Kusinagogi—Kwaiparidzira Jesu Nevadzidzi Vake
“Zvino akapota neGarireya yose, achidzidzisa mumasinagogi avo nokuparidza mashoko akanaka oumambo.”—MATEU 4:23.
MABHUKU eEvhangeri anotaura kakawanda nezvaJesu ari musinagogi. Mumakore matatu nehafu aaive nezvakawanda zvokuita, nguva zhinji Jesu aisarudza kunoparidzira nokudzidzisa vanhu nezvoUmambo hwaMwari mumasinagogi. Izvi aizviita kuguta raakakurira reNazareta, kana kuti kuKapenaume guta raaigara panguva yaaiita basa rake, kana kuti chero mune rimwe remaguta kana ruwa zvaakashanyira. Kutaura zvazviri, achitaura nezveushumiri hwaakanga aita, Jesu akati: “Ndaigara ndichidzidzisa mumasinagogi nomutemberi, munoungana vaJudha vose.”—Johani 18:20.
Ndizvo zvaiitawo vaapostora vaJesu nevamwe vaKristu vepakutanga, kazhinji vaidzidzisira mumasinagogi echiJudha. Asi vaJudha vakatanga sei kunamatira mumasinagogi? Uye dzimba idzi dzokunamatira dzakanga dzakaita sei kare ikako munguva yaJesu? Ngatimboonai kuti dzakanga dzakaita sei.
Nzvimbo Yaikosha Muupenyu hwevaJudha Katatu pagore, varume vechiJudha vaifamba kuenda kuJerusarema kumitambo yaiitirwa patemberi tsvene yaiva ikoko. Asi pakunamata kwavo kwezuva nezuva, masinagogi aiva pedyo navo ndiwo avaishandisa, zvisinei nokuti vaigara muPalestine kana kuti kune dzimwe nyika dzaiva nemapoka evaJudha.
Masinagogi akatanga kushandiswa rini? Vamwe vanofunga kuti akatanga kushandiswa vaJudha pavaive nhapwa kuBhabhironi (607-537 B.C.E.), temberi yaJehovha payakanga yakaparara. Kana kuti pangava pashure pokunge vaJudha vadzoka kwavakanga vatapwa, mupristi Ezra paakakurudzira vanhu kutsvaka zivo nokunzwisisa Murayiro waMwari.—Ezra 7:10; 8:1-8; 10:3.
Pakutanga shoko rokuti “sinagogi” raingoreva “vanhu vakaungana” kana kuti “ungano.” Rakashandiswa zvakafanana muSeptuagint, shanduro yechiGiriki yeMagwaro echiHebheru. Nokufamba kwenguva, shoko racho rakazoshandiswa kureva zvivako maiungana vanhu kuti vanamate. Pakazosvika zana remakore rokutanga C.E., anenge mataundi ose akashanyirwa naJesu aiva nesinagogi; mumaguta maiva neanoverengeka; muJerusarema maivawo neakawanda. Zvivako izvi zvakanga zvakaita sei?
Imba Yokunamatira Isiri Yemaoresa Pavaigadzirira kuvaka sinagogi, vaJudha vaitsvaga nzvimbo yakakwirira vonyora purani yechivako chacho zvichiita kuti masuo (1) atarise kuJerusarema. Asi zvinoita sokuti vaisaomerera zvavo pakuita saizvozvo, nokuti dzimwe nguva zvaisaita.
Yapera kuvakwa sinagogi yacho yaisava yemaoresa, mukati mayo makanga musina midziyo yakawanda. Chinhu chainyanya kukosha iareka (2) kana kuti nzvimbo yaichengeterwa mipumburu yeMagwaro Matsvene, aikosheswa chaizvo nevanhu vaigara munzvimbo iyoyo. Paiitwa misangano, areka yacho yakanga isingaremi yaitorwa uye vapedza misangano vaizoidzosera munzvimbo yakanga yakachengeteka (3).
Pedyo neareka yacho paiva nezvigaro zvemberi zvakanga zvakatarisa kwaiva neungano, (4) zvaiva zvevatungamiriri vesinagogi uye chero vaenzi vairemekedzwa. (Mateu 23:5, 6) Nechepakati peimba yacho paiva nechikuva chaiva nepokuisira mupumburu nechigaro chomukurukuri (5). Kumativi matatu kwaiva nemabhenji eungano akanga akatarisa kuchikuva (6).
Ungano yomunzvimbo yacho ndiyo yaiwanzobvisa mari yokutarisira sinagogi uye zvaiitwa ipapo. Chivako chacho chaigadziridzwa nemari yezvipo yaibviswa nevanhu vose vapfumi kana varombo. Asi misangano yaiitirwa musinagogi yakanga yakaita sei?
Kunamata Kwaiitwa Musinagogi Urongwa hwokunamata hwemusinagogi hwaisanganisira kurumbidza, kunyengetera, kuverenga Magwaro, uyewo kudzidzisa nokuparidza. Ungano yaitanga nokudzokorora munyengetero wokuratidza kutenda kwaiita vaJudha wainzi Shema. Zita iri rakabva pashoko rokutanga raiva murugwaro rwokutanga rwavaitora mashoko emunyengetero wacho uye rugwaro rwacho runoti: “Teerera [Shema], haiwa iwe Israeri: Jehovha Mwari wedu ndiJehovha mumwe chete.”—Dheuteronomio 6:4.
Vapedza, vaizoverenga uye vaitsanangura mabhuku mashanu okutanga eBhaibheri anonzi Torah muchiHebheru akanyorwa naMosesi. (Mabasa 15:21) Zvadaro, vaizoverengawo zvimwe zvikamu zvakanyorwa nevaprofita (zvinonzi haftarah) vozvitsanangura voratidza mashandisirwe azvo. Dzimwe nguva, vakurukuri vaishanya ndivo vaiwanzoita izvi papurogiramu yacho sezvakaitwa naJesu pachiitiko chinotsanangurwa pana Ruka 4:16-21.
Zviri pachena kuti mupumburu wakapiwa Jesu pamusangano wacho wakanga usina kunyorwa zvitsauko nendima sezvakaitwa maBhaibheri edu emazuva ano. Saka tinogona kufungidzira Jesu achibhedhenura mupumburu noruoko rwake rweruboshwe ukuwo rworudyi rwuchiumonerera kusvikira awana chikamu chaaitsvaga. Kuverenga kwapera, mupumburu waipetwa kuti uite sezvawakanga wakaita pakutanga.
Kakawanda, mipumburu iyoyo yaiverengwa mumutauro wechiHebheru yozoshandurirwa muchiAramaic. Ungano dzaitaura chiGiriki dzaishandisa Septuagint.
Chinhu Chaikosha Muupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva Sinagogi yaikosha chaizvo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevaJudha, zvokuti iyo pamwe chete nezvimwe zvivako zvakanga zvakabatana nayo kana kuti zvaiva panzvimbo iyoyo zvaishandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Dzimwe nguva nyaya dzematare dzaitongerwa imomo, uyewo misangano yevanhu vaikoko kunyange magungano zvaiitirwa imomo, vanhu vachizopiwa zvokudya mudzimba dzokudyira dzakanga dzakabatana nayo. Dzimwe nguva vaiva parwendo vaiwana pokurara mudzimba dzakanga dziri pedyo nesinagogi.
Zvinoita sokuti mutaundi roga roga, sinagogi yaivawo nechikoro, kazhinji kacho chiri pachivako ichocho. Tingafungidzira imba yakazara vadzidzi vaduku vachidzidza kuverenga mabhii makuru akanyorwa nemudzidzisi pakabhodhi kakazorwa namo. Zvikoro zvakadaro ndizvo zvainyanya kuita kuti vanhu vechiJudha vekare vagone kuverenga, zvokuti kunyange vanhuwo zvavo vaitoziva Magwaro.
Kunyange zvakadaro, sinagogi rainyanya kushandiswa kuti vanhu vagare vachinamatira. Saka hazvishamisi kuti misangano yevaKristu vemuzana remakore rokutanga yakanga yakafanana chaizvo nemisangano iyoyo yevaJudha yaiitirwa musinagogi. Pamisangano yechiKristu, chinangwa chacho chaivawo chokunamata Jehovha, vanhu vachinyengetera, vachiimba nziyo dzokurumbidza, uye vachiverenga nokukurukura Shoko raMwari. Kufanana kwacho hakungogumiri ipapo chete. Mari yezvaidiwa zvakasiyana-siyana yaishandiswa kusinagogi uye munzvimbo dzaishandiswa pakunamata yaibva pazvipo zvaipiwa nomunhu asingamanikidzwi; vafundisi havasi ivo chete vaiverenga uye vaikurukura Shoko raMwari; uyewo misangano yaitungamirirwa nokurongwa nevarume vakuru.
Mazuva ano, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinoedza kunyatsotevedzera zvakaitwa naJesu uye vateveri vake vomuzana remakore rokutanga. Saka zvimwe zvinoitwa pamisangano muDzimba dzoUmambo dzeZvapupu zvaJehovha zvakafanana nezvaiitwa mumasinagogi ekare. Kupfuura zvose, Zvapupu kungofanana nevayawo vaida chokwadi zvinoungana zviine chinangwa chimwe chete ‘chokuswedera pedyo naMwari.’—Jakobho 4:8.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 16, 17]
Purani yechivako ichi chakavakwa patsva yakatorwa pane yeSinagogi yokuGamla yomuzana remakore rokutanga
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 18]
Zvikoro zvomumasinagogi zvaidzidzisa vakomana vaiva nemakore anenge 6 kusvika ku13