Ndi“Jehovha” Kana Kuti ndi“Yahweh” Here?

“MUSANGANISWA,” “shoko rinoumbwa nemitauro yakasiyana,” “risina kujairika.” Chii chaizoparira kuti nyanzvi dzechiHebheru cheBhaibheri dzishandise mashoko akasimba kudaro? Chiri kuitiranwa nharo ndechokuti “Jehovha” kududzwa kwechiShona kwakarurama kwezita raMwari here. Kwemakore anopfuura zana, nharo idzi dzaramba dziripo. Nhasi, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoita sedzinoda “Yahweh” rine mibatanidzwa yemabhii miviri. Asi kududzwa kwokuti “Jehovha” hakuna kujairika zvakadaro here?

Kwakabva Nharo Dzacho

Maererano neBhaibheri, Mwari pachake akazivisa vanhu zita rake. (Eksodho 3:15) Uchapupu hunobva muMagwaro hunoratidza kuti vashumiri vaMwari vekare vakashandisa zita iroro vakasununguka. (Genesi 12:8; Rute 2:4) Zita raMwari raizivikanwawo nemamwe marudzi. (Joshua 2:9) Izvi zvakanga zviri zvechokwadi kunyanya apo vaJudha vakanga vadzoka kubva kuutapwa muBhabhironi vakasonganirana nevanhu vamarudzi akawanda. (Pisarema 96:2-10; Isaya 12:4; Maraki 1:11) The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible rinoti: “Pane uchapupu hwakati wandei hwokuti munguva yepashure poutapwa vanhu vakawanda vokune dzimwe nyika vakanzwa vachida chitendero chevaJudha.” Zvisinei, pakasvika zana remakore rokutanga C.E., kudavira mashura nezvezita raMwari kwakanga kwatanga. Pakupedzisira, rudzi rwechiJudha harwuna kungorega chete kushandisa zita raMwari pachena asi vamwe vakatorambidza nokuridudza kwose. Saka kududzwa kwaro kwakarurama kwakarasika—kana kuti kwakadaro here?

Muzita Munei?

Mumutauro wechiHebheru, zita raMwari rakanyorwa seizvi יהוה. Mavara mana aya, anoraviwa uchibva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, anowanzodanwa kuti Tetragrammaton. Mazita akawanda evanhu nenzvimbo anodudzwa muBhaibheri ane chimiro chokudimburira chezita raMwari. Zvinoita here kuti mazita aya chaiwo anogona kutipa zvingabatsira kuziva kuti zita raMwari raidudzwa sei?

Maererano naGeorge Buchanan, purofesa akarega basa achiri kuremekedzwa wepaWesley Theological Seminary, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., mhinduro ndihungu. Purofesa Buchanan anotsanangura kuti: “Munguva dzekare, vabereki vaiwanzopa vana vavo mazita evanamwari vavo. Zvinoreva kuti vaizodudza mazita evana vavo nenzira yaidudzwa nayo zita ramwari wacho. Tetragrammaton yakabatanidzwa mumazita evanhu, uye vaigaroshandisa vhawero repakati.”

Imbofunga nezvemienzaniso mishomanene yemazita chaiwo anowanwa muBhaibheri anobatanidza zita raMwari rakadimburirwa. Jonatani, iro rinowanika saYoh·na·thanʹ kana kuti Yehoh·na·thanʹ muBhaibheri rechiHebheru, rinoreva kuti “Yaho kana kuti Yahowah akapa,” anodaro Purofesa Buchanan. Zita romuporofita Eria ndiʼE·li·yahʹ kana kuti ʼE·li·yaʹhu muchiHebheru. Maererano naPurofesa Buchanan, zita racho rinoreva kuti: “Mwari wangu ndiYahoo kana kuti Yahoo-wah.” Zvakafanana naizvozvo, zita rechiHebheru raJehoshafati ndiYehoh-sha·phatʹ, zvinoreva kuti “Yaho atonga.”

Kududzwa kwemibatanidzwa yemabhii miviri yeTetragrammaton sa“Yahweh” hakungabvumiri kunzwiwa kwevhawero o kuti kuvewo pazita raMwari. Asi mumazita akawanda eBhaibheri anobatanidza zita raMwari, uku kunzwikwa kwevhawero repakati kunowanika mune akazara neakadimburirwa, sepanaJehonatani naJonatani. Saka, Purofesa Buchanan anoti nezvezita raMwari: “Hazviiti kuti vhawero oo kana oh ridarikwe. Shoko racho dzimwe nguva raidimburirwa sa‘Ya,’ asi kwete sa‘Ya-weh.’ . . . Tetragrammaton payakadudzwa mumubatanidzwa wemabhii umwe yakanga iri ‘Ya’ kana kuti ‘Yo.’ Payakadudzwa mumibatanidzwa yemabhii mitatu yaizodai yakava ‘Yahowah’ kana kuti ‘Yahoowah.’ Kana yakambodimburirwa kuva mibatanidzwa miviri yemabhii yaizodai yakava ‘Yaho.’”—Biblical Archaeology Review.

Mashoko aya anotibatsira kunzwisisa zvakataurwa nenyanzvi yechiHebheru yomuzana ramakore rechi19 Gesenius muHebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures yake kuti: “Avo vanofunga kuti יְהוָֹה [Ye-ho-wah] ndiko kwaiva kududzwa chaikoiko [kwezita raMwari] havashaiwi chikonzero chokurwira pfungwa yavo zvachose. Mibatanidzwa yemabhii akadimurirwa יְהוֹ [Ye-ho] uye יוֹ [Yo], anotangwa nawo mazita akawanda, ingatsanangurwa zvinogutsa zvikuru kana ikadudzwa nenzira iyi.”

Kunyange zvakadaro, musumo yeshanduro yake yomunguva pfupi yakapfuura yeThe Five Books of Moses, Everett Fox anotaura kuti: “Kwose kuedza kwekare nokutsva kwokuwanazve kududzwa ‘kwakarurama’ kwezita rechiHebheru [raMwari] hakuna kubudirira; kunyange ‘Jehovha’ anombonzwiwa pane imwe nguva kana kuti ‘Yahweh’ wenyanzvi haambogoni kubvumikiswa.”

Hapana mubvunzo kuti nharo dzenyanzvi dzichapfuurira. VaJudha vakarega kududza zita raMwari wechokwadi vaMasorete vasati vatanga muitiro wekuratidza mavhawero. Saka, hapana nzira chaiyo yokuratidza nayo kuti mavhawero api aibatanidzwa nemabhii aya YHWH (יהוה). Asi, mazita acho chaiwo evanhu vomuBhaibheri—kududzwa kwawo kwakarurama kusina kumborasika—anopa chimwe chinhu chakasimba chinobatsira kuziva kududzwa kwekare kwezita raMwari. Nemhaka yeizvi, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotombobvuma kuti kududza kwokuti “Jehovha” hakusi “kusina kujairika.”

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 31]

“Jehovha” ndiko kwave kuri kududza kunozivikanwa zvikuru kwezita raMwari