Kushandiswa Nokushandiswa Zvisakafanira Kwemifananidzo Yorudzidziso

CHIONO chacho chiri muSt. Petersburg, Russia. Musi wacho ndiAugust 2, 1914. Vanhu vanofara vanovheyesa mifananidzo vaungana paimba yomutongi. Atari yavakwa pakati pehoro huru. Mufananidzo womumwe mukadzi ane mwana mumaoko make unomira paatari. Uyu mufananidzo unonzi “Vladimir Amai vaMwari.” Mapoka anourangarira sepfuma tsvene zvikurusa muRussia.

Kutaura idi, mufananidzo wacho unodavirwa kuti unoita manenji. Muna 1812, apo hondo dzeRussia dzakarwisana naNapoléon, Mutungamiri wehondo Kutuzov akanyengetera pamberi pawo. Zvino, pashure pokuendesa nyika yake kuhondo, Mutongi Nicholas II anomira pamberi pawo. Noruoko rwake rworudyi rwakamiswa, iye anoita mhiko: “Ndinopika zvakakomba kuti handisati ndichizotongoita rugare chero bedzi muvengi mumwe achiramba ari pavhu reRussia.”

Mavhiki maviri gare gare mutongi anoita rwendo rutsvene kuMoscow kundotsvaka chikomborero chaMwari pamauto ake. MuCathedral of the Assumption, iye anopfugama uye anonyengetera pamberi pechidzitiro chikuru chamabwe anokosha chine mifananidzo—chidzitiro chine mifananidzo yaJesu, Maria, ngirozi, uye “vasande.”

Aya mabasa orudzidziso akakundikana kudzivisa ngwavaira. Mumakore asingasviki mana, hondo dzeRussia dzakatambura vakaurawa navakakuvadzwa vanopfuura mamirioni matanhatu uye dzakarasikirwa nendima huru. Uyezve, mutongi, mambokadzi wake, uye vana vavo vashanu vakapondwa noutsinye. Panzvimbo poumambo hwagara mazana makore, nyika yacho yakavamba kutongwa nehurumende yokumukira yaishora rudzidziso. Chivimbo choMutongi Nicholas mumifananidzo chakabvumikisa kuva chisina maturo.

Bva, kusvikira kuzuva rino muRussia nedzimwe nyika, mamirioni anopfuurira kunamata mifananidzo. Ikoku kunomutsa mibvunzo inokosha. Mwari anorangarira sei mabasa okuzvipira anoitwa pamberi pemifananidzo yakadaro? Uye zvakadiniko nezvetsika yokuzviturika pamadziro emisha?

Chii Chinotaura Bhaibheri?

Apo Jesu akanga ari pasi pano, aiteerera Mutemo waMwari wakapiwa kupfurikidza naMosesi. Iwoyu wakabatanidza wechipiri weinonzi Mirairo Gumi, uyo unoti: “Usazviitira mufananidzo wakavezwa, kana uri mufananidzo wechinhu chiri kudenga kumusoro, kana wechiri panyika pasi, kana wechiri mumvura pasi penyika. Usapfugamira izvozvo, kana kuzvishumira; nokuti ini Jehovha, Mwari wako, ndiri Mwari une godo.”—Eksodho 20:4, 5.

Naizvozvo, Jesu haana kunamata Mwari neyamuro yemifanikiso kana kuti mifananidzo yakaitwa namaoko avanhu. Panzvimbo pezvo, kunamata kwake kwakanga kuri mutsinhirano neziviso yaBaba vake: “Ndini Jehovha, ndiro zita rangu; kukudzwa kwangu handingakupi mumwe, kana kurumbidzwa kwangu kumifananidzo yakavezwa.”—Isaya 42:8.

Uyezve, Jesu akatsanangura chikonzero nei Mwari achifanira kunamatwa pasina yamuro yezvinhu zvokunyama. “Nguva iri kuuya,” iye akadaro, “apo vanamati vechokwadi vachanamata Baba nomudzimu nezvokwadi, nokuti, zvamazvirokwazvo, Baba vanotsvaka vakadaro kuti vamunamate. Mwari Mudzimu, uye avo vanomunamata vanofanira kunamata nomudzimu nezvokwadi.”—Johane 4:23, 24, NW.

Kufanana naJesu, vadzidzi vake vechokwadi vakadzidzisa vamwe nzira yakarurama yokunamata nayo. Somuenzaniso, muapostora Pauro akambotaura kuboka ravazivi vechiGiriki avo vaishandisa zvidhori kunamata vamwari vavo vasingaoneki. Iye akavaudza pamusoro poMusiki womunhu ndokuti: “Hatifaniri kuti uMwari hwakafanana nendarama, kana sirvheri, kana ibwe, zvakavezwa noumhizha kana kuchenjera kwomunhu.” Gare gare, muapostora mumwe cheteyu akatsanangura kuti maKristu “anofamba nokutenda, kwete nokuona” uye kuti maKristu anofanira ku“tiza kunamata zvidhori.”—Mabasa 17:16-31; 2 VaKorinte 5:7; 1 VaKorinte 10:14.

Chinoitika muupenyu hwomuapostora Petro chinoratidza kuti iye aikurumidza kururamisa chiito chipi nechipi chingatungamirira kukunamata chidhori. Apo mukuru mukuru wehondo weRoma Kornerio akawira patsoka dzake, Petro akaramba. Iye akasimudza Kornerio, achiti: “Simuka, neni ndiri munhuwo.”—Mabasa 10:26.

Kana ari muapostora Johane, akatyiswa kwazvo nezviono zvoumwari zvokuti akawira patsoka dzengirozi. “[Unangwarira, NW]!” ngirozi yakapa zano kudaro. “Rega kudaro; neni ndiri muranda pamwe chete newe, nehama dzako, vaporofita, navanochengeta mashoko ebhuku iyi; namata Mwari.” (Zvakazarurwa 22:8, 9) Muapostora wacho akaonga iri zano. Norudo, iye akanyora chinoitika chacho nokuda kwebetserwo yedu.

Asi zvinoitika zviri pamusoro apa zvine chokuita sei nokushandiswa kwemifananidzo yorudzidziso? Eya, kana kwakanga kwakaipa kuti Kornerio akotame kumumwe wavaapostora vaKristu, zvakadiniko nokunamatwa kwemifananidzo isina upenyu ya“vasande”? Uye kana kwakanga kwakaipa kuti mumwe wavaapostora vaKristu azvizvambaradze amene pamberi pengirozi mhenyu, ipapo zvakadiniko nokunamatwa kwemifananidzo isina upenyu yengirozi? Zvirokwazvo, mabasa akadaro anopesana nenyevero yaJohane: “Vana vaduku, zvidzivirirei mumene pazvidhori.”—1 Johane 5:21, NW.

Seyamuro Dzorudzidziso Dzokushonga

Ikoku hakusati kuchireva kuti kungova chete nomufananidzo wechiono chakati cheBhaibheri kunamata zvidhori. Magazini ino inoshandisa zvakanaka mifananidzo yezvinoitika zveBhaibheri seyamuro dzokudzidzisa. Uyewo, zviono zvezvinoitika zveBhaibheri zvinogona kushandiswa kushongedza madziro edzimba nezvivako. Bva, muKristu wechokwadi haasati aizoda kuratidzira mufananidzo uyo unozivikanwa kuva unonamatwa navamwe, uyewo haasati aizoturika pamadziro ake mufananidzo unokwenengera Bhaibheri.—VaRoma 14:13.

Mizhinjisa yemifananidzo yechiKristudhomu inoratidzira denderedzwa rechiedza pamisoro waJesu, Maria, ngirozi, uye “vasande.” Irori rinonzi halo. Halo yakavamba kupi? “Mavambo ayo akanga asiri echiKristu,” inobvuma kudaro The Catholic Encyclopedia (chinyorwa cha 1987), “nokuti yaishandiswa navanyori vemifananidzo vechihedheni navavezi kumirira muchiratidzo chiremera chikuru nesimba zvavamwari vakasiana-siana.” Kupfuurirazve, bhuku rinonzi The Christians, rakanyorwa naBamber Gascoigne, rine mufananidzo wakawanwa muCapitoline Museum muRoma wamwari-zuva nehalo. Uyu mwari ainamatwa navaRoma vechihedheni. Gare gare, anotsanangura kudaro Gascoigne, “halo wezuva” aka“torwa nechiKristu.” Hungu, halo yakabatanidzwa nokunamata zuva kwechihedheni.

Ko mifananidzo inovhenganisa zvinoitika zveBhaibheri nezviratidziro zvokunamata zvidhori kwechihedheni yakakodzera kuturikwa pamadziro omusha wechiKristu here? Aiwa. Bhaibheri rinopa zano, richiti: “Tembere yaMwari ingatenderana seiko nezvifananidzo? . . . ‘“Saka budai pakati pavo, muzviraure,” ndizvo zvinotaura [Jehovha, NW], “musabata chinhu chine tsvina”; “ini ndichakugamuchirai.”’”—2 VaKorinte 6:16, 17.

Sezvo nguva yakapfuura, vaiti maKristu vakavamba kufuratira zano rakadaro. Kuwa pakutenda kwakatanga, sezvakanga zvadeya kutaurwa naJesu navaapostora vake. (Mateo 24:24; Mabasa 20:29, 30; 2 Petro 2:1) Pakuvamba muzana ramakore rechina N.V., mambo weRoma Constantine akaita chiKristu chakawa pakutenda rudzidziso rweHurumende. Zvino vahedheni vakavamba kuzvizivisa vamene “maKristu.” Muitiro wavose pakati pavo waiva kunamatwa kwemifananidzo yamambo. Ivo vaisiturikawo mifananidzo yavakare vavo navamwe vanhu vakakurumbira. “Mukuwirirana netsika yamambo,” anotsanangura kudaro John Taylor mubhuku rake Icon Painting, “vanhu vainamata mufananidzo wake wakanyorwa patende nemiti, uye kuvambira panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi kunamatwa kwemifananidzo kwaiva nhano duku.” Nokudaro, kunamata kwechihedheni mifananidzo kwakatsiviwa nokunamatwa kwemifananidzo yaJesu, Maria, ngirozi, uye “vasande.”

Vatungamiriri Vechechi Vakaruramisa Sei Ikoku?

Mukuwirirana neThe Encyclopedia of Religion, vatungamiriri vechechi vakashandisa zvibvumikiso zvimwe chetezvo zvekare sezvakaita vazivi vechihedheni. Varume vakadai saPlutarch, Dio Chrysostom, Maxim weTire, Celsus Porphyry uye Julian vakabvuma kuti zvidhori zvakanga zvisina upenyu. Asi ava vahedheni vakaruramisa kushandiswa kwezvidhori kupfurikidza nokutaura kuti izvozvi zvaiva yamuro mukunamata vamwari vavo vasingaoneki. Mugadziri wemifananidzo weRussia Leonid Ouspensky anobvuma mubhuku rake The Meaning of Icons, kuti: “Vanyori vapakuvamba veChechi vakashandisa chombo chouzivi hwechiGiriki, vachigadziridza nzwisiso yahwo nomutauro woumwari wechiKristu.”—Enzanisa naVaKorose 2:8.

Vanhu vazhinji vakawana ruramiso yorudzidziso yokunamatwa kwemifananidzo kuva yakaoma kunzwisisa. “Musiano pakati pokunamata mufananidzo nokuda kwechaungamirira, kana kuti kunamata nokuda kwawo umene . . . kwakanga kwakaisvonaka zvokusagona kuratidzirwa navapi navapi kunze kwavakadzidza zvikuru,” anodaro John Taylor muIcon Painting.

Pane rumwe rutivi, icho Bhaibheri rinotaura pamusoro pemifananidzo yorudzidziso chiri nyore kunzwisisa. Rangarira Emilia, uyo anogara muJohannesburg, South Africa. Iye akanga ari muKaturike anoshingaira uye aisipfugama ndokunyengetera pamberi pemifananidzo. Ipapo, mumwe weZvapupu zvaJehovha akagogodza pasuo rake. Iye akafadzwa nokuona muBhaibheri rechiPutukezi kuti Mwari ane zita, Jehovha. (Pisarema 83:18, Almeida) Mufundo dzake dzeBhaibheri, iye akabvunza, kuti: “Chii chandinofanira kuita kudzivisa kusafadza Jehovha?” Chapupu chakanongedzera kumifananidzo yakarembera pamadziro ake ndokumukumbira kurava Pisarema 115:4-8. Usiku ihwohwo apo murume waEmilia akauya kumusha, akamuudza kuti aida kuparadza mifananidzo yake yorudzidziso. Iye akabvuma. Zuva rakatevera, akaita kuti vanakomana vake vaviri, Tony naManuel, vapunze mifananidzo ndokuipisa. Nhasi, makore 25 gare gare, Emilia ane kuzvidemba kupi nokupi here pamusoro paikoku? Aiwa. Kutaura idi, pamwe chete nemhuri yake, iye akabetsera vazhinji vavavakidzani vake kuva vanamati vanofara vaJehovha.

Zvinoitika zvakafanana zvakadzokororwa kakawanda. Somuuyo webasa rokuita vadzidzi romunyika yose reZvapupu zvaJehovha, mamirioni ari kudzidza kunamata Mwari “nomudzimu nezvokwadi.” Iwewo unogona kuwana zvikomborero zvinobva muiyi nzira huru yokunamata nemhaka yokuti, sezvakataura Jesu, “Baba vari kutsvaka vakadaro kuvanamata.”—Johane 4:23, 24, NW.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 26]

Mutongi Nicholas II achikomborera mauto ake nomufananidzo

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Photo neC.N.