Vanyori Vokutanga Vedzidziso dzechiKristu—Vakanyora Zvainyatsodzidziswa neVaapostora Here?

PAKUTANGA kwezana remakore rechipiri C.E., dzidziso dzenhema dzakanga dzatanga kusvibisa mvura yakachena yechokwadi chechiKristu. Sezvakanga zvafanotaurwa nouprofita hwakafuridzirwa, pashure pokufa kwevaapostora, vamwe vanhu vakasiya chokwadi ndokutanga kutevedzera “ngano.” (2 Timoti 4:3, 4) Munenge muna 98 C.E., Johani, muapostora akanga asara achiri kurarama, akanyevera nezvedzidziso dzisina kururama uye nezvevanhu ‘vaiedza kutsausa’ vaKristu vakatendeka.—1 Johani 2:26; 4:1, 6.

Pasina nguva refu, varume vaizivikanwa seVanyori Vokutanga Vedzidziso dzechiKristu vakaedza kutsausa vanhu nezvavainyora. Vakaitei nounyengeri hwechitendero? Vakateerera here nyevero yakafuridzirwa yomuapostora Johani?

Vaiva Vanaani?

Mashoko okuti “Vanyori Vokutanga Vedzidziso DzechiKristu” anoshandiswa kuvanyori vezvitendero vangave vaiziva mumwe wevaapostora vaJesu kana kuti vangave vakadzidziswa nevadzidzi vakadzidza kubva kuvaapostora. Vakawanda vevarume ava vakararama pedyo nezana remakore rokutanga C.E. kusvika pakati pezana remakore rechipiri.a Vamwe vacho vaiva Clement wokuRoma, Ignatius wokuAndiyoki, Papias weHiraporisi, naPolycarp wokuSimina. Vamwe vanyori vasina kutaurwa nemazita vakanyorawo panguva iyi ndevaya vakanyora mabhuku anoti The Didache, Epistle of Barnabas, Martyrdom of Polycarp, uye tsamba yechipiri yaClement.

Mazuva ano, zvakaoma kuona kuti dzidziso dzeVanyori Vokutanga Vedzidziso DzechiKristu dzinopindirana zvakadii nezvaidzidziswa naJesu. Hapana mubvunzo kuti pane dzidziso dzechiKristu dzavaida kuchengetedza. Vaishora kunamata zvifananidzo nounzenza. Vaitenda kuti Jesu aiva Mwanakomana waMwari uye kuti akamutswa. Zvisinei, havana kukwanisa kumisa dzidziso dzokutsauka pakutenda dzakanga dziri kuwedzera. Asi vakatoita kuti dzidziso dzisina kururama dziwedzere.

Zvavakachinja Hazvina Zvazvakakanganisa Here?

Chokwadi dzimwe dzidziso dzevakatsauka pakutenda dzainzi ndedzechiKristu dzainge dzisiri dzaKristu nedzevaapostora vake. Somuenzaniso, kusiyana nezvakaitwa naJesu nevadzidzi vake paakatanga Kudya kwaShe Kwemanheru, kunonziwo Kudya Kwemanheru Kwokupedzisira, munyori webhuku rinonzi The Didache akakurudzira kutanga kufambisa waini chingwa chisati chafambiswa. (Mateu 26:26, 27) Munyori uyu akatiwo kana pasina mvura yakawanda zvokuti munhu anogona kubhabhatidzwa achinyudzwa, aingogona kuita zvokudirwa mvura mumusoro. (Mako 1:9, 10; Mabasa 8:36, 38) Ndima imwe chete iyoyi yakakurudzira vaKristu kuti vaite tsika dzaisungirwa munhu kuti aite dzakadai sokutsanya kaviri pavhiki uye kudzokorora shoko neshoko munyengetero unonzi Baba Vedu katatu pazuva.—Mateu 6:5-13; Ruka 18:12.

Kana ari Ignatius akadzidzisa kuti panofanira kuva nerimwe sangano reungano yechiKristu, rinenge riina bhishopu mumwe chete achitungamirira “ari panzvimbo yaMwari.” Bhishopu uyu aizova nesimba pavaprisiti vakawanda. Dzidziso dzakadaro dzakaita kuti dzidziso dzisiri dzemumagwaro dziwedzere.—Mateu 23:8, 9.

Kuwedzeredza, Kufira Kutenda, uye Kunamata Zvifananidzo

Kuwedzeredza kwakaita kuti Vanyori Vokutanga Vedzidziso DzechiKristu vawedzere kutsauka. Papias aiva nenyota yechokwadi uye aitaura zviri muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Panguva imwe chete iyi, aitenda kuti muMakore ane Chiuru eKutonga kwaKristu akafanotaurwa, mizambiringa yaizobereka mapazi 10 000, uye bazi rimwe nerimwe tumapazi 10 000, kapazi kamwe nekamwe mabukira 10 000, bukira rimwe nerimwe masumbu 10 000 uye sumbu rimwe nerimwe mazambiringa 10 000, uye zambiringa rimwe chete raizobudisa marita 1 000 ewaini.

Polycarp aida kufira kutenda pane kuti asiye chiKristu. Zvinonzi akadzidziswa nevaapostora uye vamwe vaiziva Jesu. Aitaura zvaibva muBhaibheri uye zvinoita sokuti aiedza kurarama maererano nedzidziso dzechiKristu.

Zvisinei, kuzvipira kwakanga kwakaita vamwe kuna Polycarp kwaiva kwakafanana nokumunamata. Bhuku rinonzi Martyrdom of Polycarp rinoti pashure pokunge afa, “vakatendeka” vaida zvikuru kutora mapfupa ake. Vaiona mapfupa ake seaikosha “kupfuura matombo anokosha zvikuru, uye akanatswa kupfuura ndarama.” Zviri pachena kuti dzidziso dzenhema dzakanga dzichiwedzera.

Magwaro eApokirifa

Vamwe Vanyori Vokutanga Vedzidziso DzechiKristu vaigamuchira mabhuku eApokirifa sokunge kuti akanga akafuridzirwa. Kana ari Clement wokuRoma, anotaura nezvemabhuku eApokirifa anoti Ungwaru uye Judhisi. Munyori weThe Epistle of Polycarp anotaura nezvebhuku raTobhiti kuti atsigire pfungwa yokuti kupa zvipo kunoita kuti anopa wacho aponese upenyu hwake.

Muzana remakore rechipiri C.E., evhangeri dzenhema dzakaparadzira nhoroondo dzenhema dzeupenyu hwaJesu, uye Vanyori Vokutanga Vedzidziso DzechiKristu vakadzigamuchira uye vaiwanzodzishandisa. Somuenzaniso, Ignatius aitora mashoko ake kubva mubhuku rainzi Gospel of the Hebrews. Richitaura nezvaClement, rimwe bhuku rinoti: “Clement aiita seaiziva Kristu, kwete kuburikidza neEvhangeri, asi nemabhuku asiri eBhaibheri.”

Kuwedzera Kwedzidziso Dzenhema

Nokushandisa ngano, pfungwa dzezvemidzimu uye uzivi kuti vatsanangure chiKristu, varume ava vakaita kuti dzidziso dzenhema dziwedzere. Somuenzaniso, Clement, akataura nezvengano yeimwe shiri seuchapupu hwokuti kune rumuko. Shiri iyi, inonzi yaimuka kubva mumadota ayo, yaiva nechokuita nokunamata zuva maererano nengano dzevaIjipiti.

Mumwe munyori akarerutsa chokwadi chomuMagwaro ndiye akanyora tsamba inonzi Epistle of Barnabas. Akatsanangura Mutemo waMosesi sokunge kuti yaingova nganowo zvayo. Aiti mhuka dzakachena—dzinodzeya uye dzine mahwanda akaparadzana—dzaimiririra vanhu vaifungisisa, kana kuti vanodzeya Shoko raMwari. Munyori wacho akati mahwanda akaparadzana anoreva kuti vanhu vakarurama “vanofamba panyika ino” panguva imwe chete vachitarisira kuzorarama kudenga. Pfungwa idzi hadzibvi muMagwaro.—Revhitiko 11:1-3.

Uchapupu hwoMuapostora Johani

Muzana remakore rokutanga muapostora Johani akanyevera kuti: “Vadiwa, musatenda kutaura kwose kwakafuridzirwa, asi edzai kutaura kwakafuridzirwa kuti muone kana kuchibva kuna Mwari, nokuti vaprofita venhema vazhinji vakaoneka munyika.” (1 Johani 4:1) Chokwadi mashoko iwayo akanga akakodzera zvikuru!

Pakupera kwezana remakore rokutanga, vazhinji vainzi vaKristu vakanga vatosiya dzidziso dzaJesu nevaapostora vake. Pane kuti vaite kuti kutsauka pakutenda kusawedzera Vanyori Vokutanga Vedzidziso DzechiKristu vakatokutsigira. Vakasanganisa chokwadi nedzidziso dzenhema. Nezvevanhu vakadaro muapostora Johani akati: “Munhu wose anomhanyira mberi asingarambi ari mudzidziso yaKristu haasi pamwe naMwari.” (2 Johani 9) Kune vose vanotsvaga chokwadi chemuMagwaro, nyevero iyi yakafuridzirwa naMwari yakanga yakanyatsojeka uye inoramba yakadaro.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 29]

Vamwe Vanyori Vokutanga Vedzidziso DzechiKristu, kusanganisira Clement, vakataura nezvengano, pfungwa dzezvemidzimu, uye uzivi mumabhuku avo

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]

Polycarp aida kufira kutenda

[Credit Line]

The Granger Collection, New York