“New World Translation”—Younyanzvi Uye Yakatendeseka

“YAKAZARA nenhema!” Shure muzana ramakore rechi 16, izvozvo ndizvo izvo vashori vakataura pamusoro peshanduro yaMartin Luther yeBhaibheri. Ivo vakadavira kuti vaigona kubvumikisa kuti Bhaibheri raLuther raiva ne“mhosho dzezvitendero nenhema 1 400.” Nhasi, Bhaibheri raLuther rinorangarirwa seshanduro inokosha. Bhuku rinonzi Translating the Bible rinotoridana kuti “basa renyanzvi”!

Muzana rino ramakore rechi 20, New World Translation yakapomerwawo nhema. Neiko? Nemhaka yokuti iyo inobva mukushandurwa kwamagamuchidzanwa kwendima dzakawanda uye inosimbisa kushandiswa kwezita raMwari, Jehovha. Nokudaro, ndeyechienzi. Asi ikoku kunoiita yenhema here? Aiwa. Yakabudiswa nerangariro huru nengwariro kuudzame, uye chingaratidzika kuva chisina kurovedzeka chinomirira nhamburiko yechokwadi yokumirira nokungwarira misiano yerevo yemitauro yapakuvamba. Mufundisi C. Houtman anotsanangura chikonzero chokusarurama kweNew World Translation, kuti: “Kushandurwa kwamagamuchidzanwa kwakasiana-siana kwamashoko anokosha kubva murugwaro rwapakuvamba kwakaregwa, sezviri pachena nokuda kwokusvika panzwisiso inobvira yakanakisisa.” Ngatirangarirei mimwe mienzaniso yaikoku.

Yakasiana—Asi Haina Kuipa

Kutanga, mashoko akasanobatana mumitauro yeBhaibheri yapakuvamba anoshandurwa, kwakunobvira, namashoko echiNgezi akasiana, nokudaro kuchisvinudzira mudzidzi weBhaibheri kurevo dzakasiana-siana dzinobvira. Nokudaro, syn·teʹlei·a anoshandurwa kuti “mhedziso” uye teʹlos “mugumo,” kunyange zvazvo mashoko ose ari maviri achishandurwa “mugumo” mudzimwe shanduro dzakawanda. (Mateo 24:3, 13, NW) Shoko rokuti koʹsmos rinoshandurwa kuti “nyika,” ai·onʹ “tsika yezvinhu,” uye oi·kou·meʹne “pasi rinogarwa.” Zvakare, shanduro dzakawanda dzeBhaibheri dzinongoshandisa “nyika” chete kumirira maviri kana kuti zvimwe ose matatu amashoko aya echiGiriki, kunyange zvazvo, kutaura idi, pane misiano pakati pawo.—Mateo 13:38, 39; 24:14.

Nenzira yakafanana, New World Translation inosanocherechedza musiano pakati pagnoʹsis (“zivo”) uye e·piʹgno·sis (anoshandura, kuti “zivo yakarurama”)—musiano unofuratirwa nedzimwe zhinji. (VaFiripi 1:9; 3:8) Inosianisawo pakati taʹphos (“guva,” nzvimbo imwe yokuvigira), mneʹma (“hwiro”), mne·meiʹon (“guva rechirangaridzo”), uye haiʹdes (“hadhesi,” kunongedzera muBhaibheri kuguva ravose rorudzi rwomunhu rwakafa). (Mateo 27:60, 61; Johane 5:28; Mabasa 2:29, 31) Shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzinoverengeka dzinosianisa pakati pataʹphos namne·meiʹon pana Mateo 23:29 asi kwete nenzira inotsinhirana kumwewo.—Ona Mateo 27:60, 61, New International Version.

Zvimiro zvamashoko echiito zvinoshandurwa nenzira yokungwarira uye chaizvoizvo. Somuenzaniso, muRevised Standard Version, 1 Johane 2:1 inorava, kuti: “Kana munhu upi noupi akatadza, tine murevereri naBaba, Jesu Kristu akarurama.” Nokukurumidza pashure pacho, shanduro imwe cheteyo inoshandura 1 Johane 3:6, kuti: “Hakuna munhu anogara muna [Jesu] anotadza.” Kana pasina muteveri waJesu anotadza, 1 Johane 2:1 inoshanda sei?

New World Translation inopedza iyi inoratidzika kuva pokanidzano. Pana 1 Johane 2:1, inoti: “Ndinokunyorerai izvi zvinhu kuti mugorega kuita chivi. Asi, kana munhu upi noupi akaita chivi, tine mubetseri naBaba, Jesu Kristu, akarurama.” Johane akashandisa chimiro cheshoko chisingaratidziri kudzokorora muiyi ndima, kuratidzira kuitwa kwechivi kwakaparadzana, rudzi rwechinhu tose zvedu tinoita panguva nenguva nemhaka yokuti hatina kukwana. Zvisinei, 1 Johane 3:6, (NW), inorava, kuti: “Munhu ari wose anogara muhumwe naye haasati achirovedza kuita chivi; hakuna munhu anorovedza kuita chivi akamuona kana kuti zvimwe akasvika pakumuziva.” Johane pano akashandisa chimiro chazvino, kuratidzira nzira inopfuurira, yomuitiro yechivi iyo yaizobvisa kutaura kwomunhu upi noupi kuva muKristu.

Dzimwe Nyanzvi Dzinobvuma

Mashoko akati asina kurovedzeka anonzi akatangwa neZvapupu zvaJehovha anotsigirwa nedzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri kana kuti mabhuku enongedzero. Pana Ruka 23:43, New World Translation inonyora mashoko aJesu kugororo rakaurawa naye, kuti: “Zvirokwazvo ndinokuudza nhasi, Uchava neni muParadhiso.” MuchiGiriki chapakuvamba, makanga musina zviratidzo zvokumira zvakadai samakoma; asi kazhinji kazhinji rudzi rwakati rwokumira runoiswa navashanduri kubetsera nokurava. Zhinjisa, zvisinei, dzinoita kuti Ruka 23:43 irave sokunge Jesu negororo vaienda kuParadhiso zuva iroro rimene. The New English Bible inorava, kuti: “Ndinokuudza izvi: nhasi uchava neni muParadhiso.” Hadzisi dzose dzinopa uyu mufungo, zvisinei. Purofesa Wilhelm Michaelis anoshandura ndima yacho, kuti: “Zvirokwazvo, nechakare nhasi ndinokupa vimbiso: (rimwe zuva) uchava pamwe chete neni muparadhiso.” Uku kushandura kuno mufungo zvikuru kupfuura uko kweThe New English Bible. Gororo rinofa raisagona kuva rakaenda naJesu kuParadhiso zuva rimwe chetero. Jesu haana kumutswa kutozosvikira zuva rechitatu pashure porufu rwake. Munguvayo akanga ari muHadhesi, guva ravose rorudzi rwomunhu.—Mabasa 2:27, 31; 10:39, 40.

Mukuwirirana naMateo 26:26 muNew World Translation, Jesu, pakutanga chengetwo yeChirairo chaShe, anoti nezvechingwa icho iye anopfuudza kuvadzidzi vake: “Ichochi chinoreva muviri wangu.” Dzimwe shanduro zhinjisa dzinoshandura iyi ndima, kuti: “Ichi ndiwo muviri wangu,” uye ikoku kunoshandiswa kutsigira dzidziso yokuti mukati mechengetwo yeChirairo chaShe, chingwa chinova chaizvoizvo nyama yaKristu. Shoko rinoshandurwa muNew World Translation se“chinoreva” (es·tinʹ, chimiro chaei·miʹ) chinobva mushoko rechiGiriki rinoreva “kuva,” asi chinogona kurevawo “kureva.” Nokudaro, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament yaThayer inotaura kuti ichi chiito “kazhinji kazhinji ii.q. [kuenzana ne] kunoratidzira, kureva, revo.” Zvamazvirokwazvo, “kureva” ishanduro ine mufungo pano. Apo Jesu akatanga Chirairo Chokupedzisira, nyama yake yakanga ichiri pamafupa ake, naizvozvo chingwa chaigona sei kuva chakava chaizvoizvo nyama yake chaiyoiyo?a

Pana Johane 1:1 New World Translation inorava, kuti: “Shoko rakanga riri mwari.” Mushanduro dzakawanda uku kutaura kunongorava zvako, kuti: “Shoko rakanga riri Mwari” uye kunoshandiswa kutsigira dzidziso yoUtatu. Nenzira isingashamisi, vezvoUtatu havadi kushandura kuri muNew World Translation. Asi Johane 1:1 haina kuitwa yenhema nokuda kwokubvumikisa kuti Jesu haasati ari Mwari Wamasimba ose. Zvapupu zvaJehovha, pakati pavamwe vakawanda, zvakanga zvadenha kukudzwa kwa“mwari” kare kare pamberi pokuoneka kweNew World Translation, iyo inoedza nenzira yakarurama kushandura mutauro wapakuvamba. Vashanduri veBhaibheri vashanu veGermany nenzira yakafanana vanoshandisa shoko rokuti “mwari” mundima iyeyo.b Vanenge vamwe 13 vakashandisa kutaura kwakadai so“worudzi rwoumwari” kana kuti “rudzi rwakafanana naMwari.” Uku kushandura kunobvumirana namamwe mativi eBhaibheri kuratidza kuti, hungu, Jesu ari mudenga ndimwari mupfungwa yokuva woumwari. Asi Jehovha naJesu havasati vari vanhu vamwe chetewo, Mwari mumwe cheteyo.—Johane 14:28; 20:7.

Zita Chairo raMwari

Pana Ruka 4:18, mukuwirirana neNew World Translation, Jesu akashandisa kwaari amene uporofita huri muna Isaya, achiti: “Mudzimu waJehovha uri pandiri.” (Isaya 61:1) Vazhinji vanoramba kushandiswa kwezita raJehovha pano. Zvisinei, inongova imwe yenzvimbo dzinopfuura 200 umo zita iroro rinooneka muNew World Translation yaMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu, inonzi Testamente Itsva. Chokwadi, hakuna manyoro echiGiriki apakuvamba akapukunyuka e“Testamente Itsva” ane zita chairo raMwari. Asi zita racho rakabatanidzwa muNew World Translation nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakanaka, kwete nechishuvo chete. Uye vamwe vakatevera nzira yakafanana. Mumutauro weGermany moga, dzinenge shanduro 11 dzinoshandisa “Jehovha” (kana kunyorwa kwechiHebheru, “Yahweh”) murugwaro rwe“Testamente Itsva,” nepo vashanduri vana vachiwedzera zita racho mumapereni pashure pa“Ishe.”c Shanduro dzeGermany dzinopfuura 70 dzinorishandisa mumashoko omuzasi kana kuti tsinhiro.

Muna Israeri, zita raMwari raidudzwa pasina rambidzo kwaanopfuura makore ane chiuru. Ndiro zita rinooneka kazhinji kazhinji zvikurusa muMagwaro echiHebheru (“Testamente Yekare”), uye hapana chibvumikiso chinopwisa chokuti rakanga risingazivikanwi kuvanhuwo zvavo kana kuti kududzwa kwaro kwakanga kwakanganwiwa muzana ramakore rokutanga reNguva yedu yaVose, apo maKristu echiJudha akafuridzirwa kunyora mabhuku e“Testamente Itsva.”—Rute 2:4.

Wolfgang Feneberg anotsinhira mumagazini yeJesuit Entschluss/Offen (April 1985): “Iye [Jesu] haana kutinyima zita raBaba vake YHWH, asi akarironzesa kwatiri. Nezvisizvo hakutsananguriki chikonzero nei chikumbiro chokutanga choMunyengetero waShe chichifanira kurava, kuti: ‘Zita renyu ngaritsveneswe!’” Feneberg anotaurazve kuti “mumanyoro apamberi pechiKristu avaJudha vanotaura chiGiriki, zita raMwari harina kutaurwa namamwe mashoko nakýrios [Ishe], asi rainyorwa muchimiro chetetragiramu [YHWH] mumabhii echiHebheru kana kuti chiHebheru chekare. . . . Tinowana yeuchidzo dzezita racho mumanyoro aVavambi veChechi; asi havarifariri. Kupfurikidza nokushandura iri zita kuti kýrios (Ishe), Vavambi veChechi vaifarira zvikuru kupa mbiri yakýrios kuna Jesu Kristu.” New World Translation inodzorera zita racho kurugwaro rweBhaibheri papi napapi pane chikonzero chakanaka, chounyanzvi chokuita saizvozvo.—Ona Appendix 1D muReference Bible.

Vamwe vanotsoropodza chimiro cha“Jehovha” icho New World Translation inoshandura nacho zita raMwari. Mumanyoro echiHebheru, zita racho rinooneka samakonzonendi mana chete, YHWH, uye vazhinji vanotaura kuti kududzwa kwakafanira ndi“Yahweh,” kwete “Jehovha.” Nokudaro, vanorangarira kuti kushandisa “Jehovha” chikanganiso. Asi, chaizvoizvo, nyanzvi hadzitombobvumirani kuti chimiro cha“Yahweh” chinomirira dudzo yapakuvamba. Idi nderokuti nepo Mwari akachengeta kupereterwa kwezita rake “YHWH” kanopfuura 6 000 muBhaibheri, haana kuchengeta kududzwa kwaro uko Mosesi akanzwa paGomo reSinai. (Eksodho 20:2) Naizvozvo, kududzwa hakusati kuri kwoukoshi hukurusa panguva ino.

MuEurope chimiro cha“Jehovha” chakazivikanwa zvakafara kwamazana amakore uye chinoshandiswa mumaBhaibheri akawanda, kubatanidza shanduro dzechiJudha. Chinooneka kasingaverengeki pazvivako, pamari uye zvimwe zvinhu, uye muzvinhu zvakatsikirirwa, pamwe chete nomunziyo zhinji dzechechi. Naizvozvo panzvimbo pokuedza kuratidzira kududza kwapakuvamba kwechiHebheru kwapakuvamba, New World Translation mumitauro yayo yose yakasiana-siana inoshandisa chimiro chezita raMwari chinogamuchirwa zvakakurumbira. Ikoku ndiko chaizvoizvo uko dzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzinoita namamwe mazita ose ari muBhaibheri.

Neiko Pane Tsoropodzo Yakaipa?

Bhaibheri raLuther rakatsoropodzwa nemhaka yokuti rakaitwa nomunhu akaratidzira zvikanganiso zvorudzidziso rwamagamuchidzanwa rwezuva rake. Shanduro yake yakazarura nzira yokuti vanhuwo zvavo vaone zvokwadi yezvakawanda zvaakataura. Nenzira yakafanana, New World Translation inotsoropodzwa nemhaka yokuti inobudiswa neZvapupu zvaJehovha, izvo zvinozivisa pachena kuti dzidziso dzakawanda dzechiKristudhomu hadziwanwi muBhaibheri. New World Translation—zvamazvirokwazvo, Bhaibheri ripi neripi—rinoita kuti ikoku kuve pachena.

Kutaura idi, New World Translation ibhuku rounyanzvi. Muna 1989, Purofesa Benjamin Kedar weIsraeri, akati: “Munzvero yangu yemitauro pamusoro peBhaibheri rechiHebheru neshanduro, kazhinji kazhinji ndinonongedzera kuchinyorwa chechiNgezi cheinozivikanwa seNew World Translation. Mukuita saizvozvo, ndinowana murangariro wangu uchisimbiswa wasimbiswazve kuti iri bhuku rinoratidzira kuedza kwokutendeseka kuwana kunzwisiswa kworugwaro kuri kwakarurama sokunobvira. Kupa ufakazi hwenzwisiso huru yomutauro wapakuvamba, inoshandura mashoko apakuvamba mumutauro wechipiri nenzira inonzwisisika pasina kubva zvisiri madikanwa mukuumbwa chaiko kwechiHebheru. . . . Kutaurwa kuri kwose kwomutauro kunobvumira mwero wakati mukuturikira kana kushandura. Naizvozvo mushonga wemitauro muchinoitika chipi nechipi chinopiwa ungava wakazarurwa kukurukurirano. Asi handisati ndatongowana muNew World Translation donzo ripi neripi rakatsauswa rokupinza chimwe chinhu murugwaro charwusina.”

Mamirioni avaravi veBhaibheri munyika yose anoshandisa New World Translation nemhaka yokuti ishanduro yomutauro wazvino uno iyo inoshandura mashoko eBhaibheri noururami. Bhaibheri rose rinowanika zvino mumitauro 9 uye Magwaro echiGiriki echiKristu oga mu 2 yokuwedzera; iri kugadzirirwa mudzimwe ndimi 20. Shanduro yakarurama inoda makore ebasa rokungwarira, asi tinotarira mberi kukuita kuti New World Translation pakupedzisira iwanike muiyi mitauro yose yakasiana-siana kuitira kuti igobetsera vamwe vazhinji kuwana nzwisiso iri nani ye“shoko roupenyu.” (VaFiripi 2:16) Nemhaka yokuti yakatobetsera mamirioni kuita saizvozvo, yakafanirwa zvirokwazvo nerumbidzo.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

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New World Translation iri kukushandurirwa mudzimwe ndimi 20

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SHANDURO INOZVIRUMBIDZA IMENE

Mumwe weZvapupu zvaJehovha muGermany akakurukura neimwe chembere, yaakaravira Habhakuki 1:12, (NW): “Hamubvi kare kare here, haiwa Jehovha? Haiwa Mwari wangu, Mutsvene wangu, hamusati muchifa.” Mukadzi wacho akaramba nemhaka yokuti Bhaibheri rake rakati, “Ngatirege kufa.” Chapupu chakaonesa kuti New World Translation inosanonamatira kumanyoro apakuvamba. Sezvo chembere yacho yaitaura chiHebheru, yakatora Bhaibheri rayo rechiHebheru ndokuwana kushamisiko yake kuti New World Translation yakarurama. Sopherim (vanyori vechiJudha) vakachinja rugwaro urwu kare kare nemhaka yokuti vaifunga kuti chikamu chamashoko chapakuvamba chakaratidza kusaremekedza kuna Mwari. Kusiya shomanene, shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzeGermany hadziiti gadziridzo kururamisa iyi ruramiso yavanyori. New World Translation yakadzorera rugwaro rwapakuvamba.

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New World Translation yakakwana zvino iripo mu: chiDenmark, chiNetherlands, chiNgezi, chiFrance, chiGermany, chiItaly, chiJapan, chiPutukezi, uye chiSpain