Mavambo Okusadavira Kuvapo kwaMwari

TINOGARA munyika yakazadzwa nenjodzi; kuringa kwechinguvana misoro yamapepanhau kunosimbisa idi iroro zuva rimwe nerimwe. Mamirire ezvinhu enyika yedu okupererwa nezano akaparira vakawanda kupokana kuvapo kwaMwari. Vamwe, vachitaura kuva vasingadaviri kuvapo kwaMwari, vanotoramba kuvapo kwake. Ikoko ndokwechokwadi nezvako here?

Kudavira kana kuti kusadavira Mwari kunogona kutapura zvikuru murangariro wako panguva yemberi. Pasina Mwari, kupukunyuka kwedzinza romunhu kunodzorwa chose chose nomunhu—mufungo usingafadzi, tichirangarira simba romunhu rinoparadza. Kana uchidavira kuti Mwari aripo, ipapo sezvingabvira unobvuma kuti upenyu papasi rino hune chinangwa—chinangwa chingazadzikwa pakupedzisira.

Kunyange zvazvo kurambwa kwokuvapo kwaMwari kwave kuri kwapanhambo nenhambo munhau yose, kukurumbira kwokusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari kwakapararira bedzi mumazana amakore achangobva kupfuura. Unoziva chikonzero nei here?

Kuona Mavambo Acho

Muti murefu chiono chinoorora. Bva, ziso rinongoona zvaro mashizha, matavi, uye hunde. Midzi—manyuko oupenyu hwomuti—yakavanzwa muvhu.

Ndikumwe cheteko zvikuru nokusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari. Kufanana nomuti murefu, kurambwa kwokuvapo kwaMwari kwakakura kusvikira kuukuru hunoorora pakasvika zana ramakore rechi 19. Upenyu nechisiko chose zvaigona kuvapo here pasina Musiki anopfuura womuzvarirwo? Kunamatwa kwoMusiki akadaro kupambadzwa kwenguva here? Mhinduro dzakabva kuvazivi vakuru vezuva racho dzakanga dzichinzwika uye dzakajeka. “Sezvo tisati tichadazve bumbiro remitemo retsika, hatidiwo rudzidziso,” akazivisa kudaro Friedrich Nietzsche. “Rudzidziso chiroto chendangariro yomunhu,” akadaro Ludwig Feuerbach. Uye Karl Marx, ane manyoro aizova nepesvedzero huru mumakumi amakore akatevera, akati noushingi: “Ndinoda kuwedzera rusununguko rwendangariro nokubva mungetani dzorudzidziso.”

Vakawanda vakaororwa. Izvo vakaona, zvisinei, zvakanga zvichingova hazvo mashizha, mapazu, uye hunde yokusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari. Mavambo aivapo uye aikura kare kare zana ramakore rechi 19 risati ravamba. Nenzira inoshamisa, kukura kwazvino uno kwokusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari kwakatsigirwa namarudzidziso echiKristudhomu! Seiko? Nemhaka youshati hwawo, aya masangano orudzidziso akaparira kuora mwoyo kukuru nokunyunyuta.

Mbeu Dzinodyarwa

Mukati meMiddle Ages, Chechi yeKaturike yaiva nesimba pavadzorwi vayo. “Boka rinotonga ravafundisi rairatidzika kuva rakashongedzwa zvakaipa kuti ritarisire zvinodikanwa zvomudzimu zvavanhu,” inodaro The Encyclopedia Americana. “Vafundisi vakuru, zvikurukuru vabhishopi, vaitorwa muvakuru vakuru ndokuona nzvimbo yavo zvikurukuru samanyuko omukurumbira nesimba.”

Vamwe, vakadai saJohn Calvin naMartin Luther, vakaedza kuchinja chechi. Mitoo yavo, zvisinei, nguva dzose yakanga isiri yakafanana neyaKristu; kusashivira nechishava zvakaratidzira Kuchinja. (Enzanisa naMateo 26:52.) Dzimwe denho dzaityisa kwazvo zvokuti mazana amakore matatu gare gare Thomas Jefferson, purezidhendi wechitatu weUnited States, akanyora, kuti: “Kusatongodavira Mwari kwaizova kunoregererwa zvikuru, kupfuura kumutuka kupfurikidza namavara anotyisa aCalvin.”a

Nenzira yakajeka, Kuchinja hakuna kudzorera kunamata kwakachena. Bva, kwakaderedza simba reChechi yeKaturike. Vatican yakanga isichirizve noudzori hwakakwana pakutenda kworudzidziso. Vakawanda vakakumbanira masekete akanga achangobva kuumbwa ePurotesitendi. Vamwe, vaodzwa mwoyo norudzidziso, vakaita ndangariro yomunhu chinonamatwa chavo. Chimiro chendangariro chomurangariro wakasununguka chakatevera, chichibvumira mirangariro yakasiyana-siyana pamusoro paMwari.

Kupokana Kunokura

Pakasvika zana ramakore rechi 18, kufunga kuno mufungo kwakawanzorumbidzwa somushonga wezvinetso zvenyika. Muzivi weGermany Immanuel Kant akataura kuti fambiro mberi yomunhu yaidziviswa nokutsamira kwake pamatongerwe enyika norudzidziso nokuda kwenhungamiro. “Tsungai kuziva!” iye akakurudzira kudaro. “Ivai noushingi hwokushandisa ungwaru hwenyu mumene!”

Ichi chimiro chendangariro chakaratidzira Nhambo Yokurangarira, inozivikanwawo seNguva Yokurangarira. Ichipfuura nomuzana ramakore rechi 18, iyi nhambo yakaratidzirwa nokutsvakwa kwokunyanyisa kwezivo. “Kupokana kwakatsiva kutenda kusingapokani,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi Milestones of History. “Magamuchidzanwa ose ekare akapokanwa.”

Rimwe ‘gamuchidzanwa rekare’ rakanzverwa rakanga riri rudzidziso. “Vanhu vakachinja murangariro wavo parudzidziso,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi The Universal History of the World. “Ivo vakanga vasati vachagutswa nechipikirwa chetuso mudenga; ivo vakanga vachirayira upenyu huri nani pasi pano. Ivo vakavamba kurasikirwa nokutenda kwavo muzvinopfuura zvomuzvarirwo.” Zvirokwazvo, vazivi vakawanda zvikurusa veNhambo Yokurangarira vaizvidza rudzidziso. Zvikurukuru, ivo vaishora vatungamiriri vaida simba veChechi yeKaturike nokuda kwokuchengeta vanhu vasingazivi.

Vasingagutswi norudzidziso, vakawanda vaava vazivi vakava vanodavira Mwari; vaidavira Mwari asi vaitaura kuti akanga asingafariri munhu.b Vashomanene vakava vasingadaviri kuvapo kwaMwari vanotaura pachena, vakadai somuzivi Paul Henri Thiry Holbach, uyo akataura kuti rudzidziso rwakanga rwuri “manyuko amapoka, upengo, uye utsotsi.” Sezvo makore akapfuura, vakawanda zvikuru vakaneta nechiKristudhomu ndokubvumirana nemirangariro yaHolbach.

Kunosetsa sei kuti chiKristudhomu chakanyandura kukura kwokusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari! “Chechi dzakanga dziri manyuko okusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari,” anonyora kudaro purofesa wezvoumwari Michael J. Buckley. “Hana yokuMadokero yakazviwana imene yaipiswa zvikuru ndokusemburwa namarudzidziso okureurura. Chechi namasekete zvakanga zvaparadza Europe, zvaparira kuurawa kwavakawandawanda, zvarayira kudzivisa rudzidziso kana kuti kumukira, zvaedza kudzinga kana kuti kugadzanura madzimambo.”

Kusadavira KuvapokwaMwari Kunokura Zvikuru

Pakasvika zana ramakore rechi 19, kurambwa kwaMwari kwakanga kwava pachena uye kuchikura. Vazivi navasayendisiti vakanga vasina hana dzinonetsa pamusoro pokuzivisa noushingi mirangariro yavo. “Muvengi wedu ndiMwari,” akazivisa kudaro mumwe asingadaviri kuvapo kwaMwari anotaura pachena. “Kuvenga Mwari ndiwo mavambo ouchenjeri. Kana rudzi rwomunhu rwuchizoita fambiro mberi yechokwadi, kunofanira kuva pahwaro hwokusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari.

Zvisinei, chinjo yamanomano yakaitika mukati mezana ramakore rechi 20. Kurambwa kwaMwari kwakava kunorwisa zvishomanene; rudzi rwakasiyana rwokusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari rwakavamba kupararira, ruchitapura kunyange avo vanoti vanotenda Mwari.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]

Karl Marx

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]

Ludwig Feuerbach

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]

Friedrich Nietzsche

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 2]

BUTIRO: Pasi: Nemvumo yeBritish Library; Nietzsche: Copyright British Museum (onawo peji 3); Calvin: Musée Historique de la Réformation, Genève (Foto F. Martin); Marx: Foto yeU.S. National Archives (onawo peji 3); Nyika dzomudenga, zvokushandisa, varwi vechiKristu, michina: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck; Feuerbach: Bettmann Archive (onawo peji 3)