Kunzvera Mhuka—Kuita Kwamasimba Masimba
KUDAI chiverengero chaichoicho chezvisikwa zvinamakumbo mana chinoshandiswa mukuedza kwamarabhorotari uye semienzaniso nokuda kwokunzvera kwokurapa chingarongwa, hwerengedzo yose yegore negore ingava inokatyamadza. Kunokarakadzwa kuti dzinenge mhuka dzinamamirioni 17—imbwa, katsi, maprimate, mbira, uye tsuro—dzinoshandiswa gore rimwe nerimwe muUnited States moga bedzi. Makonzo nembeva zvinoita 85 muzana yeichi chiverengero. Sezvakusina zvinyorwa zvakarurama zvouko idzi mhuka dzinoshandiswa kana kuti ingani, izvi zviverengero zvinorangarirwa namamwe magorokotera kuva zviverengero zvisina kutsarukana zvikurusa. Mamwe manyuko anoisa chiverengero chose nokuda kweUnited States pakuva chiri pedyo zvikuru namamirioni ane zana. Unowana izvi zviverengero kuva zvinokatyamadza here?
Kunyange zvazvo kubayirwa kweizvi zvisikwa zvine mvere kwave kusati kuri kusina donzo, unovhundutswa nomufungowo zvawo wakwo here? Unorangarira uku kuuraya kuva kwakashata here? Mamirioni avanhu anovenga kushandiswa kwemhuka mukunzvera. Vamwe vanotaura kuti kushandiswa zvisinokufanira kwemhuka rusarura mhuka. Wezvokusarura mhuka ndimumwe ano“rerekera kufariro dzorudzi rwake amene uye mukurwisana nefariro dzamamwe marudzi.” (Point/Counterpoint Responses to Typical pro-Vivisection Arguments) Mukuwirirana navezvokusunungurwa kwemhuka, vezvokusarura mhuka vano“davira kuti miuyo inoruramisa mitoo yacho, uye kuti chakaipa chinofanira kuitwa [kumhuka] kuwana chakanaka [nokuda kwavanhu].”
Kuno rumwe rutivi, murangariro wesayenzi unopetwa mumibvunzo inotevera: Unoitira pfunde pfunde gadziriro inoreverera kuuraiwa kwemhuka zvikuru zvokuti vanachiremba vangadzidza zivo itsva mukuita kuvhiya vanhu kana kuti kudzivisa kupararira kwehosha here? Wakagadzirira kurega mirimo mitsva inoponesa upenyu nemishonga nemhaka yokuti unoziva kuti iyo yakatanga kuedzwa pamhuka here? Ungadisisa here, hungu kuda, kuita kuti uropi hwakaremara hwomwana wako kana kuti mubereki mupenyu hushandiswe mukuedza kwokuvhiya panzvimbo pemhuka? Uye pakupedzisira, pane ichi: Kana kunzvera mhuka kuchigona kukuponesa kana kuti mudikanwi pahosha inorwadza zvikuru kana kuti rufu, waizokuramba here uine murangariro wokuti kubayira mhuka kuti munhu aponeswe kwakashata? Vamwe vangataura havo kuti chinetso chacho hachiziri nyore zvikuru kugadzikisa.
Sangano Rokusunungura Mhuka
Hunganyuvezvo, mukati mamakore gumi omuma 1980, kwakanga kuno mufungo waiwedzera wokushandiswa kwemhuka mukunzvera. Nhasi mufungo iwowo wakashandurwa kuva boka renyika yose ramasangano anoshingaira anopfuurira kuwedzera musimba nomuzviverengero. Anotaura zvikuru mukuraira kubviswa chose chose kwokushandiswa kwemhuka dzose nokuda kwokuedza kwokurapa kana kuti kwerabhorotari.
Vezvokushingairira maruramiro emhuka vari kuita kuti kutaura kwavo kunzwike kupfurikidza nokuratidzira kwomumakona emigwagwa, kupesvedzera kwezvamatongerwe enyika, magazini namapepanhau, nhepfenyuro neterevhizheni, uye, nomutoo unoisvocherekedzwa, unyanzvi hwokurwa uye masimba masimba. Mumwe wezvokushingaira akatanhamara weCanada akataura pamusoro pesangano rerusununguko, kuti: “Riri kupararira nomutoo wokukurumidza muEurope yose, Australia neNew Zealand. Nyika dzeStates dziri kuramba dzichisimba zvikuru kwazvo. MuCanada munewedzero inokatyamadza. Kune boka ramasangano rakapararira munyika yose uye muitiro mumburumbwa yose iri nokuda kwokutsigirwa kwamasangano amaruramiro emhuka anodenha zvikuru.”
Dzimwe aaya ‘mapoka anodenha’ ari kushandisa masimba masimba mukutsigira nzira yawo. Mukati mamakore mashomanene okupedzisira, anenge marabhorotari 25 okunzverera muUnited States akapwanywa namapoka amaruramiro emhuka. Marabhorotari apaYunivhesiti akabhombwa. Uku kuvhojokera kwakaparira kuvadziko inokosha madhora ana mamirioni. Zvinyorwa zvinokosha namashoko anokosha zvakaparadzwa. Mhuka dziri kunzverwa dzakabiwa ndokusunungurwa. Mune chinoitika chimwe chakadaro, kunzvera kwakakosha pamusoro poupofu hwavacheche kwakaparadzwa. Midziyo inodhura zvikurusa yakawanwa kuva inokosha mazana ezviuru zvamadhora yakaputswa.
Mutsamba yokutsutsumwa yakatumirwa kuvakuru vakuru vapayunivhesiti namanyuko enhau, rimwe boka rinorwisa rakaganza kuti kuparadza mabheko anoita $10 000 muanenge masekondi 12 nomugwara wesimbi we $5 kwakanga kuri “muuyo wakanaka zvikuru patsigiro yedu.” Mune dzimwe nzvimbo vanzveri, vanachiremba navezvesayenzi vakawana ropa rakaduririrwa pamipakwa napamashoko okunzvera napazviratidzo zvaverabhorotari zvakapendwa nomuchina wokupenda nawo pamadziro. Mumwe mushumo unotaura nezvo“kunetswa, kubatanidza netyisidziro dzorufu, dzavezvesayenzi nemhuri dzavo.” MuUnited States, vezvokusunungurwa kwemhuka vakabudisa tyisidziro dzinopfuura gumi nembiri dzorufu kana kuti masimba masimba kuna vezvesayenzi vamwe navamwe. Muna 1986 nhepfenyuro yeLondon BBC, mumwe mutsinhiri akati: “Chinobatanidza vezvokushingaira ndiko kupwiswa kwokuti chiito chakananga—kuparadzwa kwepfuma, uye kunyange upenyu ihwo humene—kunoruramiswa mutsika muhondo yokusunungura mhuka.”
Mumwe mutungamiriri wokusunungurwa kwemhuka, akati: “Kwave kusati kune munhu upi noupi akakuvadzwa asi iyeyo ityisidziro ine ngozi . . . Nokukurumidza zvikurusa mumwe munhu acharova shure uye pangava nekuvadziko pavanhu.” Muna 1986, mubvunzurudzo imwe cheteyo, mutungamiriri akadeya kutaura masimba masimba muBritain neWest Germany. Zvinoitika muchimiro chokubhomba nemwoto namasimba masimba zvakabvumikisa kudeya kutaura kwake. MuUnited States, nhamburiko dzakatoitwa paupenyu hwomumwe munhu ane kambani inonzvera mhuka. Chiito chokukurumidza chamapurisa chakamuponesa pakuva anobhombwa. Zvisinei, handi vezvokusunungura mhuka vose vanobvumirana nouhu unyanzvi hwamasimba masimba, husati huri hwapamutemo.
Neiko Pane Chishoro Chavo?
Mukuwirirana neThe Journal of the American Medical Association, “vanhu vazhinjisa vanoitira hanya kushandiswa kwemhuka mukunzverwa kwokushanda kwomushonga mumuviri kunogona kukamuranisirwa mumapoka maviriwo zvawo: (1) avo vanoitira hanya garikano yemhuka vasingashori kunzverwa kwokushanda kwomushonga mumuviri asi vanoda simbisiro yokuti mhuka dzinobatwa nomutoo womutsa sezvingabvira, kuti chiverengero chemhuka dzinoshandiswa chive chiduku chinobvira chinodikanwa, uye kuti mhuka dzinoshandiswa bedzi apo kunova kuri madikanwa.” Iri boka, mukuwirirana neiyi nzvero yazvino uno, rinoita kutaura kushoma kwavoruzhinji.
Boka rechipiri, mukuwirirana namanyuko mamwe chetewo, “avo vanoitira hanya maruramiro emhuka vanoshandisa chimiro chikuru chokuchinja uye vanoshora chose chose kushandiswa kwemhuka mukunzverwa kwokushanda kwomushonga mumuviri.” “Mhuka dzina maruramiro apakuvamba asingaparadzanisiki,” akadaro mutarisiri biyamwe weboka rimwe rakadaro. “Kana mhuka ine simba rokunzwa kurwadziwa kana kuti kutya, ipapo ina maruramiro okuita kuti zvinhu izvozvo zvirege kuitwa pairi.” “Hapana hwaro hwokuva nomufungo nokuda kwokutaura kuti munhu ana maruramiro chaiwo,” mumwe mutauriri akataura kudaro. “Zvose zvakafanana. Zvose ndezvomuboka rakakwirira rezvisikwa.”
Vezvokusunungurwa kwemhuka vazhinji vanopwiswa zvikurukuru vanoshora kushandiswa kwemhuka nokuda kwezvokudya, zvokupfeka, mitambo, uye kunyange zvipfuyo zvokutamba nazvo. Varedzi vakasundumidzirwa mumvura naavo vanoshora kubatwa nokudyiwa kwehove. Vanhu vanopfeka mabhachi ane mvere nezvipfeko zveganda remhuka vakatukwa pamigwagwa. Zvitoro zvakapwanywa uye mabhachi anodhura emvere achiparadzwa naavo vano murangariro wokuchinja zvikuru wokushandiswa kwemhuka nokubatwa zvisinokufanira. “Handizati ndichizodya mazai nokuda kwezvokudya zvamagwanani kana kuti kupfeka zvipfeko zvamakanda,” mumwe akataura kudaro. “Kunenge seri kwenhindi iri yose yebacon uye zai riri rose rinoratidzika kuva risingakuvadzi,” rakanyevera kudaro pepanhau reHumane Society of the United States, kwa“kavanda nhau refu, yakavanzika yokutambura kusingatsungiririki.” Richipedzisa nemifananidzo yenguruve nehuku zvakapfigirwa muzvirugu zviduku nezvizumba, pepanhau rakapomera kuti iyi migariro, yakapararira zvikuru munzvimbo dzamabasa dzinogadzirwa zvinhu nokugadzirwa kwenyama yenguruve neyehuku, inoita “ndiro yenyama yenguruve namazai haisati iri chimwe chinhu kunze kwe‘kudya kwamangwanani kwoutsinye.’” Sezvinooneka, kunokunzwa kwakasimba nokwapachokwadi kunobatanidzwa mukudzivirirwa kwamaruramiro emhuka.
Nhau Dzinotyisa
Vanhu vazhinji vanodavira kuti kushora kunzvera mhuka kunoruramiswa zvizere. Imwe yenhau dzinomukurumbira wakashata zvikuru yakabatanidzwa muRabhorotari Rokukuvara Musoro rapayunivhesiti yakakurumbira yeAmerica. Matepi evhidhio akabiwa akatorwa mukati mokuvhojokera kwokusunungurwa kwemhuka akaratidzira “tsoko dzichidzvanyidzirwa misoro yadzo mumuchina unorovanya nesimba, vanzveri vachiseka kuita kwokupfizuka kwezvisikwa zvine uropi hwakuvadzwa,” yakashuma kudaro magazini yeKiwanis yaSeptember 1988. Ikoku kwakaparira kubviswa kwokuwanira mari kwehurumende nokuda kwerabhorotari.
Uyewo kune kuedza kwakashata kweDraize, kwakanyanyofanana zvikuru nokwenzvimbo dzamabasa anogadzirwa zvinhu ecosmetic, shampoo, detergent, uye lye. Uyu muedzo unoshandiswa kuyera kuswinya kwomushonga ungapinda mumeso omunhu. Chaizvoizvo, kubvira patsuro dzinopfuiwa nhanhatu kusvikira kupfumbamwe dzinoiswa munzvimbo dzinobvumira bedzi misoro yadzo nemitsipa kubuda kunze. Ikoku kunodzidzivisa kukwenga meso adzo nenzara pashure pokunge mushonga wadururirwa madziri. Kuri kushumwa kuti tsuro dzinonjiririka mukurwadziwa. Kunyange vanzveri vazhinji vanoshora zvikurukuru ichi chimiro chokuedza uye vari kuedza kudzivisa kushandiswa kwacho. Masangano amaruramiro emhuka akatsigira nhau zhinji dzinotyisa dzinoitwa mumarabhorotari okunzvera mhuka.
Vezvokusunungurwa kwemhuka havana mufungo wakakwirira waDr. Robert White anokorwa mashoko kare. American Anti-Vivisection Society yakanyora kuti iye “munzveri wemhuka akashata wokuCleveland uyo akaisira misoro yetsoko uye akachengeta uropi hwetsoko huri hupenyu mumvura, kunze kwomuviri.”
Sezvinoitika mupokanidzano zhinji, pane kunyanyisa kuviri, uye pane nzira yapakati inoedza kutora zvakanakisisa ndokubvisa zvakaipisisa zvemiuyo. Somuenzaniso, kuna mapindukiro api naapi anoshanda pakuedza nemhuka here? Ko kurambwa chose chose kwokunzvera mhuka ndikwo bedzi mhinduro inoshanda, yakadzikama here? Nyaya yedu inotevera icharangarira iyi mibvunzo.
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Mirangariro Inosiana
“NDINODAVIRA kuti mhuka dzina maruramiro ayo, kunyange zvazvo akasiana needu timene, akaita saasingabvisiki. Ndinodavira kuti mhuka dzinamaruramiro okusava namarwadzo, kutya kana kuti kurwadziswa mumuviri kunoitwa padziri nesu. . . . Dzinamaruramiro okusaitirwa utsinye munzira ipi neipi samanyuko ezvokudya, nokuda kwevaraidzo kana kuti rimwe donzo ripi neripi.”—Naturalist Roger Caras, ABC-TV News, U.S.A. (Newsweek, December 26, 1988).
“Kutarira pamufananidzo mukuru, handigoni kufuratira mwero mukurusa wezvakanaka zvakaparirwa nokunzvera. Majekiseni, kurapa, unyanzvi hwokuvhiya, uye miitiro yakatangwa mumarabhorotari zvakawedzera nduramo nomutoo unokatyamadza muzana ramakore rakapfuura . . . Mune iyi tsananguro, kusashandisa mhuka nokuda kwokunzvera kunogona kuonwa sechisarudzo choutsinye: Takava nenzira yokudzidza mapodzerwe ehosha asi hatina kuishandisa.”—Marcia Kelly, Health Sciences, Fall 1989, University of Minnesota.
“Ndinoti ‘Aiwa’ kukunzverwa kwemhuka. Kwete bedzi nokuda kwetsika, asi zvikurukuru nokuda kwezvikonzero zvesayenzi. Kwakaratidzirwa kuti miuyo inobva mukunzverwa kwemhuka haizati ichitongoshanda kuvanhu. Kune mutemo womusikirwo wakabatana namavakirwe anoitwa muviri nezvinodyiwa . . . mukuwirirana nokushanda kwomushonga mumuviri, uko kwakasimbiswa nokuda kworudzi rumwe, kunoshanda bedzi nokuda kworudzi irworwo chairwo uye kwete nokuda kworumwe. . . . Kunzverwa kwemhuka ndokwokurangarira kusina kururama, kusina maturo, kunodhura uye kupfuurirazve kwoutsinye.”—Gianni Tamino, munzveri wapaYunivhesiti yePadua, chikoro chikuru chemishonga cheItaly.
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Tsuro dziri mutukamuri dzinoshandiswa nokuda kwokuedzwa kwaDraize mumeso
[Kwazvakatorwa]
PETA
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