Rudzidziso Rwuri Madikanwa Chaizvoizvo Here?

RUDZIDZISO runokosha kwauri here? Uri, zvichida, mutezo weboka rakati rorudzidziso kana kuti chechi here? Kana zvakadaro, une zvakawanda zvakafanana navanhu vakararama shure muna 1844, gore apo muzivi weGermany Karl Marx akanyora, kuti: “Rudzidziso . . . mushonga unokotsirisa wavanhu.” Mumazuva iwayo anodokuva munhu ari wose aienda kuchechi uye rudzidziso rwakanga rune pesvedzero yakasimba pamwero uri wose wenzanga. Nhasi, ikoko kwachinja zvikuru, uye rudzidziso runoita rutivi ruduku kana kuti haruiti muupenyu hwamazana amamirioni avanhu. Kana uchienda kuchechi, sezvingabvira uri muvashomanene vari munzanga yako.

Chii chakaparira chinjo yacho? Kutanga, Karl Marx akakudziridza uzivi hunopesana norudzidziso uhwo hwakava hunopesvedzera zvikuru. Marx sezviri pachena airangarira rudzidziso semhinganidzo kufambiro mberi yavanhu. Iye akataura kuti zvinodikanwa zvorudzi rwomunhu zvaigona kuitwa zvakanakisisa kupfurikidza nokutenda zvinooneka, uzivi husina kusiya nzvimbo yaMwari kana kuti yorudzidziso rwegamuchidzanwa. Ikoku kwakamutungamirira kutaura, kuti: “Chinodikanwa chokutanga chomufarwa wavanhu kuparadzwa kworudzidziso.”

Uzivi hwaMarx hwokutenda zvinooneka hwakakudziridzwazve nowezvesosharisiti weGermany Friedrich Engels nomutungamiriri wechiKomonisiti weRussia Vladimir Lenin. Hwakasvika pakuzivikanwa sechiMarx nechiLenin. Kusvikira misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, chinopfuura chikamu chimwe chezvitatu chorudzi rwomunhu chakararama muhurumende dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakatevera kusvikira kumwero mukuru zvikuru kana kuti muduku zvikuru uhwu uzivi hwokusadavira muna Mwari. Varume navakadzi vazhinji vachiri kudaro.

Kukura Kwouzivi Hwezvenyika

Asi kupararira kwouzivi hwechiKomonisiti kwakanga kusati kuri chinhu bedzi chakanetesa kudzora kworudzidziso parudzi rwomunhu. Zvinoitika mune zvesayenzi zvakaitawo rutivi. Somuenzaniso, kukurumbiriswa kwerondedzero yemhindumupindu kwakatungamirira vazhinji kupanikira kuvapo kwoMusiki. Uye kwaiva nezvimwe zvinhu.

Encyclopædia Britannica inodudza “kuwanwa kwetsananguro dzesayenzi dzezvishamiso zvaichimbonzi zvinoparirwa nesimba rinopfuura romuzvarirwo” no“kubviswa kwepesvedzero yorudzidziso rwakarongwa munzvimbo dzomubato zvakadai sokurapa, dzidzo nezvinogadzirwa namaoko.” Zvinoitika zvakadai saizvozvi zvakatungamirira kukukura kwouzivi hwezvenyika. Chii chiri uzivi hwezvenyika? Ihwo hunorondedzerwa so“murangariro woupenyu . . . wakavakirwa pamufungo wokuti rudzidziso nerangariro dzorudzidziso zvinofanira kufuratirwa kana kuti kuregwa namaune.” Uzivi hwezvenyika hunopesvedzera munyika dzechiKomonisiti nedzisiri dzechiKomonisiti.

Asi uzivi hwezvenyika nechiMarx nechiLenin zvakanga zvisati zviri zvoga mukunetesa pesvedzero yorudzidziso. Machechi echiKristudhomu anofanira kugoverana pomero yacho. Neiko? Nemhaka yokuti kwamazana amakore akanga ashandisa zvisina kufanira chiremera chawo. Uye akanga adzidzisa dzidziso dzakavakirwa pamagamuchidzanwa asati ari apamagwaro nouzivi hwavanhu panzvimbo peBhaibheri. Nokudaro, vazhinji vari mumapoka avo vakaneteswa zvikuru mumudzimu zvokusagona kudzivisa denho youzivi hwezvenyika.

Uyezve, machechi amene zvikurukuru pakupedzisira akatera kuuzivi hwezvenyika. Muzana ramakore rechi 19, nyanzvi dzorudzidziso muchiKristudhomu dzakaparira chimiro chokutsoropodza icho chakaparadza, nokuda kwavazhinji, kudavirika kweBhaibheri seShoko rakafuridzirwa raMwari. Machechi, kubatanidza Chechi yeRoma Katurike, akagamuchira rondedzero yemhindumupindu. Hungu, akanga achingori kutaura kuti anodavira muchisiko. Asi akabvumira bviro yokuti muviri womunhu wakashanduka-shanduka, nepo mweya bedzi wakasikwa naMwari. Mukati mama 1960, chiPurotesitendi chakaparira dzidziso yakazivisa “rufu rwaMwari.” Vafundisi vePurotesitendi vazhinji vakafuratira mararamire okutenda zvinooneka. Vakatendera vatano yapamberi peroorano uye kunyange vatano yavane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yokubereka nayo. Vamwe vafundisi veKaturike vakatanga dzidziso yorusununguko, vachivhenganidza chiKaturike nechiMarx chokupandukira.

Kutiza Kwouzivi Hwezvenyika

Nokudaro, uzivi hwezvenyika hwakasvika pakudzora, zvikurukuru mukati mama 1960 uye zvichikwira kusvikira panenge pakati pama 1970. Ipapo zvinhu zvakachinja zvakare. Rudzidziso, kunyange zvazvo kwete, zvikurukuru, machechi makuru, rwakaratidzika kuva rwuri kubudirira. Kupota nyika yose, kupera kwama 1970 nama 1980 kwakapupurira kuwanda kwamapoka matsva orudzidziso.

Neiko kwakava nokumutsidzirwa kworudzidziso? Muzivi wamagariro avanhu weFrance Gilles Kepel akataura kuti “vanhuwo zvavo vakadzidza kunyika . . . vanotaura kuti tsika yokunyika yakavatungamira kungwavaira uye kuti kupfurikidza nokutaura rusununguko rwavo vachibva kuna Mwari, vanhu ari kukohwa zvavakadyara kupfurikidza norudado rwavo nokuzvitutumadza, ndiko kuti, kusindimara, kuchatanura, AIDS, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemirimo, [uye] kuzviuraya.”

Kutiza kwouzivi hwezvenyika kwakaunganidza simba idzva chifo chokunoratidzika kuva kuwa kwechiMarx nechiLenin. Nokuda kwavanhu vazhinji uhwu uzivi hwokusadavira muna Mwari hwakanga hwava rudzidziso chairwoirwo. Fungidzira, ipapoka, kushamisika kwaavo vanoisa chivimbo chavo marwuri! Mushumo weWashington Post wakatumirwa kubva kuMoscow wakanokora mashoko mumwe aichimbova mutungamiriri weCommunist Party Higher School uyo akati: “Nyika inorarama kwete bedzi papfuma yayo namasangano, asiwo pangano dzayo navanababa vakavamba. Chinhu chinoparadza kuti nzanga ipi neipi iwane kuti ngano hurusa dzavo dzakavakirwa kwete pazvokwadi asi panhema nefungidziro. Asi ndizvo zvatiri kuwana zvino pamusoro paLenin norupandukiro.”

Achitaura nezvezvose zviri zviviri nyika dzechiKomonisiti nedzepfuma inodzorwa navanhu, muzivi wamagariro avanhu weFrance nomuzivi Edgar Morin vakabvuma, kuti: “Hatina kuona bedzi kuwa kwenguva yemberi yakajeka yakapiwa vashandi asi takaonawo kuwa kwefambiro mberi inozviitikira neyomuzvarirwo yenzanga yenyika, umo sayenzi, kurangarira, uye hurumende inosarudzwa novoruzhinji zvaifungidzirwa kuti zvinongofambira mberi. . . . Hapana fambiro mberi inovimbiswa zvino. Nguva yemberi yatakanga takarira yawa.” Kwakadaro kunzwa kusingabetseri kwavazhinji vanoisa kutenda kwavo munhamburiko dzavanhu dzokusika nyika iri nani isina Mwari.

Fariro Yakamutsidzirwa Murudzidziso

Iyi pfungwa yenyika yose yokuora mwoyo iri kuparira chiverengero chakati chavanhu vapachokwadi kuziva dikanwo yorutivi rwomudzimu kuupenyu hwavo. Vanoona dikanwo yorudzidziso. Asi havagutswi namachechi makuru, uye vamwe vanewo panikiro pamusoro pamarudzidziso matsva—kubatanidza zvitendero zvokuporesa, mapoka ezvemidzimu, masekete ezvakavanzika, uye kunyange mapoka avanamati vaSatani. Kushingaira kworudzidziso kuri kusimudzawo musoro wako wakashata. Naizvozvo, hungu, rudzidziso runonzi rwuri kubudirira. Asi kudzokera kwakadaro kurudzidziso chinhu chakanaka nokuda kworudzi rwomunhu here? Zvamazvirokwazvo, rudzidziso rwupi norwupi runogovera chaizvoizvo zvinodikanwa zvomudzimu zvorudzi rwomunhu here?

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]

“Rudzidziso mafemo echisikwa chakadzvinyirirwa, murangariro wenyika isina tsitsi, uye mweya womugariro une utsinye. Irwo mushonga unokotsirisa wavanhu”

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Photo: New York Times, Berlin—33225115

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 4]

Vladimir Lenin (pamusoro) naKarl Marx vakaona rudzidziso semhinganidzo kufambiro mberi yavanhu

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Musée d’Histoire Contemperaine—BDIC (Universitiés de Paris)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]

Pfungwa yechiMarx nechiLenin yakamutsa kariro huru mumwoyo yamamirioni avanhu

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Musée d’Histoire Contemperaine—BDIC (Universitiés de Paris)

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 2]

Cover photo: Garo Nalbandian