Vinland Yemungano iri Kupi?

Nemunyori weMukai! muCanada

NYIKA yacho yakanga ine gorosi rinongozvimerera roga, hova dzakazara nehove dzinonzi salmon, “maberry ewaini” (cranberries), nemwaka yechando isingaiti mazaya echando. Nemaonerwe aiitwa zvinhu churu chemakore chapfuura, iyi yaiva paradhiso. Nhoroondo yevarume 36 vakashinga vakaita rwendo ikoko ndiyo yakaparira kutsvaka kune nzvimbo yacho chaiyo muzana remakore rechi20 iyo vanhu vemuEurope pavangave vakatanga kusvika muNorth America.

Imwe nguva pakati pa990 na1000 C.E., Viking Leif Eriksson nevarume vake vakatanga rwendo rwavo rwekuona nyika rwemakiromita 2 000. Vachifamba nemumvura vakananga kuchamhembe mumhenderekedzo yekumadokero kweGreenland ndokudzokazve kumadokero, Eriksson akasvika panyika mbiri, dzaakatumidza kuti Helluland neMarkland. Nhasi dzinozivikanwa seBaffin Island neLabrador. Nzvimbo yechitatu yakaburukira chikwata ichi ndiyo yakava chishamiso chacho—Vinland yemungano iri kupi?

Muna 1959, vanochera matongo Helge Ingstad nemudzimai wake, Anne Stine Ingstad, vakatanga kuitsvaka. Vaingova nemashoko okuvabetsera kufungidzira ezvinyorwa zvekare zvevaNorsemen, zvainzi nhoroondo dzeIceland, zvaiva nechokwadi nengano. Rwendo rwevaviri ava rwakavatorera zviuru zvemakiromita nemugungwa, panyika yakaoma, nemudenga, vachikwidza nokudzika mabvazuva panomira zvikepe zveNorth America. Pakupedzisira vakawana mubayiro pavakakaruka vasvika munzanga diki yeL’Anse aux Meadows, iri pedyo nemvura kuchamhembe kwechitsuwa cheNewfoundland. Ipapo mugari wepo, George Decker, akavaratidza nzvimbo yaiita semirwi yematongo edzimba yakavharwa nouswa.

Makore manomwe okuchera matongo akaita seakaratidza kuti nhoroondo yenzvimbo yacho ndeyechokwadi ndokubata pfungwa dzenyika yose. Zvinokosha kuti, mhuri yaIngstad yakafukunura zvivako zvemavhu nechipeneti chebronze chaishandiswa kupina chipfeko. Zvose izvi zvakaratidza kwakabva vaViking. Chimwe chakawanwa chinokosha kupfuura zvose chaiva choto chaipisirwa simbi. Slag yakasarira yakanzi yaiva yomunguva yakanyorwa munhoroondo dzokusvika kwaEriksson Nyika yekuMadokero. Ufakazi, pakupedzisira, hwakaratidza sehunotsigira kuvapo kwevaViking muNorth America.

Nzvimbo yatave kuziva zvino seL’Anse aux Meadows haiwirirani nerondedzero yemungano yeVinland. Zvimwe hatichambogoni kuratidza nzvimbo yacho chaiyo yenyika iyoyo nechivimbo. Zvisinei, zvinoratidzika sokuti vaViking kunyange zvazvo vangave vasiri vokutanga kusvika muNorth America, kusvika kwavo kwaiva anenge makore 500 Columbus asati asvika.

Nhasi ungangoshanyira nzvimbo yacho ndokuwana zivo shomanana nezvevaViking. Misha yakavakwazve yemavhu nemufananidzo wengarava ingave yakashandiswa naEriksson paaifamba rwendo rwake rwemugungwa zvinogona kuonekwa. Vanokuratidza nzvimbo vanopfeka semunguva yacho vangaita kuti unzwe uchida kuziva zvemakore ane chiuru iwayo vokubatsira kuzviona pachako uchirarama sevaViking.

[Mepu iri papeji 12]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

GREENLAND

BAFFIN ISLAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

L’ANSE AUX MEADOWS

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 12]

“Snorri,” mufananidzo wengarava yevaViking yebhizimisi yemamita 16.5 inozivikanwa se“knarr”

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Nordfoto/Carl D. Walsh

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Dzimba dzevhu dzakavakwazve paL’Anse aux Meadows

[Kwazvakatorwa]

L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site/UNESCO World Heritage Site

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 13]

Leif Eriksson