. Sɛnea Indicator South Africa nsɛmma nhoma no bɔɔ amanneɛ no, wosusuw sɛ bayi anaa wɔn nananom ahonhom a wɔde wɔn ho gye nsɛm mu no na ɛde owu ba. Ɔkwan foforo so no, Venda mmofra pii a wɔn ho pere wɔn sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nsakrae no asi wɔn bo sɛ wobegu atetesɛm ahorow. Wɔafi ase hwehwɛ abayifo. Indicator South Africa kae sɛ: “Wɔ ehu bere yi mu no, wokum obiara a wɔbɔ no sobo sɛ ɔyɛ ɔbayifo no amonom ara a anoyi a wɔde ma mfa wɔn ho. . . . Ná 1990 March yɛ ɔsram a wɔde hyew wɔn a wɔbɔɔ wɔn sobo sɛ wɔyɛ abayifo no anadwo. Wɔ nkuraa bi ase no, wɔhyew nnipa bɛyɛ baanum anaa nea ɛboro saa a wɔbɔɔ wɔn sobo sɛ wɔyɛ abayifo no anaa wɔpam wɔn fii wɔn fie anadwo biara.”
Akode Tɔn Renya Nkɔso
Britania New Scientist nsɛmma nhoma no bɔ amanneɛ sɛ: “Wiase nyinaa akode tɔnfo renya nkɔso wɔ wɔn aguadi mu.” Dɛn na ɛma saa aguadi yi nya nkɔso? Amanaman ntam akode tɔn ho nhwehwɛmufo Chris Smith ka sɛ Soviet Union gu ne asomdwoe a Persia Gulf nnansa yi ɔko no ama afi hɔ no ama wɔhwehwɛ akode dedaw a ɛnyɛ papa pii wɔ Mfinimfini Apuei Fam ne Europa Apuei Fam. Smith ne Andrew Ross a wɔwɔ U.S Naval War College kyerɛ sɛ nea ɛhaw adwene koraa ne sɛ “Aman a Afei na Ɛrenya Nkɔanim no redan aman a wodi akode tɔn mu akoten.
Mmerantebere a Ɛkyɛ Hwehwɛ
Wɔkyerɛ sɛ nnuru pii a wɔtɔn no siw onyin ano. Sɛnea Consumer Reports nsɛmma nhoma no kyerɛ no, adanse nni hɔ a wɔde begyina nea wɔka no akyi. Bio nso, aboɔden nnuru yi betumi apira nnipa akyiri yi. Caleb Finch a ɔkyerɛ nnipa mu ntini nyin ho ade wɔ Kesee Fam California Sukuupɔn mu no kae sɛ: “Nneɛma soronko ba bere a wonom nnuru gu wo nipadua mu no. Ebiara wɔ nea ɛde ba, na ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wobetumi afa so aka sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ adwuma abom anaa nea akyiri yi ɛde bɛba ho asɛm ato hɔ.” Consumer Reports kae sɛ: “Nhwehwɛmufo nhwɛ kwan sɛ wobetumi ato nnipa nkwa nna so daakye a enni akyiri mu.” Nsɛmma nhoma no kae sɛ aduan a ɛsɛ, daa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, tawa ne nsanom bebrebe a wɔkwati, ne kɛseyɛ a ɛfata no betumi “de mfaso horow a wɔkyerɛ sɛ nnuru a ɛto nkwa so no de ba no ara aba.”
Nkokoaa a Wɔtow Wɔn Gu
Johannesburg atesɛm krataa Saturday Star ka sɛ: “Ɛnanom a wɔn ho yeraw wɔn reguan agyaw wɔn mma—ebinom adi asram bi pɛ—wɔ ayaresabea a ɛwɔ South Africa nyinaa. “Esiane sɛ ohia, adwuma a wonya nyɛ, ofie a wonni ne abasamtu a aka abom abunkam wɔn so nti, ɛnanom pii de wɔn mma kɔto ayaresabea ahorow wɔ din a ɛnyɛ wɔn de ne nyarewa a wonni mu na wogyaw wɔn wɔ hɔ.” Wɔama mmofra binom de afe ne akyi atra ayaresabea ahorow a wontumi nyi wɔn nkɔ mmeae a wɔhwɛ nyisaa efisɛ ɛhɔnom ayɛ ma. Wɔ ayaresabea ahorow bi no, mmofra a wogyaa wɔn no mu pii yɛ nkokoaa. Ɔbenfo Adele Thomas a ɔyɛ Johannesburg mmofra yiyedi kwankyerɛfo no kae sɛ: “Mmarima a wɔwɔ nkuraa ase ne mmea deda (wɔ nkurow akɛse mu) ma mmeawa a wonnyinyinii nyinsɛn, na wɔsan kɔ wɔn mmusua a wɔwɔ nkuraase no nkyɛn. Hwee nni hɔ a mmeawa yi bɛyɛ sɛ wobeguan agyaw wɔn mma no hɔ.” Ɔman mu ntawntawdi nso ka nea ɛma ɛba saa no ho. Ayaresabea sohwɛfo bi kae sɛ: “Bere a amumɔyɛ no dɔɔso titiriw na ɛmaa nnipa pii fii baabi a wɔte afe a etwaam no mu no, yehui sɛ ɛkɔɔ soro.”
Nokwaredi wɔ Europa
So ɔman mu ɔbra yɛ soronko wɔ aman horow mu wɔ Europa? Europa Abrabɔ Gyinapɛn Nhyehyɛe Adesua Kuw no bisabisaa nnipa 19,000 a wofi aman 13 mu na ama wɔahu eyi. Wobisaa wɔn mu biara sɛ ebia nneɛma bi te sɛ towtua mu nsisi, adanmude, nwura a wɔtow gu baabiara, ne Ɔman mmoa a wɔmfata sɛ wogye a wokogye no teɛɛ anaa. The European bɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔyɛ nokwaredifo kɛse ne Scandinaviafo. Dɛn ntia? Ɛhɔnom nnipa te nka sɛ wobetumi de wɔn ho ato ɔman no ahyehyɛde ahorow so, bere a wɔaman afoforo mu no, ɔman mu ɔbra a asɛe no da Ɔman no ho adwene a ɛnteɛ adi. Enti, ɛte sɛ nea nokwaredi da su a obi kura wɔ nnipa ho no adi. Jan Kerkhofs a anka ɔyɛ nnipa ntam abusuabɔ ho nyansahu ho ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo wɔ Belgium Leuven Sukuupɔn mu no kae sɛ: “Sɛ nnipa kura adwene a ɛnteɛ wɔ ɔman no ho a, na wɔwɔ nnipa ho biribiara ho adwene a ɛnteɛ.
Nneɛma a Anibere Wom a Ɔsadweamyɛ De Ba
Ɔsadweamyɛ sɛe ade. Ɛsɛe ɔsadweam no ne ɔmanfo nso ho nneɛma wɔ akwan pii so, te sɛ akwahosan ho sika a ɛkɔ soro, afie a agyigya, akwanhyia ahorow, ne owu. Nanso, aniberesɛm a wɔtaa bu ani gu so ne sika ankasa a ɔsadweam no sɛe no wɔ n’asanom a ontumi nnyae no ho no. Paris atesɛm krataa Le Figaro kyerɛ sɛ, nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ France no kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɔsadweam sɛe bɛboro frans 3,000 (sidi 1,500,000) ɔsram biara wɔ n’asanom no ho. Afei nso, nhwehwɛmu no daa no adi sɛ asanom sɛe ɔsadweam no abusua sika mu ɔha biara mu nkyem 50—na ɛsɛe wɔn a wɔn nkutoo na wɔte no sika mu ɔha biara mu nkyem 80. Bere a wogyaee asanom koraa afe biako no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ asadweam a wonyaa nhwehwɛmu yi mu kyɛfa no nyinaa asetra gyinapɛn kɔɔ soro. Wodii nnuan pa na wɔhyɛɛ ntade pa. Wɔn mu fã mpo tumi de sika siee.
Anyamekyerɛfo a Wɔne Wɔn Ho Da
Finland Helsinki Sukuupɔn no Nyamekyerɛ Suabea no wɔ ahyehyɛde bi ma asuafo a wɔne wɔn ho da. Asɔre no nsɛmma nhoma titiriw, kotimaa bɔ amanneɛ sɛ asuafo bɛyɛ 20 de wɔn ho ahyɛ kuw a wɔfrɛ wɔn Anyamekyerɛfo a Wɔne Wɔn Ho Da dwumadi mu. Anyamekyerɛfo a Wɔne Wɔn Ho Da nanmusifo biako kyerɛkyerɛɛ mu sɛ wɔ Finland no, mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da a wɔyɛ Anyamekyerɛfo ne asɔre mpanyimfo no dodow ne ɔman no mu nnipa a aka no dodow yɛ pɛ. Wonnim dodow pɔtee no, nanso wobu ano sɛ efi ɔha biara mu nkyem 4 kosi ɔha biara mu nkyem 10. Nyamekyerɛ asuafo yi rekasa atia pene a Finland asɔre no mpene so mma wɔnhyɛ wɔn a wogye tom wɔ baguam sɛ wɔyɛ mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da no asɔfo no.
Mpaatayi a Ɛyɛ Hu
U.S. Ɔman Nhwehwɛmu Bagua no daa nea efii nhwehwɛmu bi a ɛma wɔkae sɛ mpataa a woyi tɔn ka ɔman no mu nnwuma a asiane wom sen biara no ho adi nnansa yi. Sɛnea The New York Times kyerɛ no, nhwehwɛmu no hui sɛ mpaatayi adwuma no mu nnipa 47 a wowu wɔ adwumayɛfo 100,000 biara mu no ma ɛne sikatu adwuma bɔ so sɛ adwuma a asiane wom sen biara wɔ United States. “Wɔ Maine nkutoo no, sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu pɛpɛɛpɛ a, apofofo baasia wu afe biara wɔ wɔn adwuma no mu. Wɔ 1991 mu no ɛkaa kumaa na ebu bɔɔ ho. Bere a na mmɔnkɔ bo rekɔ fam no, apofofo a anka wonkoyi mmɔnkɔ wɔ awɔw bere mu no hui sɛ ehia sɛ wɔyɛ saa. The Times kae sɛ wɔ awɔw bere mu no, “nsukyenee ahyɛn, ɛpo a ehuru ne mframa a ano yɛ den ma adwuma a asiane wom no yɛ nea asiane wom kɛse mpo.”