Ibvumirano Pakati pe“Temberi yaMwari” Nezvidhori muGreece Here?

PAIRI zuva rinopisa zvikuru rezhizha, zuva riri kurova pamatombo anopenya. Kupisa kwacho kwakanyanya, zvisinei, hakuratidziki kuva kunoderedza shingairo nekutsunga kukuru kwevanoenda kunzvimbo tsvene vanoshingaira veGreek Orthodox avo vanoenda kukamuri rokunamatira pamusoro pegomo.

Unoona chembere yaneta, iyo yafamba kubva kurumwe rutivi rwenyika, ichitamburira kuramba ichifamba kunyange zvazvo yaneta. Pamusoro zvishoma, murume anodisa ari kudikitira zvikuru sezvo anoedza nokudisa kupinda nepakati peboka riri kusaidzirana. Uye musikana muduku, sezvinooneka ari kurwadziwa uye ane kutaridzika kwekunetseka pachiso chake, anokambaira nemabvi ake ari kubuda ropa zvikuru. Vavariro yacho? Kusvika nenguva, kunyengetera pamberi uye, kana zvichibvira, kubata ndokutsvoda chifananidzo che“musande” akakurumbira.

Zviono zvakafanana neichi zvinodzokororwa munyika yose panzvimbo dzakatsaurirwa kukunamatwa kwe“vasande.” Sezviri pachena, ava vose vanoenda kunzvimbo tsvene vanopwiswa kuti muiyi nzira vari kutevera nzira yaMwari yokumusvika nayo, nokudaro vachiratidzira kuzvipira kwavo nokutenda. Bhuku rinonzi Our Orthodox Christian Faith rinoti: “Tinorangarira [“vasande”], uye tinopa mbiri norukudzo kuunhu hwavo hunoyera . . . , uye tinokumbira minyengetero yavo pamberi paMwari nokuda kwedu uye mikumbiro yavo neyamuro muzvinodikanwa zvakawanda zvoupenyu hwedu. . . . Tinoenda kuVasande vanoita zvishamiso . . . nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvedu zvomudzimu nezvomuviri.” Uyewo, maererano nendaza dzemanyoro matsvene dzesangano revatungamiri reChechi yeRoma Katurike, “vasande” vanofanira kukumbirwa sevarevereri naMwari, uye zvose zviri zviviri zvisaririra nezvifananidzo zve“vasande” zvinofanira kunamatwa.

Itiro hanya yokutanga yemuKristu wepachokwadi inofanira kuva yekunamata Mwari “mumweya nezvokwadi.” (Johane 4:24) Nokuda kweichi chikonzero ngatirangarirei mamwe maidi pamusoro penzira iyo kunamatwa kwe“vasande” kwakatangwa nayo serutivi rwemiitiro yerudzidziso yechiKristudhomu. Kunzvera kwakadaro kunofanira kuva kunopa nzwisiso zvikuru kumunhu wose anoshuva kusvika Mwari munzira inogamuchirika kwaAri.

Kugamuchirwa Kwakaitwa “Vasande”

Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki anodana se“vatsvene,” kana kuti “vasande,” vaKristu vaye vose vepakuvamba vakacheneswa neropa raKristu uye vakatsaurwa nokuda kwebasa raMwari sevadyi venhaka vanokarirwa pamwe naKristu. (Mabasa 9:32; 2 VaKorinte 1:1; 13:13)a Varume nevakadzi, vakakurumbira nevakaderera muungano, vose vakarondedzerwa se“vatsvene” apo vakanga vachirarama pasi pano. Kuzivikanwa kwavo kwokuva vasande muMagwaro sezvinooneka hakuna kuregwa kutozosvikira pashure pokunge vafa.

Pashure pezana remakore rechipiri C.E., kunyange zvakadaro, apo chiKristu chakaramba kutenda chakanga chichikura, chinangwa chakanga chiri chokuedza kuita kuti chiKristu chikurumbire, rudzidziso rwaizofadza vanhu vechihedheni uye rwaizogamuchirika zviri nyore kwavari. Ava vahedheni vainamata vamwari vakawanda, uye rudzidziso rutsva rwakanga rwuri rwamwari mumwe chose chose. Naizvozvo bvumirano pane zvisina kufanira yaizobvira kupfurikidza nokugamuchirwa kwe“vasande,” avo vaizotora nzvimbo yavamwari vekare, vakafanana namwari, uye magamba emungano. Richitsinhira pana ikoku, bhuku rinonzi Ekklisiastiki Istoria (Nhau Yevafundisi) rinoti: “Nokuda kweavo vaitendeutswa vachibva kuchihedheni kuenda kuchiKristu, kwakanga kuri nyore kuziva magamba avo akasiyiwa muvakafira kutendeka uye kutanga kuvapa rukudzo rwavaipa kare kuvekare. . . . Kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru, zvisinei, kupa rukudzo rwakadaro kuvasande kwakava kunamata zvidhori chaikoiko.”

Rimwe bhuku renongedzero rinotsanangura kugamuchirwa kwakaita “vasande” muchiKristudhomu: “Mukupiwa kwerukudzo kuvasande veChechi yeGreek Orthodox, tinowana ufakazi huri pachena hwepesvedzero yakasimba yakanga ine rudzidziso rwechihedheni. Mavara ainzi ndeanavamwari veOlympia [vanhu] vasati vatendeutsirwa kuchiKristu zvino akanzi ndeevasande. . . . Kubva mumakore epakuvamba erudzidziso rutsva, tinoona vatsigiri varwo vachitsiva mwari wezuva (Phoebus Apollo) neMuporofita Eria, vachivaka machechi pamatongo etemberi dzekare, kana kuti nzvimbo dzinoyera dzeuyu mwari, zvikurukuru pamusoro pezvikomo nemakomo, panzvimbo iri yose iyo vaGiriki vekare vaikudza mupi wechiedza Phoebus Apollo. . . . Vakatofananidza Mhandara mwarikadzi Athena neMhandara Maria amene. Nokudaro, mukaha wakaitwa apo chidhori Athena chakaputsirwa pasi wakabviswa mumweya wemunamati wezvidhori akatendeutswa.”—Neoteron Enkyklopaidikon Lexikon (New Encyclopedic Dictionary), Vhoriyamu 1, peji 270-1.

Nzvera, somuenzaniso, mamiriro ezvinhu aivapo muAthens mumakore ekare sokupera kwezana remakore rechina C.E. Vazhinjisa vevagari veguta iroro vakanga vachiri vahedheni. Imwe yetsika yavo yaiyera zvikurusa yakanga iri zvakavanzika zveEleusinia, chiitiko chaiitwa kaviri,b zvaiitwa gore negore muna February mutaundi reEleusis, makiromita 23 kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAthens. Kuti vapinde izvi zvakavanzika, vaAthens vechihedheni vaifanira kutevera Nzira Inoyera (Hi·e·raʹ Ho·dosʹ). Vachiedza kugovera imwe nzvimbo yekunamatira, vatungamiriri veguta racho vakabvumikisa kuva vakangwara zvikuru. Mumugwagwa mumwe chetewo, anenge makiromita gumi kubva muAthens, imba yemamongi yeDaphni yakavakwa kuti ikwezve vahedheni uye kuvadzivisa kupinda zvakavanzika zvacho. Chechi yeimba yemamongi yakavakirwa pafandesheni yetemberi yekare yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari wechiGiriki Daphnaios, kana kuti Pithios Apollo.

Ufakazi hwekubatanidzwa kwevamwari vechihedheni mukunamatwa kwe“vasande” hunogona kuwanwawo pachitsuwa cheKithira, Greece. Paimwe yenzvimbo dzakakwirira zvikuru dzechitsuwa chacho, pane makamuri maviri eByzantine okunamatira—rimwe rawo rakatsaurirwa kuna George “Musande,” rimwe racho kuna Maria Mhandara. Kuchera kwakaratidza kuti iyi yakanga iri nzvimbo inoyera yakakwirira zvikuru yenguva yeBronze Age yakabatira senzvimbo yekunamatira anodokusvika makore 3 500 akapfuura. Mukati mezana remakore rechitanhatu kana kuti rechinomwe C.E., “vaKristu” vakavakira kamuri ravo rokunamatira George “Musande” panzvimbo chaiyoiyo inoyera yakakwirira zvikuru. Chiito chacho chakanga chiri chokufananidzira zvikuru; nzvimbo iyoyo yakabudirira zvikurusa yerudzidziso rweBronze Age yaidzora nzira dzegungwa dzeGungwa reAegean. Chechi mbiri dzakavakwa ipapo kuti dziunze fariro yaMai Wedu naGeorge “Musande,” wechipiri achiva anopembererwa pazuva rimwe chetero nere“mudziviriri wevashandi vomugungwa,” Nicholas “Musande.” Pepanhau raishuma pamusoro pouku kuwana rakati: “Nhasi muprisita [weGreek Orthodox] achakwira gomo, sezvaizoita muprisita weBronze Age munguva dzekare,” kuti aite mabasa orudzidziso!

Achipfupikisa ukuru hwokupesvedzerwa kwechiKristu chakaramba kutenda nerudzidziso rwechihedheni rwechiGiriki, munzveri wenhau anoonesa kuti: “Nheyo dzechihedheni dzerudzidziso rwechiKristu kazhinji kazhinji dzichiri dzisina kuchinja muzvitendero zvakakurumbira, nokudaro kuchipupurira kukusaguma kwegamuchidzanwa.”

‘Kunamata Chatinoziva’

Jesu akati kumukadzi weSamaria: “Tinonamata chatinoziva. . . . Vanonamata nezvokwadi vachanamata Baba mumweya nezvokwadi; nokuti Baba vanotsvaka vakadaro kuzomunamata.” (Johane 4:22, 23) Cherekedza kuti kunamata nechokwadi kunokosha! Naizvozvo hakubviri kunamata Mwari zvinogamuchirika pasina zivo yakarurama nerudo rukuru nokuda kwechokwadi. Rudzidziso rwechiKristu chechokwadi runofanira kuvakirwa pachokwadi, kwete pamagamuchidzanwa nemiitiro zvinotorwa zvichibva kuchihedheni. Tinoziva manzwire anoita Jehovha apo vanhu vanoedza kumunamata nenzira isina kururama. Muapostora Pauro akanyorera kuvaKristu muguta rekare reGirisi reKorinte kuti: “Kristu unganzwana seiko naBheriari? Unotenda ungava nomugove weiko nousingatendi? Temberi yaMwari ingatenderana seiko nezvifananidzo?” (2 VaKorinte 6:15, 16) Kuedza kupi nokupi kwokutsinhiranisa temberi yaMwari nezvidhori kunomunyangadza zvikuru.

Kupfuurirazve, munzira yakajeka zvikuru, Magwaro haabvumidzi pfungwa yokunyengetera ku“vasande” kuitira kuti vashande sevarevereri naMwari. Mumunyengetero wake womuenzaniso, Jesu akadzidzisa kuti minyengetero inofanira kutaurwa kuna Baba bedzi, sezvo akarayira vadzidzi vake kuti: “Zvino imi nyengeterai kudai: Baba vedu vari kudenga, zita renyu ngarikudzwe noutsvene.” (Mateo 6:9) Jesu zvakare akati: “Ndini nzira, nezvokwadi, noupenyu; hapana munhu unouya kuna Baba, asi nokwandiri. Kana muchikumbira chinhu kwandiri muzita rangu, ndichaiita.” Uye muapostora Pauro akati: “Nokuti kunongova naMwari mumwe chete, noMurevereri mumwe chetewo, pakati paMwari navanhu, ndiye munhu Kristu Jesu.”—Johane 14:6, 14; 1 Timotio 2:5.

Kana tichida zvirokwazvo kuti minyengetero yedu inzwiwe naMwari, kunokosha kuti timusvike nenzira inorayira Shoko rake. Achisimbisa nzira bedzi yokusvika Jehovha, Pauro akanyorawo kuti: “Kristu Jesu ndiye wakafa, zvikuru ndiye wakamutswa kubva kuvakafa, uri kurudyi rwaMwari, unotinyengetererawo.” “Naizvozvo une simba rokuponesa kwazvo-kwazvo avo vanoswedera kuna Mwari naye, zvaanorarama nokusingaperi kuti avareverere.”—VaRoma 8:34; VaHebheru 7:25.

‘Kunamata Nemudzimu Nechokwadi’

ChiKristu chakaramba kutenda chakanga chisina simba romudzimu kana kuti zvimwe tsigiro yemudzimu mutsvene waMwari kuti chisunde vahedheni kuti vasiye kunamata kwavo kwenhema ndokutevera dzidziso dzechokwadi dzaJesu Kristu. Chakapinza zvitendero zvechihedheni nemiitiro mukutsvaka kwacho vatendeuki, simba, uye mukurumbira. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero chakabudisa, kwete vaKristu vakasimba, vanogamuchirika kuna Mwari naKristu, asi vatendi vokunyepedzera, “mashawi” asina kukodzera Umambo.—Mateo 13:24-30.

Mukati meiyi nguva yomugumo, zvisinei, munhungamiro yaJehovha kune mibato inokosha mukudzorera kunamata kwechokwadi. Vanhu vaJehovha munyika yose, pasinei zvapo nemamiriro avo ezvinhu etsika, enzanga, kana kuti erudzidziso, vanoedza kuwiriranisa upenyu hwavo nezvitendero nemipimo yeBhaibheri. Kana uchida kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekunamata Mwari “nemweya nechokwadi,” tapota onana neZvapupu zvaJehovha kwaunogara. Zvichafara zvikuru kukubetsera kupa basa rinogamuchirika rinoyera kuna Mwari, rakavakirwa pasimba rako rokufunga uye zivo yakarurama yeShoko rake. Pauro akanyora kuti: “Ndinokumbira zvikuru kwamuri, hama dzangu, netsitsi dzaMwari, kuti muise miviri yenyu, chive chibayiro chipenyu, chitsvene, chinofadza Mwari, ndiko kunamata kwenyu kwomwoyo. Musaenzaniswa nenyika ino; asi mushandurwe murangariro wenyu uchivandudzwa, kuti muidze muzive kuda kwaMwari kwakanaka, kunofadza, kwakakwana.” Uye kuvaKorose akati: “Saka nesuwo, kubvira pazuva ratakanzwa, hatiregi kukunyengetererai, nokukumbira kuti muzadziswe nokuziva kwazvo kuda kwake, pakuchenjera nokunzwisisa kwose kwomweya; kuti mufambe sezvinofanira Ishe, muchimufadza pazvose, muchibereka zvibereko pamabasa ose akanaka, muchikura pakuziva Mwari kwazvo.”—VaRoma 12:1, 2; VaKorose 1:9, 10.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]

Kushandiswa Kusingabviri kweParthenon

Mambo Theodosius II we“chiKristu,” nemirayiro ine chokuita neguta reAthens (438 C.E.), akarambidza miitiro yechihedheni nezvakavanzika, akapfiga temberi dzechihedheni. Pashure paikoko dzaigona kuchinjwa kuva machechi echiKristu. Chaidikanwa bedzi nokuda kwokuchinjwa kunobudirira kwetemberi chakanga chiri kuichenesa kupfurikidza nokuisa chipiyaniso mairi!

Imwe yetemberi dzakatanga kuchinjwa yakanga iri Parthenon. Kunatswa kukuru kwakaitwa kuita kuti Parthenon ive yakakodzera zvakafanira nokuda kwekushandisa setemberi ye“chiKristu.” Kubva muna 869 C.E., yakabatira sechechi huru yeAthens. Pakuvamba yakakudzwa sechechi ye“Uchenjeri Hutsvene.” Ichi chaigona kuva chakanga chiri chiyeuchidzo chine chinangwa cheidi rokuti “muridzi” wepakuvamba wetemberi yacho, Athena, akanga ari mwarikadzi weuchenjeri. Gare gare yakatsaurirwa kuna “Amai Vedu Athenian.” Pashure pemazana masere ekushandiswa neOrthodox, temberi yacho yakachinjwa kuva chechi yeKaturike yaSt. Mary weAthens. “Kushandiswazve” kwakadaro kwerudzidziso kweParthenon kwakapfuurira apo, muzana remakore rechi15, vaOttoman veTurkey vakaichinja kuva chivako chekunamatira chevaMuslim.

Nhasi Parthenon, temberi yakare yevaDorius Athena Parthenos (“Mhandara”), mwarikadzi wechiGiriki weuchenjeri, inoshanyirwa nezviuru zvevashanyi sebasawo zvaro rakaisvonaka reruzivo rwokuvaka rwechiGiriki.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 26]

Imba yemamongi yeDaphni—imwe nzvimbo yekunamatira yevahedheni veAthens yekare