VaMaya Vanowana Rusununguko Rwechokwadi

VANHU verudzi rwevaMaya vanozivikanwa nezvavakaita kare. Gore roga roga zviuru zvinoshanyira nzvimbo inonzi Yucatán Peninsula iri muMexico kuti zvione mapiramidhi anoshamisa akadai seanowanika kuChichén Itzá uye kuCobá. VaMaya vakanga vasingangozivikanwi nounyanzvi hwokuvaka chete asiwo hwokunyora, hwemasvomhu, uye hwokuziva zvenyeredzi. Vakatanga humwe unyanzvi hwakaoma kunzwisisa hwokushandisa mifananidzo pakunyora, kuti manhamba anotangira pana zero, uyewo karenda yemazuva 365 yakagadziridzwa yakangofanana neiya iri kushandiswa mazuva ano.

Zvisinei, kana totaura nezvechitendero, ndeimwewo nyaya. VaMaya vainamata vanamwari vakawanda; vainamata vanamwari vezuva, mwedzi, mvura inonaya, uye chibage, nezvimwewo zvinhu zvakawanda. Vapristi vavo vaishingaira chaizvo pakuongorora nyeredzi. Vainamata vachishandisa rusenzi nemifananidzo, kuzvicheka-cheka muviri, mabira okucheka vanhu kuti ropa riyerere, uye kupira vanhu sezvibayiro, vaisanganisira vasungwa, varanda, uye kunyanya vana.

Kusvika Kwevanhu VokuSpeini

Iyi yakanga iri nzanga yakanga yakabudirira yakawanwa nevanhu vokuSpeini pavakasvika zana remakore rechi16 richangotanga. Vapambi vaibva kuSpeini vaiva nezvinangwa zviviri: vaida kuwana ivhu nepfuma uye vaida kuti vaMaya vatendeukire kuchechi yeRoma, kuitira kuti vasunungurwe mutsika dzechihedheni uye dzoutsinye. Kukunda kwakaita vanhu vokuSpeini kwakaunza rusununguko rwechokwadi here mune zvechitendero kana kupa rumwewo rusununguko kuvaMaya?

Vanhu vokuSpeini, kusanganisira vafundisi veChechi yeRoma vakapamba nzvimbo yairimwa nevaMaya kubvira kare-kare vachishandisa tsika yavo yokutema miti nokupisa. Kupamba kwavakaita uku kwakakonzera matambudziko makuru noruvengo. Vanhu vokuSpeini vakapambawo matsime akadzika, ari iwo chete aiwanisa mvura munzvimbo yeYucatán Peninsula. Mamwezve matambudziko akawedzerwa nechechi payakaita kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe wechiMaya abvise mutero wegore, murume mumwe nomumwe achifanira kubvisa mareala 12 1/2 uye mukadzi mumwe nomumwe mareal 9, kuwedzera pane mutero waitovaremera kare wehurumende. Vanhu vokuSpeini vakatoita kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anyanye kuipa nokubhadharira vaMaya mutero wechechi vozovamanikidza kushanda kuti vabhadhare chikwereti chavo, zvichingovasiya vave varanda.

Vapristi vaibhadharisawo mabasa avo echitendero akaita sokubhabhatidza, kuchatisa, uyewo kuviga vakafa. Zvayakanga yatora ivhu, ichibhadharisa munhu mumwe nomumwe mitero, nokubhadharisa mamwe mabasa, chechi yakatozvipfumisa nokudzvinyirira vaMaya. Varombo vaionekwa sevaitenda mashura uye sevanhu vanongoberekwa vasingazivi. Saka, vafundisi nevamwewo vaiva nesimba vaiona sezvakakodzera kurova vaMaya kuti vavarange uye kuti vasatende mashura.

Hondo yeVaMaya Nevanhu VokuSpeini

VaMaya vakatanga kutsiva nokusabhadhara mitero yechechi, kubudisa vana vavo muzvikoro zvechechi, kusapinda makirasi ekatikazi, uye kuramba kushanda muminda mirefu. Asi izvi zvakangoita kuti vanyanye kuitirwa utsinye. Muna 1847 papera makore 300 vanhu vokuSpeini vachitonga, mamiriro acho ezvinhu akanga atsvuka ropa. VaMaya vakapandukira varungu muhondo yavo nevanhu vokuSpeini.

Vatungamiriri vevapanduki ava vakashandisa chiratidzo chechitendero chainzi Muchinjikwa Unotaura, muchinjikwa waishandiswa nomunhu kuti uite sokuti iwo ndiwo unotaura, munhu wacho achiparidza kuti varwe zvokuurayana. Hondo iyi yaiva tsekwende chaiyo kuvaMaya. Payakazonyatsopera muna 1853, vaMaya vokuYucatán vanosvika 40 muzana vakanga vaurayiwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, vaimbopota vachirwisana kwemakore 55 akatevera. Pakupedzisira, vaMaya vakazokwanisa kuzvisunungura kubva muuranda hwevanhu vokuSpeini, uye ivhu rakatanga kugoverwazve patsva. Zvakadini norusununguko rwechitendero?

Havana Kuwana Rusununguko Rwechokwadi

VaMaya havana kuwana rusununguko rwechokwadi nokukundwa kwavakaitwa nevanhu vokuSpeini vachishandisa Chechi yeRoma, uye kana kuti nehondo yavakaita vachirwisa vanhu vokuSpeini. Mazuva ano, kwangosara chitendero chine tsika dzakangosangana, dzevaMaya dzekare uye dzeChechi yeRoma.

Richitaura nezvevaMaya vemazuva ano, bhuku rinonzi The Mayas—3000 Years of Civilization rinoti: “VaMaya vanonamata vanamwari vavo vekare vezvinhu zvakasikwa uye madzitateguru avo muminda, mumapako uye mumakomo . . . uye panguva imwe chete vanonamata vasande muchechi.” Saka, mwari wavo anonzi Quetzalcoatl, kana kuti Kukulcán, vanomuti akaenzana naJesu, uye mwarikadzi wavo wemwedzi vanomuti akaenzana neMhandara Mariya. Uyezve, kunamatwa kwomuti womuceiba kwakatsiviwa nokunamatwa kwomuchinjikwa, uchiri kudiridzwa nevanhu somuti munyoro. Pane kuti vaise mifananidzo yaJesu, vanoisa maruva omuti womuceiba pamichinjikwa.

Rusununguko Rwechokwadi Pakupedzisira!

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, Zvapupu zvaJehovha muMexico zvakatanga basa guru rokudzidzisa vaMaya Bhaibheri. VaMaya vava kukwanisa kuwana mabhuku anotsanangura Bhaibheri, akafanana nemagazini ino, mururimi rwaamai, kuti avabatsire kunyatsonzwisisa chinangwa chaMwari kuvanhu. Zvakaguma nei? Pakanyorwa nyaya ino, vanhu 6 600 vanotaura mutauro wevaMaya vakanga vava vazivisi vemashoko akanaka oumambo, vari muungano 241 dzeZvapupu zvaJehovha munzvimbo yacho. Zvaiva nyore here kuti vaMaya vazvisunungure pane zvavaitenda kuti vagamuchire chokwadi cheBhaibheri?

Izvi zvave zvichinetsa vaMaya vakawanda vane mwoyo yakatendeka. Marcelino, nomudzimai wake Margarita, vaizviti vanoshingaira muchechi yeRoma. Gore negore vainamata muchinjikwa nokuutakura kubva kuchechi kuenda kumba kwavo, kwavaizopa zvibayiro zvemhuka uye pashure vozodya zvibayiro zvacho nehama neshamwari. Zvadaro, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakavashanyira ndokutanga kudzidza navo Bhaibheri. Vanotaura zvakaitika vachiti, “Takaona kuti zvatakanga tichidzidza ndezvechokwadi, asi takafunga kuti kana tikasiya zvataimbotenda, taizonetswa nemidzimu.” Kunyange zvakadaro, vakaramba vachidzidza Bhaibheri. Marcelino anoti, “Zvishoma nezvishoma, chokwadi cheBhaibheri chakadzika midzi mumwoyo yedu. Izvi zvakatipa ushingi hwokutaura nemhuri yedu neshamwari nezvechokwadi chatakanga tadzidza muBhaibheri. Iye zvino tiri kufara nokuti takasununguka pauranda hwokutenda mashura. Tinongodemba kuti dai takakurumidza kutanga. Tinoda kutsiva nguva yatakatambisa nokushanda zvakaoma kuti tiudze vamwe nezvechokwadi chinoshamisa chiri muBhaibheri.”

Alfonso, ane makore 73, akanga ari muRoma akazvipira. Mutaundi raaigara, aiwanzoronga mitambo yechitendero, yaisanganisira Misa, kutamba, uye kupa zvokudya nezvokunwa kuvanhu vose vaivapo. Paivawo nemitambo yevanhu vairwa nemombe. Anoti, “Zvakanga zvisingashamisi kuti mitambo yakadaro ipere vanhu vava kurwa zvichikonzerwa nokudhakwa. Kunyange zvazvo ndainakidzwa nemitambo yacho, ndainzwa kuti chechi yangu ine payaiperevedza.” Paakaparidzirwa neZvapupu zvaJehovha, Alfonso akabvuma kudzidza Bhaibheri. Pasinei noutano hunonetsa, akatanga kupinda misangano paImba yoUmambo. Iye zvino akasiya zvaaimboita kuchechi kwake uye anoshandisa mukana wose kuparidza nezvaJehovha kuvanhu vose vanouya kuzomuona kumba kwake.

Iyi ingori mienzaniso mishoma yevaMaya vakawanda vane mwoyo yakatendeseka vakasvika pakusununguka zvechokwadi mune zvokunamata. Chokwadi, vazukuru vevavaki vemapiramidhi anoshamisa ari muYucatán vachiripo. Vachiri kutaura mutauro mumwe chete iwoyo. Vakawanda vari kurarama sezvaiita madzitateguru avo, mudzimba dzakapfirirwa nemichindwe, dzakavakwa nemiti dzikanamwa nevhu. Vanorima chibage uye donje vachishandisa nzira iya yokutema miti vachiipisa kuti vawane pokurima. Asi zvino vaMaya vakawanda vakasunungurwa nechokwadi cheShoko raMwari kubva mudzidziso dzenhema uye pakudavira mashura. Vanonyatsonzwisisa nokuonga mashoko echokwadi aJesu okuti: “Muchaziva chokwadi, uye chokwadi chichakusunungurai.”—Johani 8:32.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mepu iri papeji 13]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Nharaunda yaiva netsika dzevaMaya

Gulf of Mexico

MEXICO

Yucatán Peninsula

Chichén Itzá

Cobá

BELIZE

GUATEMALA

HONDURAS

EL SALVADOR

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 13]

Matongo evaMaya, Chichén Itzá

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 15]

Marcelino nomudzimai wake, Margarita, vachiparidza mashoko akanaka muYucatán