Mudzimu Mutsvene—Simba Rinobate Basa raMwari
MUKUWIRIRANA nedzidziso yoUtatu, mudzimu mutsvene munhu wechitatu woHumwari, akaenzana naBaba noMwanakomana. Sokureva kunoita bhuku rinonzi Our Orthodox Christian Faith: “Mudzimu Mutsvene ndiMwari chose chose.”
MuMagwaro echiHebheru, shoko rinowanzoshandiswa zvikurusa nokuda kwo“mudzimu” ndiruʹach, rinoreva kuti “chifemo; mhepo; mudzimu.” MuMagwaro echiGiriki, shokoro ndipneuʹma, rine revo yakafanana. Ko aya mashoko anoratidzira kuti mudzimu mutsvene rutivi rwoUtatu here?
Simba Rinobate Basa
KUSHANDISA kweBhaibheri “mudzimu mutsvene” kunoratidzira kuti isimba rinodzorwa iro Jehovha Mwari anoshandisa kuita mhatsa yamadonzo ake. Kutambanuko yakati kuti, unogona kufananidzirwa namagetsi, anogona kushandiswa kuita mhatsa huru yemishando.
Pana Genesi 1:2 Bhaibheri rinoti “simba rinobate basa raMwari [“mudzimu” (chiHebheru, ruʹach)] rakanga richifamba-famba pamusoro pemvura zhinji.” Pano, mudzimu waMwari wakanga uri simba rake rinobate basa raishanda kuumba pasi.
Mwari anoshandisa mudzimu kuvhenekera avo vanomubatira. Dhavhidhi akanyengetera, kuti: “Ndidzidzisei kuita kuda kwenyu, nokuti imi muri Mwari wangu. Mudzimu wenyu [ruʹach] wakanaka; ngaunditungamirire munyika yokururama.” (Pisarema 143:10) Apo varume vane 70 vanokwanisa vakagadzwa kubetsera Mosesi, Mwari akati kwaari: “Ini ndichatofanira kutora mumwe womudzimu [ruʹach] uri pauri ndokuuisa pavari.”—Numeri 11:17.
Uporofita hweBhaibheri hwakanyorwa apo vanhu vaMwari vakanga vachi“tsigirwa nomudzimu mutsvene [chiGiriki, kubva mupneuʹma].” (2 Petro 1:20, 21) Neiyi nzira Bhaibheri raka“furidzirwa naMwari,” shoko raro rechiGiriki iro riri The·oʹpneu·stos, rinoreva kuti “Mwari akafemera.” (2 Timotio 3:16) Uye mudzimu mutsvene wakatungamirira vanhu kuona zviono kana kuti kuva nezviroto zvouporofita.—2 Samueri 23:2; Joere 2:28, 29; Ruka 1:67; Mabasa 1:16; 2:32, 33.
Mudzimu mutsvene wakasunda Jesu kupinda murenje pashure porubhapatidzo rwake. (Marko 1:12) Mudzimu wakanga wakaita somwoto mukati mavabatiri vaMwari, uchivaparira kuva vanosimbaradzwa nesimba irero. Uye wakavagonesa kutaura noutsungi uye noushingi.—Mika 3:8; Mabasa 7:55-60; 18:25; VaRoma 12:11; 1 VaTesaronika 5:19.
Kupfurikidza nomudzimu wake, Mwari anoita marutongeso ake pavanhu namarudzi. (Isaya 30:27, 28; 59:18, 19) Uye mudzimu waMwari unogona kusvika kunzvimbo iri yose, uchibatirira vanhu kana kuti uchirwisana navo.—Pisarema 139:7-12.
‘Simba Rinopfuura Romuzvarirwo’
MUDZIMU waMwari unogonawo kugovera “simba rinopfuura riri romuzvarirwo” kuna avo vanomubatira. (2 VaKorinte 4:7) Iwowu unovagonesa kutsungirira miedzo yokutenda kana kuti kuita zvinhu zvavasingagoni kuita kunze kwawo.
Somuenzaniso, nezvaSamsoni, Vatongi 14:6 inorondedzera, kuti: “Mudzimu waYahweh wakamubata, uye kunyange zvazvo iye akanga asina chombo muruoko rwake iye akabvamburanya shumba.” (JB) Ko munhu woumwari akapinda chaizvoizvo kana kuti akabata Samsoni, achiparira muviri wake kuita zvaakaita here? Nyangwe, zvamazvirokwazvo rakanga riri “simba raISHE [iro] rakasimbisa Samsoni.”—TEV.
Bhaibheri rinoti apo Jesu akabhapatidzwa, mudzimu mutsvene wakaburukira paari uchioneka senjiva, kwete sechimiro chomunhu. (Marko 1:10) Iri simba rinobate basa raMwari rakagonesa Jesu kurapa vanorwara nokumutsa vakafa. Sokureva kunoita Ruka 5:17: “Simba raShe [Mwari] rakanga richitsigira mabasa ake [aJesu] okuporesa.”—JB.
Mudzimu waMwari wakasimbaradzawo vadzidzi vaJesu kuita zvinhu zvamanenji. Mabasa 2:1-4 inotsanangura kuti vadzidzi vakanga vakaungana pamwe chete paPentekosta apo “kamwe kamwe kwakaitika mumvumo wakabva kudenga wakafanana nouye wemhepo inovhuvhuta nesimba, . . . nokudaro ivo vose vakazadzwa nomudzimu mutsvene ndokutanga kutaura nendimi dzakasiana, sezvo mudzimu wakanga uchivabvumira kutaura.”
Naizvozvo mudzimu mutsvene wakapa Jesu navamwe vabatiri vaMwari simba rokuita izvo kazhinji kazhinji vanhu vasingagoni kuita.
Handi Munhu
ZVISINEI hazvo, hakuna here ndima dzeBhaibheri dzinotaura nezvomudzimu mutsvene somunhu? Dzirimo, asika cherekedza icho Edmund Fortman wezvoruzivo rwoumwari weKaturike anotaura pamusoro paikoku muThe Triune God, kuti: “Kunyange zvazvo uyu mudzimu uchiwanzorondedzerwa somunhu, kunoratidzika zvakajeka zvikuru kuti vanyori vatsvene [vaMagwaro echiHebheru] havana kutongofunga kana kuti kuratidzira uyu mudzimu somunhu akatsaukana.”
MuMagwaro hakusi kwechienzi kuti chimwe chinhu chive chinotaurwa nezvacho somunhu. Uchenjeri hunotaurwa kuva huna vana. (Ruka 7:35) Chivi norufu zvinonzi madzimambo. (VaRoma 5:14, 21) Pana Genesi 4:7, The New English Bible (NE) rinoti: “Chivi idhemoni rinovandira pasuo,” kutaura chivi somudzimu wakaipa unovandira pasuo raKaini. Bva, chokwadika, chivi hachizati chiri munhu womudzimu; uyewo kutaura mudzimu mutsvene somunhu hakuzati kuchiuita munhu womudzimu.
Nomutoo wakafanana, pana 1 Johane 5:6-8 (NE) hauzati uchingova bedzi mudzimu asiwo “mvura, neropa” zvinotaurwa kuva “zvapupu.” Asika sezvinooneka mvura neropa hazvizati zviri vanhu, uye mudzimu mutsvene hauzatiwo uri munhu.
Kunotsinhirana naikoku ndiko kushandisa kwakarovedzeka kweBhaibheri “mudzimu mutsvene” nenzira isingaratidziri kuva munhu, yakadai sokuufananidzira nemvura nemwoto. (Mateo 3:11; Marko 1:8) Vanhu vanokuchidzirwa kuva vanozadzwa nomudzimu mutsvene panzvimbo pokuzadzwa newaini. (VaEfeso 5:18) Vanotaurwa nezvawo savari kuzadzwa nomudzimu mutsvene nenzira imwe cheteyo yavanozadzwa nayo namavara akadai souchenjeri, kutenda, uye mufaro. (Mabasa 6:3; 11:24; 13:52) Uye pana 2 VaKorinte 6:6 mudzimu mutsvene unobatanidzwa pakati pechiverengero chakati kuti chamavara. Mashoko akadaro haazati aizove akarovedzeka zvikuru kudai mudzimu mutsvene waiva munhu chaiyeiye.
Ipapowo, kunyange mamwe magwaro eBhaibheri achiti mudzimu unotaura, mamwe magwaro anoratidzira kuti ikoku kwakaitwa chaizvoizvo kupfurikidza navanhu kana kuti nengirozi. (Mateo 10:19, 20; Mabasa 4:24, 25; 28:25; VaHebheru 2:2) Chiito chomudzimu mune zvinoitika zvakadaro chakafanana nechiye chamasaisai enhepfenyuro anotumira mashoko achibva kuno mumwe munhu achienda kuno mumwe ari kure.
Pana Mateo 28:19 nongedzero inoitwa ku“zita . . . romudzimu mutsvene.” Asi shoko rokuti “zita” harizati richigaroreva zita romunhu oga, muchiGiriki kana kuti zvimwe muShona. Apo tinotaura kuti “muzita romutemo,” hatizati tichireva nezvomunhu. Tinoreva icho mutemo unomirira, chiremera chawo. Word Pictures in the New Testament raRobertson rinoti: “Kushandiswa kwezita (onoma) pano kwakarovedzeka muSeptuagint nepapyri nokuda kwesimba kana kuti chiremera.” Naizvoizvo kubhapatidzwa ‘muzita romudzimu mutsvene’ kuziva chiremera chomudzimu, kuti iwo unobva kuna Mwari uye unoshanda kupfurikidza nokuda kwoumwari.
“Mubetseri”
JESU akataura nezvomudzimu mutsvene so“mubetseri,” uye iye akati waizodzidzisa, waizotungamirira, uye waizotaura. (Johane 14:16, 26; 16:13) Shoko rechiGiriki raakashandisa nokuda kwomubetseri (pa·raʹkle·tos) riri muchimiro cheshoko rechirume. Naizvozvo apo Jesu akanongedzera kuicho mubetseri aizoita, akashandisa mashoko ari muchimiro chechirume omunhu oga anoshandiswa munzvimbo mezita. (Johane 16:7, 8) Kuno rumwe rutivi, apo shoko risina chimiro chechirume nechechikadzi rechiGiriki romudzimu (pneuʹma) rinoshandiswa, shoko rinoshandiswa munzvimbo mezita risina chimiro chechirume nechechikadzi rokuti “iwo” rinoshandiswa nomutoo wakakodzera.
Vashanduri vazhinjisa vezvoUtatu vanovanza iri idi, sokubvuma kunoita New American Bible yeKaturike pamusoro paJohane 14:17, kuti: “Shoko rechiGiriki ro‘Mudzimu’ ishoko risina chimiro chechirume nechechikadzi, uye sezvo tichishandisa mashoko anoshandiswa munzvimbo mezita kumunhu oga muShona okuti (‘iye,’ ‘yake,’ ‘ari’), maMSS [manyoro] mazhinjisa echiGiriki anoshandisa ‘iwo.’”
Naizvozvo apo Bhaibheri rinoshandisa mashoko omunhu oga anoshandisa munzvimbo mamazita echimiro chechirume pamusoro papa·raʹkle·tos pana Johane 16:7, 8, rinowirirana nemirau yokurongwa kwomutauro, risati richiratidzira dzidziso.
Hauzati Uri Rutivi rwoUtatu
MANYUKO akasiana-siana anobvuma kuti Bhaibheri harizati richitsigira pfungwa yokuti mudzimu mutsvene munhu wechitatu woUtatu. Somuenzaniso:
The Catholic Encyclopedia: “MuTestamende Yekare hamuna apo tinowana ratidzirwo ipi neipi yoMunhu weChitatu.”
Fortman wezvoruzivo rwoumwari wechiKaturike: “VaJudha havana kutongorangarira mudzimu somunhu; uyewo hapana hufakazi hupi nohupi hwakasimba hwokuti munyori upi noupi weTestamende Yekare aiva nouyu murangariro. . . . Mudzimu Mutsvene unowanzoratidzirwa mumaSynoptics [Evhangeri] nomuMabasa sesimba roumwari kana kuti umhare.”
New Catholic Encyclopedia: “T[estamende] Y[ekare] nomutoo wakajeka hairangariri mudzimu waMwari kuva munhu. . . . Mudzimu waMwari unongova bedzi simba raMwari. Kana padzimwe nguva uchiratidzirwa sowakaparadzana naMwari, imhaka yokuti chifemo chaYahweh chinoshanda chisinaye.” Inotiwo: “Magwaro mazhinjisa eT[estamende] Y[ekare] anozivisa mudzimu waMwari sechimwe chinhu, kwete somumwe munhu; ikoku kunoonwa zvikurukuru mukufananidzirwa kwomudzimu nesimba raMwari.”—Kutsveyamiswa kwamashoko ndokwedu.
A Catholic Dictionary: “Iyo yose, Testamende Itsva, seYekare, inoreva nezvomudzimu soumhare hwoumwari kana kuti simba.”
Nokuda kweichi chikonzero, vaJudha kana kuti maKristu apakuvamba havana kurangarira mudzimu mutsvene sorutivi rwoUtatu. Dzidziso iyeyo yakavapo mazana amakore apashure. Sokucherekedza kunoita A Catholic Dictionary: “Munhu wechitatu akasimbiswa paDare reAlexandria muna 362 . . . uye pakupedzisira neDare reConstantinople ra 381”—mazana amakore matatu nehafu pashure pokunge mudzimu mutsvene wazadza vadzidzi paPentekosta!
Aiwa, mudzimu mutsvene hauzati uri munhu uye hauzati uri rutivi rwoUtatu. Mudzimu mutsvene isimba rinobate basa raMwari raanoshandisa kuita kuda kwake. Iwo hauna kuenzana naMwari asi unongaroshandiswa naye uye uri pasi pake.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 22]
“Iyo yose, Testamende Itsva, seYekare, inoreva nezvomudzimu soumhare hwoumwari kana kuti simba.”—A Catholic Dictionary
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 21]
Pane imwe nhambo mudzimu mutsvene wakaoneka senjiva. Pane imwe nhambo wakaoneka samarimi omwoto—kwete somunhu