Munhu Akatanga Kubudisa Mabhuku Anotsigira Kubudiswa kweBhaibheri

MABHUKU akaita zvokunyorwa noruoko uye mipumburu hazvina kutanga nhasi, zvatova nezviuru zvemakore. Asi mabhuku akaita zvokudhindwa haasi ekare-kare. Mabhuku akadhindwa anozivikanwa akabudiswa kuChina muna 868 C.E., mashoko achiita zvokutemerwa pazvimiti zvakavezwa. Munenge mugore ra1455 kuGermany, Johannes Gutenberg akagadzira muchina unodhinda mabhuku, akapirinda Bhaibheri rokutanga mumutauro wechiLatin.

Zvisinei, kwatozopera makore akawanda, basa rokudhinda mabhuku rasimukira, ndipo pakazotanga kuparadzirwa maBhaibheri nemamwe mabhuku. Nuremberg ndiwo waiva muzinda wokubudisa mabhuku akadhindwa muGermany, uye Anton Koberger chizvarwa chemuguta iroro, angadaro ari iye akatanga kuva nekambani hombe, inowanika munyika dzakawanda yaipirinda nokubudisa maBhaibheri.

Vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vanotenda chaizvo vanhu vepakutanga-tanga vaibudisa maBhaibheri akadhindwa, vanosanganisira Anton Koberger. Saka ngatimboongororai Koberger nezvaaiita.

“Aifunga Nezvebhuku Rimwe Chete—Bhaibheri”

Koberger akatanga kushandisa muchina wokutanga unodhinda mabhuku waiva kuNuremberg muna 1470. Paakanga ava kuita basa sebasa aiva nemichina 24 yaishanda panguva imwe chete, aine vashandi 100 vaidhinda, vaiita mamwe mabasa emaoko, uye vamwe vashandi vaiva muBasel, muStrasbourg, muLyon, uye mune mamwe maguta okuEurope. Koberger akabudisa zvinyorwa zvaiva mumutauro wechiLatin munguva yeMiddle Ages uye mabhuku akawanda esayenzi yemazuva iwayo. Panguva yaaiita basa rake akabudisa mabhuku nemaBhaibheri anosvika 236. Mamwe akanga aine mapeji akawandisa, asi vanhu ndivo vaitodhinda vachishandisa michina yemaoko.

Mavara aibudiswa nomuchina waKoberger akanga akanaka zvokuti mabhuku aakagadzira akanga akanyorwa zvakanaka uye aiva nyore kuverenga. Anonyora nezvezvakaita kare anonzi Alfred Börckel anoti: “Koberger aigara achishandisa mavara ainyatsobuda zvakanaka. Ainge asingachabudi zvakanaka aisada kuti ashandiswe.” Uyezve mabhuku nemaBhaibheri akawanda aibudiswa naKoberger aisanganisira mapuranga akavezwa aiva nemifananidzo yakawanda.

Kubvira Koberger paakatanga basa rake kusvikira aripedza, “zvinooneka kuti aifunga nezvebhuku rimwe chete—Bhaibheri,” akadaro Oscar Hase akanyora nezveupenyu hwaKoberger. Koberger nevamwe vake vakashanda zvakaoma kuti vave neBhaibheri rakarurama kupfuura mamwe ose pane akanga ariko mazuva iwayo. Basa iri rinofanira kunge rakanga risiri nyore, sezvo matehwe akawanda aikosheswa aiva ari emachechi uye vaingoapiwa kwenguva pfupi kuti vaakope, ndokunge vaapiwa.

MaBhaibheri Emutauro wechiLatin newechiGerman

Koberger akadhinda makopi 15 akasiyana-siyana eBiblia Latina (Bhaibheri rechiLatin), rokutanga racho rakabuda muna 1475. Mamwe acho aiva nemifananidzo yeareka yaNoa, Mitemo Gumi, uye temberi yakavakwa naSoromoni. Muna 1483, Koberger akadhinda makopi anenge 1 500 eBiblia Germanica (Bhaibheri rechiGerman), aiva akawanda chaizvo panguva iyoyo. Bhaibheri iri rinewo mifananidzo inopfuura 100 yakanga yakanyorwa papuranga kuitira kuti vaverengi vafarire kuriverenga, kujekesa mashoko uye kuyeuchidza vaya vasingagoni kuverenga nyaya dzakakurumbira dziri muBhaibheri. Mifananidzo iri muBhaibheri iri yakazobatsira chaizvo vaiisa mifananidzo muBhaibheri, kunyanya maBhaibheri echiGerman.

Bhaibheri rakabudiswa naKoberger muna 1483 rechiGerman rakafarirwa nevanhu vakawanda, asi ndiyo shanduro imwe chete yechiGerman yaakakwanisa kubudisa. Kunyange hazvo vapepeti vake vaiona nezvekunyorwa kwaro vakanyatsochinja manyorerwo aro kuti aenderane neVulgate yechiLatin yaigamuchirwa nechechi, akanga achishandisa shanduro yechiWaldensia yomuzana remakore rechi14 yakanga yarambidzwa.a Gore rakatevera racho, Pope Innocent VIII akaparadza nzvimbo yevaWaldensia. Zvadaro chechi yakawedzera kurambidza maBhaibheri omutauro wemunyika imomo. Musi wa22 March, 1485, Bhishopu mukuru Berthold wokuMainz, Germany, akarayira kuti Bhaibheri risashandurirwe mumutauro wechiGerman. Musi wa4 January gore rakazotevera, Berthold akarayira zvakare kuti Bhaibheri risashandurirwe mumutauro wechiGerman. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, Koberger haana kuzombodazve kudhinda Bhaibheri rechiGerman.

Kunyange zvakadaro, Anton Koberger akashandira zviripo. Akatungamirira pakushandisa unyanzvi hutsva hwokudhinda mabhuku hwakanga hwuchangotanga kuti agadzire mabhuku akawanda akasiyana-siyana akanga asingadhuri uye aiwanika muEurope. Saka basa raKoberger rakaita kuti vanhuwo zvavo vawane Bhaibheri.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 26]

Kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi: Chipuranga chine mufananidzo waDhanieri ari mugomba reshumba; Mavara makuru akanyorwa negoridhe; Mavara akanyorwa zvakanaka

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 26]

Koberger

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Mifananidzo yemaBhaibheri aKoberger echiLatin neechiGerman, iri kuratidza zviri kupenya zvakadhirowewamo uye mashoko anotsanangura Genesisi 1:1

[Vakatipa Mifananidzo iri papeji 26]

All Bible photos: Courtesy American Bible Society Library; Koberger: Mit freundlicher Genehmigung der Linotype GmbH