Tinogona Kudzidzei Kubva—Muzvakaitika Kare?

“Hapana chinhu chinokosha kuvanyori vezvakaitika kare kupfuura kuronga zvakarurama zvakakonzera uye zvakakonzerwa.”—Gerald Schlabach, Purofesa Anobatsira Wezvakaitika Kare.

NYANZVI dzezvakaitika kare dzinogarobvunza kuti, Sei uye nei zvimwe zviitiko zvakaitika? Somuenzaniso, nhau inotiudza kuti Umambo hweRoma hwakawa. Asi nei hwakawa? Zvaiva pamusana pouori kana kuti kutsvaka zvinofadza here? Umambo hwacho hwakanga hwanyanyova husingadzoreki uye mauto acho achidhura kutarisira here? Vavengi veRoma vakanga vangowandisawo uye vanyanyova nesimba here?

Munguva ichangopfuura, Eastern European Communism, iyo yakambozivikanwa seinotyisa kunyika dzokuMadokero, yakaparara nenguva pfupi zvikuru kubva mune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe. Asi nei? Uye pane zvidzidzo zvipi zvatingawana? Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwemibvunzo inoedza kupindurwa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare. Asi pakupa mhinduro, zvavanotoziva kare somunhu mumwe nomumwe zvinokanganisa maonero avo zvakadini?

Zvakaitika Kare Zvingavimbwa Nazvo Here?

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakanyanya kufanana nematikitivha kupfuura kufanana kwavakaita nevasayendisiti. Vanofeya-feya, vanobvunza, uye vanopokana nezvinyorwa zvekare. Vanotsvaka chokwadi, asi chinangwa chavo hachiwanzojeka. Chimwe chinokonzera izvozvo ndechokuti basa ravo riri zvikurukuru pamusoro pevanhu, uye vanonyora zvakaitika kare havagoni kuziva zviri mupfungwa—zvikurukuru pfungwa dzevakafa. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vangavewo nedzimwe pfungwa uye kufungira kwakashata kwavange vanako nechekare. Nokudaro, pane dzimwe nguva basa rakanakisisa rinongova chaizvoizvo kududzira—kunobva pamanzwisisiro omunyori pachake.

Zvechokwadi, hazvirevi hazvo kuti munyori wezvakaitika kare zvaaine manzwisisiro ake pachake basa rake harina kururama. Nhoroondo dzomuBhaibheri dzaSamueri, Madzimambo, naMakoronike dzinosanganisira nyaya dzakaitika panguva imwe chete dzakanyorwa nevanhu vashanu, asi dzinogona kuonekwa kuti hadzina kupesana kwakanyanya kana kusarurama. Ndizvo zvakaitawo Evangeri ina. Vanyori veBhaibheri vakawanda vakanyora nezvezvikanganiso zvavo nemhosho dzoufuza—chimwe chinhu chisingawanzoonekwa mumabasa asiri echitendero.—Numeri 20:9-12; Dheuteronomio 32:48-52.

Kuwedzera pakufungira zvakashata kungavapo, chimwe chinhu chinokosha chokufunga nezvacho pakuverenga zvakaitika kare ivavariro yomunyori. “Nhau yose inotaurwa nevari kutonga, kana nevari kutsvaka simba rokutonga kana neshamwari dzavo, inofanira kurangarirwa nokufungira kukuru,” anodaro Michael Stanford mubhuku rinonzi A Companion to the Study of History. Vavariro isina kujeka inoonekawo apo zvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare zvinoratidza kutsigira kwakavanzika kana kuti kuri pachena kworudzi uye nyika. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti izvi dzimwe nguva zvinowanikwa mumabhuku anodzidzwa kuchikoro. Mumwe murayiro wehurumende mune imwe nyika waitaura zvakanyatsojeka kuti chinangwa chokudzidzisa zvakaitika kare “ndechokusimbisa mafungiro okutsigira rudzi nenyika mumwoyo yevanhu . . . nokuti kuziva kwayakabva nako chimwe chezvinokurudzira zvinokosha pakuzvibata kwokuitsigira.”

Zvakaitika Kare Zvakamonyaniswa

Dzimwe nguva zvakaitika kare hazvina kungorerekera kurumwe rutivi chete; asi zvakamonyaniswa. Somuenzaniso, yaimbova Soviet Union “yakadzima zvachose zita rokuti Trotsky muzvinyorwa, kuitira kuti kuvapo kwomutungamiri uyu kutsakatike,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi Truth in History. Trotsky aive ani? Aive mutungamiri muHondo Yokupandukira yeBolshevik yomuRussia uye aitotevedzera Lenin. Pakafa Lenin, Trotsky akapesana naStalin, akadzingwa muBato reCommunist, akazopondwa gare gare. Zita rake rakatobviswa mumaenisaikoropidhiya eSoviet. Kukanganiswa kwakadaro kwezvakaitika kare, kwokusvika kunyange pakupiswa kwemabhuku asingaenderani nezvido zvevanhu, kwave kuchiitwa nguva dzose nehurumende dzakawanda dzoudzvanyiriri.

Zvisinei, kumonyanisa zvakaitika kare, kwakabvira makare-kare, shure kunguva dzakadai sedzeIjipiti neSiriya. Vachidada uye vachinyanyozvitora, vanafarao, madzimambo, uye vatongi vaiva nechokwadi chokuti nhau dzezvavakaita dzaibata kumeso. Saka zvainge zvaitwa zvakanaka zvaigaropamhidzirwa, asi chipi nechipi chinonyadzisa uye chisingaremekedzeki, chakadai sokukundwa muhondo, chaitsikwa-tsikwa, kudzimwa kana kuti dzimwe nguva kusataurwa nezvacho. Kusiyana naizvozvo, nhau yeIsraeri yakanyorwa muBhaibheri inosanganisira kukundikana nembiri yemadzimambo nevaaitonga pasina musiyano.

Ko vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanoona sei kururama kwezvakanyorwa kare? Vanozvienzanisa nezvinhu zvakadai sezvinyorwa zvekare zvomutero, mabumbiro omutemo, mashoko okushambadza kutengeswa kwenhapwa, matsamba nezvinyorwa zvebhizimisi nezvomunhu oga, zvakanyorwa pazvayenga zvehari, zvinyorwa zvemashandiro aiita ngarava, uye zvinhu zvinowanikwa mumakuva. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana izvi zvinowanzojekesa kana kusiyanisa zvakanyorwa zviri pamutemo. Pavanenge vasati vaziva kana kuti vasati vava nechokwadi, vanyori vakanaka vezvakaitika kare vanowanzotaura, kunyange zvazvo vangapa fungidziro dzavo kuti vazadzise pasina chokwadi pacho. Kunyange zvoita sei, vaverengi vakangwara vanoshandisa rinopfuura bhuku rimwe kana vachitsvaka kududzira zviri pakati nepakati.

Pasinei nezvinetso zvinosangana nomunyori wezvakaitika kare, basa rake rinogona kuva nemashoko anobatsira. Rimwe bhuku rezvakaitika kare rinotsanangura kuti: “Kunyange zvakaoma hazvo kunyora, . . . zvakaitika kare munyika zvinokosha, zvinotova musimboti woupenyu, kwatiri.” Kuwedzera pakutiratidza zvakapfuura, zvakaitika kare zvinogona kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu iye zvino. Somuenzaniso, tinokurumidza kuona kuti vanhu vekare vaingoratidza unhu sohunoratidzwa nhasi. Unhu uhwu hunoramba huchidzokororwa hune zvahunoita zvikuru pazvakaitika kare, zvichida zvoita kuti pave nechirevo chinoti zvakaitika kare zvinozvidzokorora. Asi iyoyo imhedziso yakanyatsokwana here?

Zvakaitika Kare Zvinozvidzokorora Here?

Tinogona kufanoona nenzira yakarurama zvichaitika tichishandisa zvakaitika here? Mamwe marudzi ezviitiko anoitikazve. Somuenzaniso, aimbova Munyori weHurumende yeUnited States Henry Kissinger akati: “Nzanga yose yakambovako yakapedzisira yaparara.” Akawedzera kuti: “Zvakaitika kare zvinongova rungano rwezvakayedzwa zvikakundikana, zvido zvisina kuzadzika. . . . Saka, somunyori wezvakaitika kare, munhu anofanira kurarama achifunga kuti zvakaipa hazvidzivisiki.”

Hakuna umambo huviri hwakambowa zvakafanana. Bhabhironi rakawa muusiku humwe chete pamberi pevaMedhia nevaPersia muna 539 B.C.E. Girisi yakaputsika kuva umambo hunoverengeka Alexander Mukuru afa, ichizopedzisira yasiyira Roma nzvimbo. Zvisinei kuguma kweRoma kuchiri kuitiranwa nharo. Munyori wezvakaitika kare Gerald Schlabach anobvunza kuti: “Roma yakawa rini? Yakawa chaizvoizvo here? Chimwe chinhu chakachinja muWestern Europe pakati pa400 CE na600 CE. Asi zvakawanda zvakaramba zvichiitika.”a Zviri pachena kuti zvimwe zvezvakaitika kare zvinodzokororeka, asi zvimwe hazvidaro.

Chimwe chidzidzo chezvakaitika kare chinogara chichidzokororwa nenzira imwe cheteyo kukundikana kwoutongi hwevanhu. Nguva dzose munhau hurumende yakanaka yanga ichigarokanganiswa noumbimbindoga, kusaona zvichaitika mangwana, makaro, uori, tsvete, uye zvikurukuru makaro okuda nokuchengetedza simba. Nokudaro, nguva yakapfuura yakazara nemakwikwi okugadzira zvombo, zvibvumirano zvakakundikana, hondo, kusagadzikana kwenzanga uye mhirizhonga, kusagovanwa kwoupfumi zvakaenzanirana, uye kuparara kwoupfumi.

Somuenzaniso, ona zvinotaura The Columbia History of the World nezvepesvedzero yemararamiro okuMadokero munyika yose, inoti: “Pashure pokunge Columbus naCortes vamutsa vanhu vokuWestern Europe kuti vazive zvinobvira, havi yavo yokuda kuchinja zvinhu, kuwana pundutso, uye mukurumbira yakawedzerwa zvikuru uye mararamiro okuMadokero akatangwa, zvikurukuru nechisimba, munenge munyika yose. Vaine chishuvo chisingagutswi chokuwedzera uye vaine zvombo zvepamusoro-soro, vakundi vakaita kuti yasara yenyika yose ive rutivi rwemasimba eEurope isingadi . . Muchidimbu, vanhu vomumakondinendi aya [Africa, Asia, uye maAmerica] ndivo vaidzvinyirirwa zvisingaperi uye zvoutsinye.” Ndeechokwadi sei mashoko anowanikwa muBhaibheri pana Muparidzi 8:9 anoti: “Munhu ane simba pamusoro pomumwe, achimuitira zvakaipa”!

Zvichida ichi ndicho chinyorwa chinochemedza chakaita kuti muzivi wokuGermany ataure kuti chinhu chimwe chinofanira kudzidzwa muzvakaitika kare ndechokuti hapana chinodzidzwa nevanhu munhau dzekare. Jeremiya 10:23 inoti: “Munhu haangazvisarudziri nzira yake; munhu anofamba haangazviruramisiri tsoka dzake.” (Bhaibheri Rinoyera) Nhasi tinofanira kunyatsofunga nezveuku kusakwanisa kuzviruramisira tsoka dzedu. Nei? Nokuti tiri kutambudzwa nezvinetso zvisati zvamboitika zvose muhuwandu noukuru. Saka tingararama nazvo sei?

Zvinetso Zvisati Zvamboitika

Munhau yose yevanhu, pasi pose hapasati pambotyisidzirwa zvakadaro nokuparara kwemasango, gukuravhu, kuitwa gwenga, kutsakatika kukuru kwemhando dzemiti nemhuka, kuparadzwa kwezvinodzivirira mwaranzi yezuva inokuvadza, kushatiswa kwezvinhu, kudziya kwepasi rose, kuparara kwezvisikwa zvomunyanza, uye kuwedzera kunotyisa kwouwandu hwevanhu.

“Rimwe dambudziko riri kutarisana nevanhu nhasi kukurumidza kuchinja kuri kuita zvinhu,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi A Green History of the World. Ed Ayres, mupepeti wemagazini inonzi World Watch, anonyora kuti: “Takatarisana nechimwe chinhu chatisina ruzivo nacho tose zvokuti hatinyatsochioni, kunyange apo umboo hwacho huri hukuru zvisingarambiki. Kwatiri, ‘chinhu’ ichocho kuchinjwa kukuru kwezvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu zviri munyika yanga yakatichengeta.”

Achiona zvinetso izvi nezvimwe zvakadaro, munyori wezvakaitika kare Pardon E. Tillinghast anoti: “Kuri kuendwa nako nenzanga kwazova kunonyanya kuvhiringidza, uye kuvazhinji vedu kuvhiringidzwa kwacho kunotyisa. Inhungamiro ipi ingapiwa nhasi nevanyori vezvakaitika kare kuvanhu vavhiringika? Zvinoratidzika kuti haina kunyanya kukura.”

Nyanzvi dzokunyora zvakaitika kare dzingava dzapererwa nokuti dzoitei kana kuti dzopa zano rokutii, asi Musiki wedu haangambopererwi. Kutaura zvazviri, akafanotaura muBhaibheri kuti pamazuva okupedzisira, nyika yaizova ne“nguva dzinonetsa dzakaoma kubata nadzo.” (2 Timoti 3:1-5) Asi Mwari akatosvika kure uye akaita chimwe chinhu icho vanyori vezvakaitika kare vasina simba rokuita—akaratidza nzira yokubuda nayo, sezvatichaona munyaya inotevera.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 5]

“Nhau yose inotaurwa nevari kutonga . . . inofanira kurangarirwa nokufungira kukuru.”—MICHAEL STANFORD, MUNYORI WEZVAKAITIKA KARE

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 4]

Mambo Nero

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Roma, Musei Capitolini

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 7]

Nguva dzose “munhu ane simba pamusoro pomumwe achimuitira zvakaipa”

[Kwazvakatorwa]

“The Conquerors,” naPierre Fritel. Vanosanganisira (kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi): Ramses II, Attila, Hannibal, Tamerlane, Juriyo Kesari (pakati), Napoléon I, Alexander Mukuru, Nebhukadhinezari, uye Charlemagne. Kubva mubhuku rinonzi The Library of Historic Characters and Famous Events, Vol. III, 1895; ndege: USAF photo