Rudzikinuro—Dzidziso Yakarasika yechiKristudhomu

RUDZIKINURO, chitendero chokuti Jesu akafa mutsinhano norudzi rwomunhu runotadza, runokosha kuchiKristu chechokwadi. Bva, dzidziso yacho yanguve ichitsoropodzwa uye kusekwa navafundisi vechiKristudhomu.

Neiko ikoko kwakadaro? Jesu amene haana kutaura here pana Marko 10:45 (NW), kuti: “Mwanakomana womunhu akauya, kwete kuzoshumirwa, asi kuzoshumira uye kupa mweya wake rudzikinuro mutsinhano navazhinji”?

Vamwe vakataura kuti Jesu haana kutongotaura mashoko iwayo, kuti pashure porufu rwake iwaya akavambwa mupesvedzero yomuapostora Pauro. Vamwe vanotaura kuti “rudzikinuro” pano ndorwokufananidzira kana kuti dzidziso yacho inobva mungano dzechiGiriki! Naizvozvo rudzikinuro rwakadokunyangarika mudzidziso dzechechi.

Ungasanoshamisika, kunyanguvezvo, kuti maKristu apakuvamba ainzwisisa sei rufu rwaJesu. Pauro anotiudza pana 2 VaKorinte 5:14, 15 (NW), kuti: “Rudo rwaKristu runotimanikidza, zvatinoziva chinhu ichi, kuti mumwe wakafira vose . . . kuti avo vanorarama varege kuzozviraramira ivo, asi uyo wakafa nokumutswa nokuda kwavo.” Dzidziso iyoyi yakanga yakapfava zvikuru sei—isina chose chose chinjo dzakaoma dzayaizova nadzo gare gare pasimba ravafundisi.

Kunobvira here kuti Pauro akavamba dzidziso iyoyi? Aiwa, nokuti iye anotsanangura pana 1 VaKorinte 15:3 (NW), kuti: “Ndakakupai, pakati pezvinhu zvokutanga, izvo zvandakagamuchirawo, kuti Kristu wakafira zvivi zvedu mukuwirirana naMagwaro.” Nenzira yakajeka, nguva refu Pauro asati anyora tsamba dzake, maKristu aitonzwisisa rufu rwaJesu kuva rwechibairo, mutengo chaiwoiwo wakaripirwa kudzikinura rudzi rwomunhu runotadza, rudzikinuro. Kupfuurirazve, sokuratidzira kunoita Pauro, akanzwisisa rufu rwaKristu kuti runozadzika “Magwaro,” ndiko kuti, mauporofita akadai saPisarema 22 uye Isaya 53 muMagwaro echiHebheru, kana kuti “Testamente Yekare.”

Mibvunzo Isina Kupindurwa

Kana ukasarudza kuzvitsvakira umene maidi, uchawana kuti dzidziso dzokuwa pakutenda dzakapinda muchiKristu shure pedyo nenguva yavaapostora. (Mabasa 20:29, 30; 2 Timotio 4:3, 4) Bva, chitendero muchibairo chorudzikinuro chaKristu chakapfuurira, sokuratidza kunoita manyoro apakuvamba aMadzibaba eChechi. Zvisinei, apo vamwe vafundisi vapashure vakaongorora dzidziso yorudzikinuro, vakabuda nemibvunzo yakaoma, yakadai seyokuti, Rudzikinuro rwakabhadharwa kuna ani? Uye nei muripo wakadaro wakanga uri madikanwa?

Muzana ramakore rechina N.V., Gregory weNyssa navamwe vakatsanangura murangariro wokuti rudzikinuro rwakanga rwabhadharwa kuna Satani Dhiabhorosi! Satani, vakadaro, akanga akabata vanhu, uye rudzikinuro rwakabhadharwa kwaari kuti asunungure rudzi rwomunhu. Zvisinei, mumwe akararama panguva imwe chete iyeyo anonzi Gregory weNazianzus akaona mwena mukuru murondedzero iyoyi. Yakareva kuti Mwari akanga achifanira kutenda Dhiabhorosi—upenzi zvamazvirokwazvo! Mufungo worudzikinuro rwakabhadharwa kuna Dhiabhorosi wakakurumbira kunyanguvezvo ndokupfuurira kwamazana amakore.

Rudzikinuro rungagona kuva rwakabhadharwa kuna Mwari amene here? Gregory weNazianzus akarangarira kuti akaonawo zvinetso nepfungwa iyoyi. Sezvo ‘takanga tisiri muusungwa kuna [Mwari],’ nei rudzikinuro rwaizodikanirwa kumubhadhara? Kupfuurirazve, ‘Baba vaigona kufarira rufu rwoMwanakomana wavo’ kupfurikidza nokuraira rudzikinuro here? Mibvunzo yairatidzika kuva yakaoma iyo yaioneka kuva inopanikirisa rudzikinuro rumene.

Rufu Rworudzikinuro

Kunzvera kwako nhau iyi ipapoka kungakusvitsa kukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 12. Anselm, Bhishopi Mukuru weCanterbury, akaedza kupindura mibvunzo iyoyi mubhuku rake rinonzi Cur Deus Homo (Chikonzero Nei Mwari Akava Munhu). Bhuku racho rakadzidzisa kuti rufu rwaKristu rwakabatira senzira yokugutsa nayo ruramisiro youmwari, kunyange zvazvo rusiri sorudzikinuro. Anselm airangarira kuti kukanganwira chivi kupfurikidza norudzikinuro pasina ruramisiro inogutsa kwaizoguma nokusiya chivi chisina kururamiswa. “Asi Mwari haagoni nenzira yakafanira kusiya chinhu chipi kana chipi chisina kururamiswa muUmambo Hwake,” akadaro Anselm. Ipapoka, Mwari akaruramisa sei zvinhu?

Achitaura kuti ‘chivi chinozvidza Mwari,’ Anselm akataura kuti kwaisazova kwakaringana “kungodzorera chete chakatorwa” kupfurikidza nechivi chaAdhama. Sezvo Mwari akanga anyombwa, rudzikinuro—kunyange chibairo chomunhu akakwana—chaisazokwana. “Mukurangarira kunyomba kwakapiwa,” mufundisi wacho akarangarira kudaro, “zvinopfuura chakatorwa zvinofanira kudzorerwa.” (Kutsveyamisa mashoko ndokwedu.) Anselm akataura kuti ikoku kwaida rufu rwouyo akanga ari “vose vari vaviri Mwari uye munhu”!

Kupi kana kupi kungava kuita kwako kudzidziso dzaAnselm, idzo dzakakurira vaakararama navo panguva imwe chete iyeyo uye dzinopfuurira kushandisa pesvedzero muzuva redu. Chokwadi, nokukurumidza, Anselm akanga asimbisa zvose zviri zviviri dzidziso yoUtatu uye akauraya rudzikinuro, toti zvedu muchiKristudhomu! “Gutsikano” kwakava kutaura kwavafundisi, shoko rokuti “rudzikinuro” pashoma napashoma richipinda mukusanzwisiswa. Kunyanguvezvo, rondedzero dzaAnselm dzakanga dzakavakirwa paunodokuva mufungo unotsausa chose chose, kwete paBhaibheri. Uye sezvo nguva yakapfuura, nyanzvi dzakadai saThomas Aquinas dzakavamba kubva parondedzero yaAnselm ye“gutsikano” nomufungo wokuchenjera wavo vamene. Fungidziro yakava yakapararira. Rondedzero dzorudzikinuro dzakawedzera, uye kurukurirano yakabvazve paRugwaro ndokudzika zvikuru mukurangarira kwomunhu, uzivi, uye zvakavanzika.

Reformation Norudzikinuro

Kunyanguvezvo, ngatiswederei pedyo zvishomanene nenguva yedu. Apo denho yeReformation yePurotesitendi yakatanga muzana ramakore rechi 16, boka rinoda kuita chinjo rainzi vaSocinus rakazvarwa.a Ivo vairamba kuti rufu rwaJesu munzira ipi neipi “rwakafanira ruponeso nokuda kwedu,” vachidana chitendero chakadaro se“chenhema, chakaipa, uye chinokuvadza zvikuru . . . , chinonyangadza kuzvose zviri zviviri Rugwaro uye mufungo.” (The Racovian Catechisme) Sezvo Mwari achikanganwira norusununguko, hapana kugutswa kweruramisiro kwakanga kuri madikanwa. Rufu rwaKristu, vaidaro, rwakadzikinura mukuti rwakasunda vanhu kuti vatevedzere muenzaniso wake wakakwana.

Yadenhwa neidzi nedzimwe dzidziso dzenhema, Chechi yeKaturike yakatanga kurwisa, ichikoka Dare reTrent (kubvira muna 1545 kusvikira muna 1563 N.V.). Asi apo mirangariro yakatorwa panhau dzakawanda dzedzidziso, dare racho rakabvumikisa kuva risina kujeka uye risina kuzvipira pamusoro porudzikinuro. Iro rakataura pamusoro po‘runako rwaJesu Kristu’ ndokushandisa shoko rokuti “gutsikano” asi rakadzivisa nenzira yokungwarira shoko rokuti “rudzikinuro.” Somuuyo, chechi yakaperevedza zvikuru kuzvipira imene kuchimiro chipi nechipi chakajeka chapaMagwaro. Suo refungidziro rakaramba rakazaruka zvikuru.

Chikonzero Nei Vatungamiriri Vorudzidziso Vakakundikana

Chifo cheDare reTrent, vafundisi—vaKaturike uye vaPurotesitendi nenzira yakafanana—vakatanga rondedzero dzisingaverengeki dzorudzikinuro. (Ona bhokisi riri papeji 7.) Bva, hapana wirirano parevo yorufu rwaKristu inooneka. Vafundisi vanobvumirana bedzi mukuzvidza kwavo shoko rapaMagwaro rokuti “rudzikinuro,” vachida zvavo kurifuratira, kusariitira hanya, kana kuti kuribvisa. Revo yorufu rwaKristu inotsanangurwa mumutauro usinganzwisisiki, nokumonyaniswa kwakaoma kwomufungo wenhema, uye mashoko makuru, akadai se“pesvedzero yetsika” uye “gutsikano yomuviri inomirira.” Panzvimbo pokuvaka kutenda murufu rwaKristu, vafundisi vechiKristudhomu vakaita kuti danda rake rokutambudzikira rive chigumbuso chinovhiringidza.

Chii chiri chikonzero chikuru chouku kukundikana kwakaipisisa? Mufundisi weKaturike Boniface A. Willems anoti kwakaparirwa neidi rokuti vafundisi “vanodzidziswa vari voga vakasanorindwa”—vari kure zvikuru nezvinodikanwa chaizvoizvo zvavanhu.b Haubvumirani nokuwana ikoko here? Zvisinei, Jeremia 8:9 inopfuurira, ichionesa manyuko chaiwoiwo echinetso, ichiti: “Tarirai, vakaramba shoko raJehovha, zvino vane njere dzakadiniko?”

Sezvinobvumwa, dzidziso yorudzikinuro ingamutsa mibvunzo yakaoma. (2 Petro 3:16) Asi panzvimbo pokunzvera Magwaro nokuda kwemhinduro, vafundisi vakashandisa uchenjeri nomufungo zvavanhu. (1 VaKorinte 1:19, 20; 2:13) Vakarangarira kuramba zvikamu zvipi nezvipi zveBhaibheri zvisingakodzeri mirangariro yavo—kana kuti rondedzero. (2 Timotio 3:16) Vakasimudzira dzidziso dzisiri dzapamagwaro, zvakadai sedzidziso yoUtatu. (Johane 14:28) Uye kukundikana kwavo kukurusa ndokwokuti vakaita kuti ruponeso rwavanhu ruve rukurusa, vachifuratira nhau dzinokosha zvikuru dzinobatanidza zita raMwari noUmambo.—Mateo 6:9, 10.

Murevereri Worudzikinuro

Zvino, tapota kwidza kunzvera kwako kusvikira kukupera kwama 1800. Munhu anotya Mwari ainzi Charles Taze Russell akazviparadzanisa amene norudzidziso rukuru ndokuvamba kubudisa magazini ino imene—The Watch Tower. “Kubva pakutanga,” akayeuka kudaro Russell, “yave iri murevereri chaiye woRudzikinuro.”

Nharireyomurindi inopfuurira kubatira seyakadaro kusvikira kuzuva rino. Kwerinosanopfuura zana rimwe ramakore, yakapa zvikonzero zvakanaka zvapaMagwaro zvokudavira murudzikinuro, uye yakapa mhinduro dzine mufungo, dzapaMagwaro kudenho dzavatsoropodzi. Naizvozvo tinokukoka zvino kuti unzverezve icho Bhaibheri rinotaura pamusoro porufu rwaJesu nerevo yarwo.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 7]

MUENZANISO WERONDEDZERO DZORUNUNURO

◻ RONDEDZERO, YAVAFUNDISI, KANA KUTI YEHURUMENDE: Mufundisi weDutch Hugo Grotius akatanga iyoyi muzana ramakore rechi 17 kuti arambe rondedzero dzavaSocinus. Grotius akarangarira rufu rwaKristu “sorudzi rwakati rwechiito chapamutemo, Mwari achiita nzvimbo yoMufundisi kana kuti Gavhuna, uye munhu iyo yomuiti wechakaipa.”—Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics yaHastings.

◻ RONDEDZERO INOKOSHA YEYANANISO: Iyoyi yakakarakadzwa muna 1946 nomufundisi wePurotesitendi Clarence H. Hewitt. Iye akarangarira basa raKristu, kwete serinobhadhara chirango chakati chapamutemo, asi serino‘tisunungura muudzori hwomutemo wechivi norufu uye kuparira rupfidzo norusuruvaro rwoumwari, nomutoo iwoyo zvichitiunza mumugariro unokanganwirwa pamberi paMwari.’

◻ RUNUNURO KUPFURIKIDZA NORUWADZANO RWECHIKRISTU: Mufundisi weRoma Katurike Boniface A. Willems (1970) anoenzanisa “rununuro” no“kubva paudyire hwedu nokukandirana mwoyo yedu yakazaruka.” Iye anowedzera, kuti: “Murangariro wechiKristu wokutsiva kana kuti kutambura kwokunzwira tsitsi ndowokuti munhu anozviziva amene kuva akabatanidzwa muchinzwano nedzinza romunhu rakuvadzwa nechivi. . . . Chechi ipapoka ruwadzano rwaavo vakagadzirira kuti vararame mubasa chairo nokuda kwavamwe.”

◻ RONDEDZERO YEMBUDZI INOTAKURA ZVIVI: Mufundisi weKaturike Raymund Schwager akakarakadza iyoyi muna 1978. Iye akaramba pfungwa yokuti Mwari aizo“raira ziso nokuda kweziso.” Iye anorangarira chibairo chaKristu sorudzi rwakati rwo(kunatsa) kwokuzorodzwa runobvumira chaunga chavanhu kubudisa—uye nokudaro kuzvibvisira chimene—kombamiro dzacho dzomuzvarirwo dzamasimba masimba.

◻ RUDZIKINURO RWENZANGA NORWAMATONGERWE ENYIKA: Mufundisi weBaptist Thorwald Lorenzen akanyora muna 1985, kuti: “Mwari haasati achingotsvaka zvake kanganwiro yorudzidziso nokuda kwomutadzi asiwo kusunungurwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwavarombo navakadzvinyirirwa. . . . Rufu rwaJesu, naizvozvo, runozivisa Mwari uyo anoitira hanya kuporeswa kwamativi ose oupenyu hwomunhu.”

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]

Vafundisi vePurotesitendi neKaturike vakatanga rondedzero zhinji pamusoro porununuro norudzikinuro, asi chii chinodzidzisa Bhaibheri?