Makadhi Echikwereti Necheki Dzepeyi—Dzechokwadi Here Kana Dzechipameso?

AKAKODZERA sei! Maduku kwazvo, ari nyore kwazvo kutakura. Anokwana zvakaisvonaka kwazvo muchikwama chomurume kana kuti pesi yomukadzi. Usina kana sendi muhomwe mako, unokwanisa kutenga zvinhu zvizhinji kwazvo. Kushandiswa kwekadhi rechikwereti kunokurudzirwa uye kunoshambadzirwa nevendege, makambani ezvikepe, mahotera, uye nzvimbo dzinoshanyirwa munyika yose. Vanhu vanopiwa zano, rokuti: “Musabva pamusha musinaro.” Mamwe mabhizimisi angasva aagamuchira kupfuura mari. Kusafanana nemari, kana akabiwa kana kuti kurasika, anogona kutsiviwa. Imari yako umene yakaiswa muzita rako, ine zita rako uye nhamba yeakaundi yako woga zvakanyorwa pamusoro.

Munoaziva semari yepurasitiki—makadhi echikwereti. Muna 1985 mamwe mabhangi akatanga malaser-created holograms awo amene akaoma kunzwisisa, anoratidzika kuva ane mativi matatu, nezvimwe zvinhu zvokuchengetedza, kubva kumacode chaiwo ari musimbi ine magineti iri kumusana kuenda kuchiratidzo chisingaoneki chinooneka muchiedza cheultraviolet. Zvose izvi sechidziviso chokugadzirwa kwemakadhi okunyepedzera! Kunofungidzirwa kuti makadhi echikwereti anopfuura mamiriyoni 600 ari kutenderera kupota nyika yose.

Kunofungidzirwa kuti kurasikirwa munyika yose kubva muzvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana zvechitsotsi chemakadhi echikwereti mukuvamba kwema1990 kwakanga kuri anenge mabhiriyoni mapfumbamwe emadhora. Pazvimiro izvozvo zvakasiyana-siyana, kugadzira makadhi okunyepedzera kunoshumwa kuva kuri kukura nokukurumidzisa—inenge 10 muzana yokurasikirwa kwose.

Muna 1993, somuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwemakadhi okunyepedzera echikwereti kwakadyira mabhangi akabatana nemakambani anotengesa nechikwereti mamiriyoni 1 204,20 emadhora, wedzero ye75 muzana kupfuura gore rakapfuura racho. Imwe kambani hurusa yemakadhi echikwereti, yakakura zvokuti iri munyika dzakawanda, yakashumawo kurasikirwa kukuru nemhaka yokugadzirwa kwemakadhi okunyepedzera echikwereti. “Ikoko kunoita kugadzirwa kwemakadhi okunyepedzera chinetso chikuru kwete bedzi nokuda kwemabhangi, kambani dzemakadhi uye vatengesi vanoagamuchira asiwo nokuda kwevatengi vari munyika yose,” rakanyora kudaro rimwe pepanhau reNew Zealand. Nepo vane makadhi zviri pamutemo vasiri ivo vane mhaka nokuda kwekurasikirwa kwacho, ndyiko dzacho dzinopfuudzwa nenzira isingadzivisiki kuvatengi.

Zvakadini nezvinhu zvakagadzirirwapo zvokuchengetedza zvaishanda sezvipingamupinyi kuvagadziri vemakadhi okunyepedzera—zvakadai semalaser-created hologram uye waya dzemagineti dzakaiswa code chaidzo? Mukati megore pashure pokunge izvi zvinhu zvaiswa, makadhi okunyepedzera asina kugadzirwa zvakanaka okutanga akavamba kuoneka. Chinguvana pashure pezvo, zvinhu zvose zvokuchengetedza zvakakopewa kana kuti kufumurwa. “Munofanira kugarovandudza,” akadaro mumwe mukuru mukuru webhangi wokuHong Kong. “Makuruku ari kugaroedza kuenda mberi kwenyu.”

Nenzira inofadza, hafu yekurasikirwa kwose nemhaka yekugadzirwa kwemakadhi okunyepedzera mukuvamba kwema1990 kwakaitikira muAsia, maererano nenyanzvi, uye inenge hafu yaikoku kwakarondwa kusvika kuHong Kong. “Hong Kong yakakurumbira mukugadzira makadhi echikwereti okunyepedzera sezvakaita Paris mukugadzira zvipfeko zviri mufashoni,” yakazivisa kudaro imwe nyanzvi. Vamwe vakapomera Hong Kong kuva dzimbahwe renyika rokugadzira makadhi okunyepedzera—“mharadzano ‘yetriangle yepurasitiki’ yechitsotsi chemakadhi echikwereti chinobatanidza Thailand, Malaysia uye zvino kumaodzanyemba kweChina.” “Mapurisa eHong Kong anoti vamapepanhau vomunzvimbomo vakabatana nezvikwata zvakarongwa zvematsotsi zvokuChina vanonyora, nokupa makadhi echipameso macode akavanzika vachishandisa nhamba dzinogoverwa navatengesi vakaipa. Ipapo vanongotumira makadhi okunyepedzera acho mhiri kwamakungwa,” rakashuma kudaro pepanhau reNew Zealand.

“Muchina wokunyora makadhi echikwereti, wakatengwa [muCanada] nemitezo yegen’a reAsia, uri kushandiswa zvino kugadzira makadhi echikwereti echipameso. Muchina wacho unodhinda makadhi echikwereti 250 paawa, uye mapurisa anodavira kuti wakashandiswa muchitsotsi chemamiriyoni nemamiriyoni emadhora,” rakashuma kudaro pepanhau reCanada rinonzi Globe & Mail. Mumakore mashomanene akapfuura, veChina vanobva kuHong Kong vakasungwa vachishandisa makadhi echikwereti okunyepedzera munyika dzinenge 22 kubva kuAustria kusvika kuAustralia, kubatanidza Guam, Malaysia, uye Switzerland. Makadhi echikwereti okuJapan anotsvakwa zvikurusa, sezvo achibvumira chikwereti chikurusa kuvashandisi vawo.

Kuwandisa kweutsotsi hwemakadhi echikwereti uye kugadzira okunyepedzera kunoreva kuti “vagoveri vanomanikidzwa kuparadzira ndyiko dzechitsama chiri kukura choutsotsi,” akadaro mumwe mukuru mukuru webhangi weCanada. Ndozvazvinoita. Kadhi rechikwereti ringava rakanaka zvirokwazvo uye muponesi woupenyu apo mushandisi anenge asina mari yakakwana. Yeuka, zvisinei, kuti icho vagadziri vemakadhi okunyepedzera vanoda bedzi inhamba yeakaundi yako nomusi unopera kushanda kadhi racho uye vanenge vawana zvavanoda. “Imari yepurasitiki,” akanyevera kudaro mumwe mukuru wokuchengeta weruwa weAmerican Express International, “asi vanhu havasati vave kuabata nokungwarira kumwe cheteko kwavanoita mari.”

“Gadziriro yacho yakazadzwa nezvinetso,” akadaro mumwe mukuru wemapurisa. “Uye matsotsi akazviona zvose. Uye vakomana, vakazvishandisa noutsinye,” akadaro nezvevagadziri vemakadhi okunyepedzera.

Kugadzirwa Kwecheki Dzokunyepedzera

Nezera riri kuuya rokudhinda kwapamadhesiki kungagona kukopa inodokuva mari ipi neipi yepepa pasina chikanganiso, chakakurumidza kutevera chakanga chisingadzivisiki. Matsotsi angagona zvino kugadzira magwaro akasiyana-siyana: mapasipoti, mabirth certificate, makadhi okutamisa, zvitupa zvokuva mutezo wekambani, makadhi okuderedzerwa mutengo, chinyorwa chemirayiridzo yokushandisa mirimo, uye zvimwe zvizhinji. Asi purofiti hurusa inozowanwa mukuitwa kwecheki dzepeyi.

Unyanzvi hwacho huri nyore zvinoshamisa. Cheki dzepeyi dzinobva kukambani huru ine mamiriyoni emadhora ari mumabhangi omunzvimbomo kana kuti ari munyika iyoyo yose akangowanikwa bedzi nemugadziri wezvinhu zvokunyepedzera, anenge awana zvaanoda. Nemuchina wake wokudhindisa wepadhesiki, optical scanner, uye mimwe midziyo yemagetsi inowanikwa nyore nyore, anogona kuchinja cheki kuti ikodzerane nechinangwa chake amene—kuchinja musi, kudzima zita romunhu anofanira kubhadharwa achiisa rake amene, kuwedzera mazero pachitsama chamadhora. Ipapo anodhinda cheki yakachinjwa palaser printer yake amene, achishandisa pepa raatenga pachitoro chemabhuku chiri pedyosa rine ruvara rumwe cheterwo necheki yacho. Achidhinda madhazeni kana kuti kupfuura ezvipameso panguva imwe, anogona kunodzichinjisa pabazu ripi neripi rebhangi racho riri muguta ripi neripi.

Kuwanda kwekugadzirwa kwecheki dzokunyepedzera kupfurikidza nouyu mutoo wakapfava nousingadhuri kukuru kwazvo, vakuru vakuru vemabhangi nevanoita kuti mutemo uteererwe vanodaro, zvokuti ndyiko dzacho kuupfumi dzingagona kusvika mabhiriyoni mapfumbamwe emadhora. Muchinoitika chakasimba zvikurukuru, yakashuma kudaro The New York Times, gen’a reLos Angeles rakafamba nenyika yose vachichinjisa zviuru zvecheki dzepeyi dzokunyepedzera kumabhangi, dzine hwerengedzo inopfuura mamiriyoni 18 emadhora. Vanzveri vemaindasitiri vanofungidzira kuti hwerengedzo yendyiko yegore negore yecheki dzoutsotsi zvino yava mabhiriyoni 90 emadhora muUnited States moga. “Chinetso choutsotsi chikurusa chemasangano ezvemari,” akadaro mukuru mukuru weFBI, “zvishandiso zvinotauriranwa zvokunyepedzera, zvakadai soutsotsi hwecheki uye utsotsi hwemoney order.”

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 27]

Purofiti hurusa inobva mukugadzirwa kwecheki dzepeyi