Chokwadi Nezvemhemberero Dzakakurumbira

VAROYI nezvipoko, manhanga uye marimi emoto, kutyisidzirwa kana kuti chipo chemasiwiti. Zviratidzo zveHalloween zviri nyore kuona. Asi chii chinoitwa pamhemberero iyi nedzimwe dzakafanana? Halloween yaimbonziwo All Hallows’ Eve, usiku hunotangira Zuva reVasande Vose (All Saints’ Day). Zvisinei, zita iri rinoita serechiKristu, rinovanza mavambo aro asiri matsvene zvachose. Kutaura zvazviri, nyanzvi dzinoti Halloween yakatanga pasichigare chiKristu chisati chavapo—nguva apo vaCelt vekare vaigara muBritain neIreland. Vachishandisa karenda romwedzi womudenga, vaCelt vakakamura gore kuva mwaka miviri—mwedzi yakasviba yechando uye mwedzi yakajeka yezhizha. Pajena guru pedyo nomusi waNovember 1, vaCelt vaipemberera mutambo unonzi Samhain, zvichireva kuti “Kupera Kwezhizha.”a

Mutambo uyu, waitara kutanga kwegore idzva revaCelt, waiitwa pakupera kwezhizha, apo goho rainge raunganidzwa uye mapoka emakwai uye emombe abviswa kumafuro kuti apinde mumatanga. VaCelt vaidavira kuti sezvo mazuva aiita mapfupi, zvakanga zvakafanira kusimbisazve zuva nokuita mhemberero dzakatsaukana-tsaukana uye zvibayiro. Kuratidza kuti gore rekare rakanga rava kupera, moto yose yaidzimwa, uye gore idzva raitsaurirwa nemarimi omoto matsvene ayo nhengo dzose dzomunzanga dzaishandisa kubatidzazve moto. Marimi omoto aya—achiri kuitwa nhasi paGuy Fawkes Night muBritain uye pamitambo inoitwa muna June muBrazil—aifungidzirwawo kuti aidzinga midzimu yakaipa.

Zvaidavirwa kuti pamutambo weSamhain, jira riri pakati pevanhu nemasimba asingaoneki raibvaruka uye midzimu, yakanaka neyakaipa, yaitenderera pasi pano. Mweya yevakafa yaifungidzirwa kuti yaidzokera kumisha yayo, uye mhuri dzaisiya zvokudya nezvokunwa zviri pachena kuti zvipoko zvaizoshanya zvizodya mutariro yokuzvifadza uye kubvisa rombo rakaipa. Saka, mazuva ano vana pavanopfeka sezvipoko kana kuti varoyi vachienda paimba neimba vachikumbira masiwiti eHalloween kana kuti vachityisidzira kuita misikanzwa, vanopfuudzira tsika dzekare dzeSamhain vasingazivi. Mubhuku rinonzi Halloween, histoire et traditions (Halloween—Zvakaitika uye Tsika) Jean Markale anoti: “Pavanogamuchira chinhu, vanosimudzira kuchinjana kworudo pakati pezvinooneka nezvisingaoneki pamwero wokufananidzira wavasinganzwisisi. Ndokusaka mitambo yeHalloween inopfekwa zvokuvhara kumeso . . . iri chaizvoizvo mitambo inoyera.”

Sezvo vanhu vaidavira kuti zvipinganidzo zviri pakati penyika nenzvimbo dzisingaoneki zvakanga zvavhurwa, vaifungawo kuti vanhu vaikwanisa kupinda munyikadzimu zviri nyore. Saka Samhain yakanga iri nguva yakanaka yokunzwisisa zvakavanzika zvenguva yemberi. Maapuro kana kuti mahazelnut, zvose zvaionekwa sezvibereko zvemiti mitsvene, zvaishandiswa kushopera nezvomuchato, kurwara, uye rufu. Somuenzaniso, maapuro aiva nezviratidzo zvomuridzi wacho aiiswa mudhishi rine mvura. Nokunyurura apuro achishandisa muromo chete, murume muduku kana kuti mukadzi ainzi ave kukwanisa kuziva waaizoroorana naye. Muitiro wokushopera uyu uchiripo nanhasi mumutambo weHalloween wokuruma nemazino maapuro akayangarara pamusoro pemvura.

Samhain yakanga yakazarawo mitambo yokunwira kudhakwa uye kumborega kuzvidzora. “Tsika, kana dzaizorega kutsaudzirwa, dzaishandurwa,” anodaro Markale. “Zvairambidzwa zvaibvumirwa, uye zvaibvumirwa zvairambidzwa.” Halloween ichiri kuratidza mafungiro aya nhasi, ayo pasina mubvunzo anonyanya kuita kuti kukurumbira kwayo kuwedzere. Ichitaura nezveizvi, The Encyclopedia of Religion inorondedzera Halloween yemazuva ano se“nguva apo vanhu vakura vanogona kusiya tsika ndokuratidza zvavari chaizvo nokusazvidzora mumanheru avanofara vachiita zvisina basa. Saka, zvaiitwa pamutambo wevaCelt zvokumborega kuzvidzora kwousiku hwose zvakaramba zviripo kupinda muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri.”

Kupikisa Kwechitendero

Zvichitevera nzara yakakonzerwa nokusaita zvakanaka kwembatatisi muzana remakore rechi19, vanhu vaitama muIreland vakaenda neHalloween netsika dzayo kuUnited States. Kubva ikoko yakadzokerazve kuEurope mumakore mashomanana adarika. Zvisinei, kukurumbira kweHalloween kuri kuwedzera hakufadzi vanhu vose. Sezvinotaura pepanhau rinonzi Le Monde, “Halloween, inoitwa panguva imwe chete neZuva reVasande Vose uye Zuva reMweya Yose (misi yaNovember 1 na2) uye inogona kunyange kutsiva mazuva aya, iri kuita kuti vatengesi vomuzvitoro vafare uye iri kutyisa vafundisi vemachechi.”

Vamiririri vechechi muFrance vakataura kunetseka kwavo pamusoro pokusafarirwa kwemazororo echiKaturike agara aripo, vanhu vachida Halloween, vachiiona sechiratidzo “chokuchinja kwenzanga kuva yechihedheni.” Kuna Stanislas Lalanne, mutauriri weFrance’s Conference of Catholic Bishops, Halloween ‘inovhiringidza zvinoreva upenyu norufu.’ Bhishopi wokuNice, Jean Bonfils, akati “mutambo uyu netsika dzawo hazvina chokuita netsika dzedu dzokuMediterranean uye dzechiKristu,” uye akanyevera vaKaturike kungwarira “mutambo unokosha kwazvo kuvanamati vaSatani pasi pose.”

Achitaura nezvokusiya tsika dzechiKaturike kwevanhu vokuFrance vachida mitambo yechihedheni yakadaro, Hippolyte Simon, bhishopi weClermont-Ferrand, anoti: “Zvinoita sokuti vanhu vokuFrance vakanga vachitsvaka chitendero choruzhinji chinokwanisa kutsiva chiKristu.” Anonyora kuti: “PaHalloween vakafa vanotevedzerwa uye ‘zvipoko’ zvavo zvinodzoka kuzotivhundutsa uye kutityisidzira norufu. Kusiyana neizvi, paZuva reVasande Vose, tinotaura kuti vakatisiya vapenyu uye tinovimbiswa kubatana navo muGuta raMwari.”—Vers une France païenne? (Chihedheni chava kupararira muFrance Here?)

Saizvozvowo, Carlo Maria Martini, mufundisi mukuru wokuMilan, kuItaly, akakurudzira vanhu vokuItaly kuti vasasiya mazororo echiKaturike, achizivisa kuti Halloween “haizivikanwi mutsika yedu, iyo inokosha zvikuru uye inofanira kupfuudzirwa. Zuva reMweya Yose imhemberero yagara ichiitwa mutsika yedu. Inguva apo tariro youpenyu husingagumi inojeka, apo Ishe anoita kuti tinzwisise kuti kune upenyu hunopfuura hwatiinahwo pasi pano.” Pasina mubvunzo vaKaturike chaivo vakawanda vanonzwa nenzira yakafanana. Asi, musiyano uri pakati peHalloween neZuva reVasande Vose wakanyatsojeka sezvinoratidzwa nemashoko aya here? Kunyatsoongorora kwakabva mazororo echiKaturike aya kunoratidzei?

Mhemberero Tsvene

The Catholic Encyclopedia inorondedzera Zuva reVasande Vose semhemberero yo“kukudza vasande vose, vanozivikanwa nevasingazivikanwi.” Pakupera kwezana remakore rechipiri, vaizviti vaKristu vakatanga kukudza vaya vakanga vaurayirwa kutenda kwavo, uye vachidavira kuti vakanga vatova naKristu kudenga, vainyengetera kwavari kuti vavareverere. Kurangarira kwenguva dzose kwakatanga musi waMay 13,b 609 kana kuti 610 C.E., apo Papa Boniface IV akatsaurira Pantheon—temberi yeRoma yevanamwari vose—kuna Mariya nevamwe vose vakaurayirwa kutenda kwavo. Markale anoti: “Vanamwari veRoma vakasiyira nzvimbo dzavo kuvasande vechitendero chinokurira.”

Kuchinja musi wacho kuti uve muna November kwakaitwa naPapa Gregory III (731-741 C.E.), uyo akatsaurira chechi iri muRoma kuvasande vose uye kuvarayira kuti vakudzwe musi waNovember 1. Chakaita kuti aite izvi hachinyatsozivikanwi. Asi kungava kuti zororo rakadaro rakanga rava kutoitwa pamusi uyu muEngland. The Encyclopedia of Religion inoti: “Samhain yakaramba iri mutambo wakakurumbira pakati pevanhu vechiCelt panguva apo chiKristu chakapararira muGreat Britain. Chechi yeBritain yakaedza kuchinja kufarira tsika dzechihedheni uku nokuwedzera mhemberero yechiKristu pakarenda pazuva rakafanana neraiitwa Samhain. . . . Kupembererwa kwaiitwa Zuva reVasande Vose muMiddle Ages kunofanira kunge kwakakonzera kupembererwa kwomutambo uyu muchechi yechiKristu.”

Markale anotaura nezvepesvedzero iri kuwedzera yemamongi okuIreland muEurope yose panguva ino. New Catholic Encyclopedia inotiwo: “Vanhu vokuIreland vaiwanzoita mitambo inokosha pazuva rokutanga romwedzi, uye sezvo musi waNovember 1 wakanga uriwo unotanga nguva yechando yevaCelt, waizova musi wakanaka wokuita mutambo wevasande vose.” Pakupedzisira, muna 835 C.E., Papa Gregory IV vakaita kuti mutambo uyu upararire.

Kana riri Zuva reMweya Yose, apo minyengetero inodzokororwa kuitira kubatsira mweya iri mupurigatori kuti iwane mufaro wokudenga, zororo iri rakaiswa pamusi waNovember 2 muzana remakore rechi11 nemamongi okuCluny, kuFrance. Zviri pachena kuti Zuva reMweya Yose izororo rechiKaturike, zvakajeka kuti kuvhiringidzika kwaivapo mupfungwa dzevanhuwo zvavo. New Catholic Encyclopedia inoti “muMiddle Ages yose zvaitendwa zvakakurumbira kuti mweya iri mupurigatori yaigona kuonekwa pazuva iri sevaroyi, matatya, nezvimwewo.”

Yatadza kubvisa zvitendero zvechihedheni mumwoyo yemapoka ayo, chechi yakangozvivanza mu“chiKristu.” Ichisimbisa izvi, The Encyclopedia of Religion inoti: “Mutambo wechiKristu, Mutambo weVasande Vose, unorangarira vasande vanozivikanwa nevasingazivikanwi vechitendero chechiKristu sezvaiitwawo paSamhain kubvuma uye kuremekedza vanamwari vevaCelt.”

Mhemberero Dzakakurumbira Newe

Unofanira kunetseka zvakadini nezvemavambo akaipa eHalloween nemazororo akafanana nayo? Pamusoro pazvo, mupfungwa dzevanhu vakawanda, Halloween inongova nguva yokupfeka uye kunakidzwa. Asi haubvumi here kuti zvakakosha kuti vabereki vave nechokwadi chokuti chero nhandaro iyo vana vavo vanoita yakanaka uye haikuvadzi?

Mumwe mukuru wechikoro muFrance ane makore anodarika 20 achidzidzisa akabvunzwa nezvepesvedzero yeHalloween pavana vaduku. Akati: “Ndinonetseka nokuti kuenda paimba neimba kwavanoita vachityisidzira vanhu vakuru kuti vawane masiwiti kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa yechigarire pavana. Kunogona kusimudzira udyire uye umbimbindoga. Vanodzidza kuti nokumanikidzira, nokutyisidzira, nokuita kuti vamwe vatye, vanogona kuwana zvavanoda.” Saka vabereki vanofanira kuzvibvunza kuti, ‘“Zvidzidzo” zvipi zvichadzidzwa nomwana wangu kubva mukupemberera zororo iri?’

Hazvishamisi kuti mhuri dzakawanda dzinowana kuti kubvuma kutyisidzira kwouhwana vachida masiwiti nezvipfeko kunogona kudhura. “Halloween . . . haisi zororo,” anodaro Robert Rochefort, mukuru mukuru weFrance’s Research Center for the Study and Observation of Living Conditions, “inguva yokutengeserana.” Halloween inoita kuti kutenga kurege kuderera Krisimasi isati yasvika. Nemamwe mashoko, chimwe chinhu chinomanikidzira vanhu kushandisa mari—mari iyo muzviitiko zvakawanda vasingagoni kushandisa. Unofanira kungoita chindoendawo here panyaya iyi?

Zvisinei, chinotonyanya kunetsa vaKristu ndechokuti Halloween nemamwe mazororo akafanana nayo akabva muchihedheni. Muapostora Pauro akanyora kuti: “Handidi kuti muwadzane nemadhimoni. Hamugoni kunwa kapu yaIshe nekapu yemadhimoni.” (1 VaKorinde 10:20-22, New International Version) Akabvunzawo kuti: “Zvakanaka zvingava sei nechokuita nezvakaipa? Chiedza chingawirirana sei nerima? Kristu unganzwana sei nadhiyabhorosi? Uyezve munhu anotenda angagonzwanana seiko nomunhu asingatendi?” (2 VaKorinde 6:14-16, Phillips) Nokudaro Bhaibheri rinoshora pfungwa yose yokuvanza muitiro wechihedheni muchiKristu!

Uyewo, Bhaibheri rinonyevera nezvokuita zvemidzimu. (Dheuteronomio 18:10-12) Nepo chiri chokwadi kuti vakawanda veavo vanoita mutambo weHalloween vanotaura kuti havadi miitiro yaSatani, kunyange zvakadaro, tinofanira kuziva kuti kwarakatangira, zororo iri rine chokuita nemashiripiti. Saka, rinogona kuita kuti tiite zvemidzimu, kunyanya kupwere dzinokurumidza kuororwa. Zviri pachena kuti tsika dzechihedheni dzine chokuita nezvemidzimu hadzina nzvimbo mukunamata kwechiKristu, dzinokuvadza.

Pakupedzisira, pane chokwadi chokuti Halloween, Zuva reVasande Vose, uye Zuva reMweya Yose zvose zvakavakirwa pazvitendero zvokuti vakafa vanotambura kana kuti vanogona kukuvadza vapenyu neimwe nzira. Zvisinei, Bhaibheri rinoratidza zvakajeka kuti zvitendero zvakadaro hazvisi zvechokwadi, richiti: “Vapenyu vanoziva kuti vachazofa, asi vakafa havana chavanoziva.” (Muparidzi 9:5) Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, Bhaibheri rinopa zano rokuti: “Zvose zvinowana ruoko rwako, kuti ruzviite, uzviite nesimba rako rose; nokuti hakuna basa, kana zano, kana zivo, kana uchenjeri paSheori [guva revanhu vose] kwaunoenda.” (Muparidzi 9:10) Sezvo vakafa vasingazivi chinhu uye nokudaro vasingakwanisi kukuvadza vamwe kana kuti kuzvitambudza, hatina chikonzero chokuvatya. Uyezve, minyengetero yokuvabatsira haishandi zvachose. Izvi zvinoreva here kuti hapana tariro nokuda kwevadiwa vedu vakafa? Aiwa. Bhaibheri rinotivimbisa kuti “kuchava nokumuka kwevakarurama nevasina kururama.”—Mabasa 24:15.c

Munhu ane zivo anokwanisawo kusarudza. Hatitarisirwi kuita zvisarudzo zvakangwara kana tisina chokwadi chose. Pashure pokuongorora chokwadi chakurukurwa munyaya dzino, uchasarudzei?

[Mashoko omuzasi]

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 20]

Halloween inopfuudzira manyepo okuti vakafa vapenyu chaizvoizvo

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 21]

Tsika dzemashiripiti dzevaCelt dzakapfuurira mumitambo yeHalloween

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]

“Halloween” yakatangira mumutambo wevaCelt, zvimwe wokunamata Lug, mwari wechiedza

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]

Makuva ane michinjikwa yekare yevaCelt

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 20, 21]

Kunyurura maapuro nomuromo mumwe wemitambo yakatanga nevaCelt

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kubva mumagazini inonzi: The Delineator October 1911

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 22]

Papa Boniface IV akatsaurira Pantheon yeRoma kuna Mariya uye kuvose vakafira kutenda kwavo

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 23]

Halloween ine pesvedzero yakadini pavana vako?

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 24]

VaKristu vechokwadi vanonakidzwa nenhandaro yakanaka yemhuri